基础英语2主编何兆熊Unit8FocusonGlobalWarming课后练习答案文档格式.docx
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1）thecausesoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere（Paragraphs3and4）
2）theeffectofsuchconcentrationonclimatechange（Paragraphs5and6）
3）thepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival（Paragraph7）
Partone.Vocabulary
1Phrase
1.withtheexceptionof:
except,apartfrom除……之外，不包括……在内
2.Inessence=essentially,basically本质上，根本上
3.whereverpossible:
wheneveritispossible只要可能
4.overthelongterm:
overalongperiod从长远看
5.alternative=substitutable,different,replaceable
II.
1.focus;
2.muchthesame;
3.consciousness;
4.threat;
5.deserved;
6.decomposed;
7.revealed;
8.frequent.
III.Wordderivation
Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Hernaturalgoodsensewasimprovedbytheperusal（peruse）ofthebestbooks.
2.Effortstoreachtheinjuredmenhavebeenintensified（intense）becauseofasuddendeteriorationofweatherconditions.
3.Iknewhedeservedtobepunishedbutmakinghimstayineverynightforayearisalittleexcessive（excess）.
4.Theoriesoftheoriginoflifearepartlyspeculative（speculate）,sincethereissolittledirectevidenceavailable.
5.Thisisabookthatcontainsanabundance（abundant）ofvaluableinformation.
6.Thecostoftheflights,accommodationandcarrentalistwothousanddollarsinclusive（include）.
7.Whenanironobjectisheatedinafire,itglowsredandemits（emission）radiation.
8.WehardlyevergointoLondon.Whateverweneedwecanbuylocally（local）.
1.perusev.熟读，精读
perusaln.熟读，精读；
仔细研究
e.g.他每天都要读各种报纸。
Heperusedthenewspaperseveryday.
2.intensea.强烈的，剧烈的，热烈的
intensifyv.增强，强化；
加剧
intensiven.强烈的；
密集的
intensificationn.增强，加强，强化
e.g.我的工作非常紧张，以至于我没有时间休息。
MyworkissointensethatIevenhavenotimetotakearest.
我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。
Myfirstfailureonlyintensifiedmydesiretosucceed.
我们有十天的强化训练。
Wehavetendaysofintensivetraining.
3.excessa.过量的，额外的
excessivea.过多的，过分的
e.g.这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
Thefatboywentonadiettogetridofhisexcessweight.
4.speculatev.推测，好奇
speculationn.沉思，推测；
投机
speculativea.推测的，推理的；
投机的
speculatorn.投机者，投机商人
e.g.我猜想的全错了。
Myspeculationsprovedtotallywrong.
他是一个冷酷的投机者。
Heisaruthlessspeculator.
5.abundanta.丰富的，充裕的
abundancen.丰富，充裕
abundantlyad.大量地，丰富地
e.g.今年的农产品很丰富。
Theagriculturalcommoditiesareabundantthisyear.
这个国家拥有丰富的资源。
Thiscountryhasanabundanceofvaluableresources.
6.includev.包括，包含
includingprep.包含，包括
inclusivea.包含……在内的，包罗广泛的
e.g.账单中包含服务费。
Thebillincludesservice.
他们有很多宠物，狗就有三只。
Theyhavemanypets,includingthreedogs.
7.emissionn.散发；
发射
emitv.发出，放射；
吐露
e.g.干酪散发出强烈的气味。
Thecheesewasemittingastrongsmell.
8.locala.地方性的；
当地的，局部的
locallyad.在本地，在当地
e.g.当地大多数的居民靠打渔为生。
Mostofthelocalpopulationdependonfishingfortheirincome.
1.A;
2.D;
3.B;
4.C;
5.D;
6.A;
7.C;
8.A.
V.Synonym/Antonym
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Globalwarmingresultsprimarilyfromhumanactivitiesthatreleaseheat-trappinggasesandparticlesintotheair.
Synonym:
mainly,basically,firstly
2.Fortunately,wecantakeactionstoslowdownglobalwarming.
Antonym:
unfortunately,unluckily
3.Themostimportantcausesincludetheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoal,gas,andoil,anddeforestation.
exclude
4.Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelibraryandperusedtheperiodicalsectionforarticlesonglobalwarming,you’dprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazine.
part,division
5.That’sanincreaseofroughly1°
Cevery4,000years.
decrease,lowering
6.Muchoftheavailableclimatedataappeartobackthesefears.
unavailable
7.Allacrosstheglobe,hottersummerscouldleadtomorecasesofheatstrokeanddeathsamongthosewhoarevulnerable,suchasolderpeoplewithheartproblems.
weak,insecure,unsafe
8.…thingslikecleancarsthatrunonalternativefuels,environmentallyresponsiblerenewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingtheclear-cuttingofvaluableforests.
irresponsible
VI.Prefix
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.centigradecentimeter
2.kilogramkilometer
3.synopsissynthetic
4.supervisesuperior
5.submarinesubmerge
6.astronautastronomy
7.microbiologymicrowave
8.overworkoverload
1.Explanation:
centi-:
onehundredth
e.g.centigram,centiliter,centimeter
2.Explanation:
kilo-:
onethousand
e.g.kilowatt,kilobyte,kilohertz
3.Explanation:
syn-:
synonymous
e.g.synonym,synonymy,synchronous
4.Explanation:
super-:
extremely,moreorbetterthannormal
e.g.superhuman,supercomputer,superconductor,superego
5.Explanation:
sub-:
below;
lessthan;
under
e.g.sub-zero,subway,subset
6.Explanation:
astro-:
connectedwiththestarsorouterspace
e.g.astrophysics,astrology,astronomer
7.Explanation:
micro-:
small;
onasmallscale
e.g.microchip,micro-organism,microbe,microcosm
8.Explanation:
over-:
morethanusual;
toomuch
e.g.overconfident,overanxious,over-optimistic
IIGrammarExercises
1.Thepresentperfecttensevs.thesimplepasttense
Thesimplepastreferstothedefinitepast.Thepresentperfectrefersto“thepastwithpresentrelevance.”Theactionorstatedenotedbythepresentperfecttense,thoughreferringtosomeindefinitehappeninginthepast,hassomeconnectionwiththepresent.Hence,ifanactionorstatehappenedinthepastandhasnoconnectionwiththepresent,itwillhavetobeexpressedbythesimplepast.
Compare:
Hisfatherhasbeenateacherallhislife.（Hisfatherisstillalive.）
Hisfatherwasateacherallhislife.（Hisfatherisnowdead.）
I.Completethefollowingsentencesusingtheappropriateverbforms.
1.began//havehad
2.A:
Have//talked
B:
Havetalked//talked
3.He__hasinvented__（invent）hundredsofthings.Heisoneofthemostproductiveinventorsofourgeneration.
4.have//telephoned//went
5.havebeen
6.hasgot（gotten）
7.hasbeen
8.haveforgotten
9.A:
Isyourfatherathome?
No,I’mafraidhe___hasgone____（go）out.
A:
Whenexactly__didhego___（he,go）out?
Abouttenminutesago.
10.was//hasdisappeared.
1.a.simplepresentform;
b.“hasobtained”.
2.synonymousa.thespeaker’spointofview;
b.thelistener’sperspective.
3.a.definite;
b.indefinite
4.a.stillsuffering;
b.past
5.a.onthewayorinItaly;
b.leftItaly.
6.a.inthemorning;
b.afterthemorning
7.a.todayisnotfinishedandhemaydrinkmore;
b.simplyhappenedtoday.
8.a.passedaway;
b.stillliving.
1.havehad--have
2.havebeen–be
3.laying–lying
4.bore–bear
5.Rang--Rung
6.rised–risen
7.had–has
2.Connectives（because,as,since,seeingthat,for,becauseof）
Becauseisgenerallyusedwhenthereasonisthemostimportantpartofthesentence.
Asandsinceareusedwhenthereasonisalreadywellknown,orislessimportantthantherestofthesentence.Sinceisalittlemoreformalthanas.Asandsinceclausesoftenbeginthesentence.Clausesofcause-resultareintroducedbybecauseoras.
Seeingthatmeansthesameassince.Itisusedonlyininformalspeech.
Forsuggeststhatthereasonisgivenasanafterthought.Forclausesnevercomeatthebeginningofthesentence.
Thephrasebecause
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