工程师职业道德与责任-课件2011PPT格式课件下载.ppt
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”,科技双刃剑,诺贝尔奖获得者汉内斯.阿尔文表示:
“人类要生存下去,就必须回到二十五个世纪前,去汲取孔子的智慧。
”社会学家费孝通先生:
“21世纪人与自然,人与人之间的矛盾将空前激化”。
为此他呼唤一位新“孔子”的出现,用“天人合一”、“和为贵”等“和谐哲学”去调节各种矛盾。
科技双刃剑,科技是应当受到控制的力量,必须受人类价值的控制,必须有人文精神的约束、受人类理智、情感乃至常识的制约,才能成为人性化的、能够真正促进人类幸福的力量,大工程观,工程实践:
受多种因素制约的复杂的运作体系科学技术在生产过程中的有效应用组织管理、协调、经济核算协调环境、社会、政治、法律、文化等多种因素以控制其广泛的社会影响一项工程是否具有可行性及其最终的成败不单取决于技术因素,还取决于多种非技术因素,大工程观,美国学者J.波多格纳:
“工程师在组织化社会中的基本作用是一种整合作用,工程师的作用是构建整体”。
大工程观,工程的经济效益工程可能对公众利益产生的影响工程对环境产生的影响工程的安全可靠程度及对工人的劳动保护措施与该地区文化等社会因素的兼容性对施工所在地居民的影响及安置方案是否与有关法律相抵触,大工程观,大工程观,大工程观,大工程观,大工程观,工程师角色,工程技术的复杂性和广泛的社会联系性要求工程师:
精通技术业务,解决好专业技术难题善于合作、协调,处理好各种社会关系具备道德素养,对雇主负责,更对社会公众、对环境及人类未来负责,工程师角色,价值判断:
技术价值判断经济价值判断道德价值判断全面的社会效益和人类长远发展的道义眼光,相关动态,世界范围内,资源公正、环境公正、全球气候问题的国家责任讨论将因为个别大国继续不与国际社会合作而继续,更多的国际组织和国际公约会因此出现;
国际社会将进一步在平衡这些问题上作出实际的努力工程及技术教育认证委员会(ABET)在进行工程学学科认证时要求工程伦理学必须被纳入在工程教育中,真正的道德,应当是人人可为、人人可做、人人可行的平常行为中国的德育之所以不尽人意,恰恰在于平常时期、平常之人感受到的德育效果不明显在今天进入“智育盛世”的时代,德育一下子缺席或成为空白中国道德的真正建立,必须从对三种虚奢道德的告别入手:
一是告别自虐症;
一是告别自宠症;
一是告别根深蒂固的自私症!
相关动态,相关动态,在中国,生产安全、公共安全、环境安全、食品安全会继续成为我国政府和民间关注的焦点;
工程技术工作者的职业精神和科学态度也将继续成为社会关注的热点;
工程伦理教育将会成为工程教育重大改革的问题而被关注。
环境保护,职业社团章程:
保护公众健康和安全,保证社会的可持续发展保护环境;
可持续发展:
是一个变化的过程,其中,投资的方向、技术的导向、资源的分配、制度的改革和作用应直接满足人们当前的需求和渴望,同时不危及自然界承载人类活动的能力,也不危及子孙后代满足他们自我需求和渴望的能力。
绝不妥协,取材于真实事件,不露声色地展现和弘扬了人类捍卫正义的可贵精神埃琳布罗克维奇(朱莉娅罗伯茨饰)发现当地社区内隐藏着重大环境污染事件,而居民们对此并未察觉,逐渐被埃琳打动,团结起来对抗污染。
在各方的帮助下,终于得到了赔偿,并创造了美国历史上同类民事案件的赔偿金额之最。
埃琳用无比坚韧向世人证明了一个“弱女子”的价值。
环境保护,如何合理地保护环境?
可承受的成本、现实可行的技术、人类健康不受直接影响、自然资源可再生历经30多年的探索,试图在经济考虑与保护人类健康的需求之间寻求平衡。
环境保护,伤害度标准:
当污染物对人类健康构成了一个确切而紧迫的威胁时,必须将它们降低到合理的危害临界值之下。
此时,成本不应该作为一个重要的考虑因素,至于当某一物质对人类健康构成了一个不确定的(但是可能的)危害,或者当人们不能确定危害的临界值时,可以考虑经济因素。
如果伤害不能被挽回,那么就应该赋予它以更高的优先考虑权。
案例分析,仅仅是“技术性”问题吗?
你被分配到工厂(排放废水)当环境工程师,废水流入繁华旅游区的湖泊。
同行工厂都处于微利状态,但竞争依然激烈。
你负责监测工厂排放的废水和废气,并定期向自然资源部门提交报告。
你的报告表明废水超标,上司说“你应该把这样的超标看成仅仅是“技术性”问题,你应“调整”数据,以使工厂似乎达标”。
焦点:
小小超标对人类和鱼类的危害不会更大,而解决超标就必须投入大量资金购买新设备落后竞争对手,公布出去影响工厂形象,案例分析,环境工程师的基本责任?
如何回应上司的要求?
公司的工厂经理公司的总经理竞争公司的环境工程师竞争公司的工厂经理政府的自然资源部门当地从事旅游业的商人在湖中游泳的孩童的父母们在湖中打鱼(食用鱼)的人们,职场操守,EthicsgamewidelyusedinmajorcorporationsComplaintsandWhistle-blowing(Supervisortakescreditforanotherswork)Inadepartmentmeeting,yoursupervisortakescreditforsomeexcellentworkofacolleaguewhoisabsent.Whatdoyoudo?
职场操守,AnswerA:
Putthewordouttoyourfellowworkersastowhoreallydidthework.Comment:
0pointsItisthetruthbutcuttingthelegsoffyoursupervisorisneversmart.Disrespectisalsounethical.,职场操守,AnswerB:
Seekaprivatemeetingwiththesupervisorinordertomakesureyourcolleaguegetscredit,atleastinthesupervisorshead.Comment:
5pointsThiscanbedoneonlywithconsiderabletactonyourpartandunderstandingonthepartofthesupervisor.,职场操守,AnswerC:
Duringameetingwiththebigbossinadvertentlyletitslipthatyourcolleaguedidnotgetthecredithedeservedonarecentproject.Comment:
-5pointsIfitgetsbacktoyoursupervisor,youwillneverconvincehimitwasinadvertent-evenIdontbelieveitwasinadvertent.,职场操守,AnswerD:
Informyourcolleagueastowhattookplaceandlethimtakewhateveractionhedesires.Comment:
10pointsTheeasiestcourseofactionand,inthelongrun,thebest.Afterall,areyousureyouknowallthefactsandalltheramifications?
Itwasyourcolleaguewhowasinjured,notyou,soonlyheknowshowbadly.,职场操守,SigningoffonWorkYouaretheengineerresponsibleforthedesignofaproject.Asubcontractorhascompletedthedesigndrawings,butyoufeelthattherearesomeshortcomingsinthedrawings.Yourdivisionmanagerandthegovernmentrepresentative,whileconcedingthatthedrawingsarenotcompletelyaccurate,arepressuringyoutosignthedrawingsbecausefailuretomeetthebudgetmilestonewilljeopardizetheentireproject.Theyhaveassuredyouthatthecorrectionscanbemadeduringprojectconstruction.Whatshouldyoudo?
Youwanttobeknownasateamplayerandwanttopleaseyourmanagerandcustomer,soyoureluctantlysignthedrawings.Comment:
-20pointsNotonlyhaveyousetyourselfupforpotentialliabilities,butyouhavecompromisedtheintegrityandcredibilityofthecompany.,职场操守,AnswerB:
Yourefusetosignthedrawings,eventhoughyourealizethattheprojectmaybeterminated.Comment:
0pointsYouhaverefusedtocompromiseyourintegrity,butanimportantmultimilliondollarprojectmaycollapse.,职场操守,AnswerC:
Yousignthedrawingsbutdocumentyourconcernsinanattachmenttothedrawing.Comment:
10pointsAwisesolution.Youprotectyourselfandthecompanyfrompotentialliabilitywhilenotcompromisingyourintegrity.,职场操守,AnswerD:
YouaskforassistancefromtheEthicsOffice.Comment:
10pointsBycontactingtheEthicsOfficeyourconcernsaredocumented,andwithhelpfromtheEthicsOfficeyoushouldbeabletofindareasonablecompromise.,职场操守,AComplaintofRetributionforFollowingProceduresAqualityinspectorallegessheissufferingretributionbecauseshefollowsestablishedproceduresindocumentingalldefectivehardwareandnotpermittinghand-backs.AsheadofQuality,whatareyourviews?
Hand-backsallowtheproductionlinetofixthehardwareandkeeptheassemblylinegoing.Wevegotascheduletomeet.Comment:
-10pointsHand-backsarenothingmorethanYourubmybackandIllrubyoursanddontreflectacceptablequalityprocedure.Also,thispracticeunderminesoverallcorporatequalitypractice.,职场操守,AnswerB:
Wehavetoworkhand-in-glovewithproductionoperations.Notchargingthemforeverylittlemistakemakestheirrecordlookalittlebetter.Afterall,weareateam.Comment:
-10pointsAnygoodcompanywantsthequalitypeopleandtheproductionpeoplealltobepartofanoutstandingteam,notasloppyteam.,职场操守,AnswerC:
ImanexperiencedinspectorandIknowwhatsseriousandwhatisnt.Thereallyseriouscasesaretheoneswewanttomakesurewedocument.Comment:
-10pointsGettingclosecountsonlyinhorseshoes.Whatyouresuggestingisthateveryqualityinspectorsethisorherownstandards-whichdefeatsthepurposeofqualitystandards.,职场操守,AnswerD:
Thepolicystatesallwillbedocumented-andthatmeansall.Comment:
10pointsThequalityprocessstrivesforperfection,100percentofthetime.Theintegrityoftheprocessdemandsreportingwheneveritfallsshortofthatgoal.,职场操守,IntellectualProperty:
APatentableDeviceWhileworkingforyourcompany,youinventadevicethathasapotentialformakingyouwealthy.Youusedthecompanyslabandtestfacilitiesbutdidtheworkonyourowntime.Whatdoyoudowithyourinvention?
Takeittothelegaldepartmentfordeterminationofownershiprightsandappropriatedisposition.Comment:
10pointsThisisthecompanypolicy.,职场操守,AnswerB:
Seealocalattorneyandhavehimfileforapatentinyourname.Comment:
-10pointsThisresponseviolatescompanypolicy.,职场操守,AnswerC:
Submityourinventionforconsiderationforawardinyourcompanysideascountprogram.Comment:
5pointsThisisastepintherightdirection;
maygetthemattertolegal,certainlyisnotwrong.,职场操守,AnswerD:
Contactthosecompanieswhowouldhaveinterestinyourinventionandsellittothehighestbidder.Comment:
-10pointsThisviolatescompanypolicy.,职场操守,QuestionsofBribesorConflictofInterestAfineLinebetweenoptimismandlyingAdefenseprogramhasnotyetbeenformallyapprovednorhavethefundsbeenallocated.Nevertheless,becauseitalllooksgoodandyouneedtogetstartedinordertomeetschedule,youstartnegotiatingwithasupplier.Whatdoyoutellthesupplier?
Thisisahotprogramforbothofus.Approvalisimminent.Letsgetallthepreliminaryworkunderway.Comment:
0pointsAvoidstheissues.Agoodsupplierwouldhavemanyquestions.,职场操守,AnswerB:
Theprogramisago.Iwantyouundercontractassoonaspossible.Comment:
-10pointsIssooptimisticitbordersonmisrepresentation.Inthiscase,optimismislyingspelleddifferently.,职场操守,AnswerC:
Startworkandwewillcoveryourcostswhenwegetthecontract.Comment:
-20pointsCouldbeillegal.,职场操守,AnswerD:
Ifyouwanttobepartoftheteamonthisimportantgreatprogram,you,likeus,willhavetoshouldersomeofthestart-upcosts.Comment:
10pointsTellsitlikeitis.,职场操守,AggressionfromyoursupervisorYouareaqualityinspector.Aftermakingyourowncalculations,youdisagreewithyoursupervisorastotheacceptablequalityoftheitemyouhavebeenaskedtopassthrough.Witharolled-upnewspaperinhishand,yoursupervisorswingsitinyourdirection,hittingthebackofthechairyouaresittingin.Whatdoyoudo?
Swingbackathim.Comment:
-10pointsWhystooptohislevel?
职场操守,AnswerB:
Stateunequivocallythatsuchbehaviorisunacceptableinbusinessandadvisehimyouintendtotakethismatterupwiththemanager,towhomyoubothreport.Comment:
10pointsNotonlywillthisresponsegettheitemathird-partyinspection,butitwillalsoputyoursupervisoronnoticethatyoudontaccepthisaction.,职场操守,AnswerC:
GetupandgostraighttotheEEOoffice.Comment:
5pointsThisisyourprivilege,butitdoesntsolvethequalityproblem.TheEqualEmploymentOfficeorEqualOpportunityOfficehandlescomplaintsofdiscriminationfromemployeesandismostappropriatelyusedifanemployeesuspec