英汉俗语对比研究Word格式.docx

英汉俗语对比研究Word格式.docx

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InEnglishTranslation

CollegeofForeignLanguages

ShaanxiNormalUniversity

May,2001

Acknowledgement

Hereandnow,Iwouldliketoextendmysincerethankstoallthosewhohavehelpedmetomakethisthesispossibleandbetter.

Firstly,Iwouldliketoshowmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisor,ZhangYihong,whohavecheckedthroughmythesiswithpatienceandgivenmeinstructivesuggestions,andhealsoplayedanimportantroleinindicatingabrightroadinmyfuturewriting.Withouthisenlighteninginstruction,impressivekindnessandpatience,Icouldnothavecompletedmythesis.Hiskeenandvigorousacademicobervationenlightensmenotonlyinthisthesisbutalsoinmyfuturestudy.

Thenthankstotheteachersandprofessorswhohavetaughtmeoverthepastthreeyearsofstudy.Youalltaughtmetheacademicknowledgeresponsiblyandprovidedadvancedequipmentgenerouslyformydevelopmentincollegewhichwillfurtherimpressmeinmyfuturestudy,either.

Finally,Iamverygratefultomylovelyfriendsandclassmateswhohaveofferedmequietsituationtocomposemethesisanddiscussedwithmeaboutmythesis.TheyconstantlyencouragedmewhenIfeltfrustratedwiththisdessertation.

Abstract

Createdbylaboringpeople,colloquialismsarewidelyusedinoursocialcommunication.ItisacceptedbybothChineseandEnglishspeakingpeoplethatusingcolloquialismsinourdailylifeisagoodwaytoexpressourfeeling.ChinesepeoplehaveChinesecolloquialisms.WhilesodoEnglishpeople.Itiseasytounderstandourowncolloquialisms.ButwewillbefrustratedwhenaBritishisspeakinghisowncountry’scolloquialisms.However,wecannotjusttranslatewordbyword,ortheBritishwillbebewildered.Andmaybe,thisistheglamourforbothChineseandEnglishcolloqualisms.SometimeswecanjudgetheChinesespeakinglevelofaforeignerbytalkingtohimwithChinesecolloquialisms.

JustlikeZhangPeiji,averyfamousChineselinguistindicating,colloquialismsareusuallyshortbutpersuasiveandtheyareindispensableforouressentiallanguage.AsanEnglishlearner,wemustfindoutthedifferencebetweenChinesecolloquialismsandEnglishcolloquialismsinordertounderstandandusethem.

摘要

俗语，是由劳动人民创造的，并在社会交往中被广泛使用。

无论对于我们中国人还是讲英语国家的人来说，俗语都是一种能够很好表达我们思想和情感的语言。

中国有中国的俗语，讲英语的国家自然也有他们的俗语。

作为一个中国人，我们很容易就能明白我们自己国家的俗语。

但是当我们和外国人交流，一旦遇到俗语，估计我们都会一脸茫然，不知道这位外国友人在讲些什么。

如果你宁要按字面翻译的话，肯定会要闹出笑话的。

或者，这就是俗语的魅力。

有时，我们能够通过和一个外国人讲话判断出他的汉语水平。

就像我们国家著名的语言学家张培基说的那样，俗语虽然胆小精悍，但却很具有说服力，而且俗语是汉语不可或缺的精华部分。

作为一个英语学习者，为了能够更好的明白和使用英语俗语，我们必须弄清楚汉语俗语和英语俗语的区别。

TablesofContent

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………….

Abstract………………………………………………………………..

摘要……………………………………………………………………

TablesofContent………………………………………………………

I.Introduction…………………………………………………………..

II.ThecomparisonontheChineseandEnglishcolloquialisms……….

A.Thedifferencebetweencolloquialismsandidoms……………….

1.Thedemarcation……………..……………………………………

2.Theconcept……………………………………………………….

B.Thecharacterofcolloquialisms……………………………………

1.Rhetoricaldevices………………………………………………….

2.Structure……………………………………………………………

3.Historicalorigin…………………………………………………….

4.Poetsandliterarymen……………………………………………...

C.MeansofexpressioninEnglishandChinesecolloquialisms……….

D.ThecomparisoninstylisticfeatureandrhetoriccharacteristicsofChineseandEnglishcolloquialisms………………………………..

1.Themanifestationofthetwolanguage……………………………

a.Rhymes…………………………………………………………..

b.Tones…………………………………………………………….

2.Thesemanticsofthetwolanguage………………………………

3.Thestyleofthetwolanguage……………………………………

E.ThecomparisonofCulturalConnotationinChineseandEnglishcolloquialisms………………………………………………………..........

1.Differentthinkingineastandwest…………………………………

2.Thedifferentideologyineastandwest……………………………….

a.Differentideology………………………………………………….

b.Differentworldoutlook……………………………………………

c.Differentvalues…………………………………………………….

d.EthicsandProfessionalstandard……………………………………

F.Thecomparisononculturaltraditionineastandwest………………

1.Societycondition、historyfactsandcommunicationmodel…………

2.Socialcommunicationmodel………………………………………

3.Peculiarcultureclassics………………………………………………

4.Lifestyleandethniccustoms………………………………………..

III.Two-partallegoricalsayings………………………………………….

A.Thepuremoraltype………………………………………………….

B.Thecompositepuntype……………………………………………..

a.Semanticpun………………………………………………………..

b.Speechpun………………………………………………………….

c.Onomatopoeticpun…………………………………………………

IV.Conclusion…………………………………………………………..

V.Reference……………………………………………………………II.

I.Introduction:

Therearemainlysevenpartsinthisthesis.Inthefirstpart,inordertodinstingushcollquialismsandidioms,Icomparethedifferentconceptofthetwocommonusage.ThenIexplainthecharacteristcsofbothChineseandEnglishcolloquialsimsandIalsotriedtofindoutthereasontothedifference,suchastheculturetraditionandthelivengcondtion.Whilealotofmodelexamplesareusedinthisthesisinordertoexplainthetheoryvividly.Beforereadingthisthesis,youshouldgettoknowthestyleofthisthesis,Iusualygivesomeexplainarywordsbeforetheexamples.Ithinkitwillhelpthereaderunderstandtheboringtheory.What’smore,Ifindoutalotofinterstingtranslationandyouwillenjoythebeautifullanguageaswellastheskilloftranslation.

II.ThecomparisonontheChineseandEnglishcolloquialisms.

A.Thedifferencebetweencolloquialismsandidoms.

Idiomsincludecolloquialisms,proverbs,maxim,slang,etc.Obviously,colloquialismisakindofidioms.Inordertobetterunderstandthecolloquialisms,weshouldcheckoutthemeaningoftheidiomsfirst

Strictlyspeaking,Anidiomisagroupofwordsinaparticularsyntacticrelationshipthathasaspecialmeaningwhichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofallorsomeoftheindividualwords.（LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,2003:

976）

Acolloquialismisanexpressionusedinorsuitablefor,ordinary,informal,orfamiliarconversationanditisoftenusedinconversationbutnotinformalspeechorwriting.（Oxfordadvancedlearner'

sEnglish-Chinesedictionary）

Itisnotdifficulttoacknowledgethatcolloquialismshavesomethingincommenwithidioms.Theybothusealotrhetoricaldevicestomakethespeechvividandimpressive,suchasmetonymysimilemetopharetc.Actually,idiomsandcolloquialismsareindifferentrankandidiomsincludecolloquialisms.What’smore,colloquialismswhichareoftenusedininformalwritingemphasizemoreonreflectingthecommonsenseandobjectivelaws.

B.Thecharacterofcolloquialisms:

1.Rhetoricaldevicesareusedincolloquialisms,especiallymetaphor.

例如：

金盆洗手杀鸡给猴看拆东墙，补西墙猪八戒倒打一耙瘦死的骆驼比马大没逮住狐狸反惹一身骚老鹰不打窠下食，兔子不吃窝边草等等

Aspoorasachurchmouselikewateroffaduck’back

SleeplikealogAllswansareturnedtogeeseGodgiveseverybirditsfoodbuttheymustflyforit,etc.

BothforChineseandEnglishcolloquialisms,manyretoricaldevicesareusedsuchassimilemetopharmetonymy.Sowecannottranslatethecolloquialismswordsbywords.Inordertogetthetruemeaning,weshouldknowitscultrualbackgroundorweshouldputitintothecontext.

2.Structureneatlyandrhymealigned.

例如：

福无双至，祸不单行世情看冷暖，人面逐高低怒从心头起，恶向胆边生你有千条妙计，我有一定之规酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多良田万顷，日食一升；

大厦千间，夜眠八尺

Apennysavedisapennygained.Idleyoung,needyold.

Forewarnedisforearmed.IsaywhatImeanandImeanwhatIsay.Nobees,nohoney;

nowork,nomoney.

Whyisitsoeasyforyoutolearnacolloquialisminheart?

Afteranalysizingthestructureofthecolloquialisms,youmayhavetheanswer.Take“Idleyoung,needyold.”forexample.Youmayfindthe“idle”and“needy”,“young”and“old”areantonyms.Youmaygetitaslongasyourememberthefirstexpression.Infact,mostcolloquialismsareusingantonymsandnearsynonymstokeepthestructureneatlyandimpressive.

3.Historicaloriginofcolloquialisms:

a.ForsourceinOralEnglishandbyevolutionoffamoussayingsandtosetphraseandproverbforend-result

b.Workingpeoplearethecreatorofthecolloquialisms

c.Cross-culturecommunicationricheneditscontent

（1）.ColloquialismsfromBuddhismallusionsanditsclassicaldoctrine

Eg.肉眼凡胎大彻大悟得其三味超凡入圣一尘不染，四大皆空记得从善脱胎换骨放下屠刀，立地成佛苦海无边，回头是岸道高一尺，魔高一丈救人一命，胜造七级浮屠跳出三界外，不在五行中。

（2）.ColloquialismsfromAncientGreekandRomanmythology

Eg.Achilles’heelAchilles’spearaHerculeantaskaswordofDamoclesboltfromthebluegoldfleeceGordianknotHelenofTroyPandora’sboxPrometheusfiretheappleofdiscord

4.Poetsandliterarymenbringforthnewideasforcolloquialisms:

a.TheChineseliteraturedevotestoChinesecolloquialisms

（1）.ThefourmasterpiecesofChineseliteratureandotherclassicalworks

Includingdramas

好事不出门，恶事传千里（水浒传）在人矮檐下，怎敢不低头（水浒传）

双手不敌双拳，双拳不敌四手（西游记）万事俱备，只欠东风（三国演义）

病来如山倒，病去如抽丝（红楼梦）水来伸手，饭来张口（红楼梦）

（2）.TheFourBooksandpoems

同是天涯沦落人，相见何必曾相识（白居易《琵琶行》）

人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺（苏轼《水调歌头》）

工欲善其事，必先利其器（孔子《论语卫灵公》）

b.FamousBritishandAmericanpersonsdevotedmoreefforttoEnglishcolloquialismsespeciallyShakespeare

（1）.Shakespeare’scontribution

ShakespeareistheearlistfounderofEnglishliteratureandthegreatflag-beareroftheRenaissance.Inhislife,hecreatedmanyfamousworksinwhichmanyhavebeenacceptedasthecolloquialisms.

Foutune’fool（命运的宠儿）poundofflesh（割肉还债）

Allthatglistersisnotgold（闪光的并非都是金子）

ItwasGreektome（这对我就像天书一样）

Amancandiebutonce（人只能死一次）