考研英语二真题及答案.docx
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考研英语二真题及答案
2015年考研英语二真题及答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(JOpoints)
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith■-orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta]underground.
Il'sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings—becausetheres2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn'tknowit.3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:
Pleasedon'tapproachme.”
Whatisit(hatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?
Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWbrtmaniKexecutivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6asMcreepy/'Wefearwe'llbe7・Wefearwe'llbedisniptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,
sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones."Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket/Wortmannsays.nTheyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11
ButonceweripofftheBand-Aid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn't12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:
Starta13TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."WhenDr.Epley
andMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howthey
wouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbe
morepleasantiftheysatontheirown."theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidntexpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,Mnotasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.11
18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecompiiredwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.Itsthat20:
Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeel
connected.
1.[A]ticket
[B]permit
|C]signal
|D]record
2.[A]nothing
(B]link
[C]another
|D]much
3.[A]beaten
|B]guided
|C]plugged
|D]brought
4.|A|message
|B]cede
|C]notice
|D|sign
5.[A]under
|B]beyond
|C]behind
|D]from
6.[A]misinterpret
[B]misapplied
[C]niisadjusted
|D]mismatched
7.[A]fired
[B]judged
[C]replaced
|D]delayed
8.[A]unreasonable
|B]ungrateful
|C]unconventional|D]unfamiliar
9.[A]comfortable
|B]anxious
\C]confident
[D]angry
10.[A]attend
|B]point
|C]take
|D|turn
11.[A|dangerous
[B]mysterious
[C]violent
|D]boring
12.[A]hurt
|B]resist
(C]bend
|D]decay
13.[A]lecture
|B]conversation[C]debate
|D]negotiation
14.[A|trainees
[B]employees
|C]researchers
|D]passengers
15.[A|reveal
[B]choose
|C]predict
JD]design
16.[A]voyage
|B]flight
|C]walk
ID]ride
17.[A]wentthrough|B]didaway
|C]caughtup
|D]putup
18.[A]Inturn
|B]Inparticular[C]Infact
|D]Inconsequence
19.[A]unless
|B]since
|C]if
|D]whereas
20.[A]funny
|B]simple
|C]logical
|D]rare
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestiessedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople'scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.
“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,"writesoneoftheresearchers.SarahDamske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes."Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.^Anothersurpriseisthatfindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.
Whatthestudydoesn'tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey'reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,(heyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,and(hefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceamakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it'snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.
Butit'snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwliatthey'resupposedtobedoing:
working,markingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:
Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.
Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor:
theyneedtobetalked
intoit,orifthey'reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they'reyourfamily.Ybucannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.
Soit'snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome
[A]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace
[B]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement
[C]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace
|D|wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation
22.AccordingtoDainaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?
[A]Childlesswives
[B]Workingmothers
[C]Childlesshusbands
[D]Workingfathers
23.Theblurringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthat
[A]itisdifficultforthemtoleavelheiroffice
|B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback
[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind
|D|theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives
24.ThewordamoolaM(Line49Para4)mostprobablymeans
[A]skills
[B]energy
[C]earnings
|D|nutrition
25.ThehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceInthat
[A]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut
[B]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment
[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating
|D|familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded
Text!
Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated"aparadox'、inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationlias'"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose1-abachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperfonheominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.
Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.
8/8
Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationsludents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastmeonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.
Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.
Manyfirst-generationstudents"struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learntliecrulesofthegame/andtakeadvantageofcollegeresotuces/'theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon'ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents*educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestmggliiigaiiddonotunderstandhowstudents'likethemcanimprove.
26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas
|A|reducedlheirdropoutrates
|B|narrowedtheachievementgap
[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose
[D]depressedcollegestudents
27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause
|A|theproblemissolvable
|B]theirapproachiscostless
[C]therecruitingratehasincreased
[D]theirfindingappealtostudents
28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents
[A]studyatprivateuniversities
|B]arefromsingle-