福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案Word文档下载推荐.doc

福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案Word文档下载推荐.doc

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答案

F

T

1.Sometimesboundmorphemescanbeusedbythemselves.

2.Thereisathree-wordsentencestageinfirstlanguageacquisition.

3.Asimplesentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.

4.Alocutionaryactistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexicon,andphonology.

5.Languageisentirelyarbitrary.

6.ThenamingtheoryofmeaningwasproposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato.

7.Compoundingistheadditionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords.

8.Allutterancestaketheformofsentences.

9.Suffixesmodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.

10.Themostbasicelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledmorpheme.

II.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatement.（1.5*10=15）

C

A

D

B

1.Thepharynxreferstothespaceofcavitybetweenthelarynxandtheendof____.

A.tongueB.hardpalateC.softpalateD.vocalcords

2.Morphemesthatrepresent“tense”,“number”,“gender”,“case”andsofortharecalled____morphemes.

A.inflectionalB.boundC.freeD.derivational

3.Thefactthatabilitytospeakalanguageistransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationbyaprocessoflearning,andnotgeneticallyisusuallyreferredtoas____.

A.performanceB.languageacquisition

C.culturaltransmissionD.competence

4.Thesound[s]and[z]aretheresultsofairescapingunderfricationbetweentongueand____beforepassingthroughtheteeth.

A.hardpalateB.uvulaC.alveolarridgeD.softpalate

5.____dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.LinguisticgeographyB.Appliedlinguistics

C.SociolinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

6.Vowelsthatareproducedbetweenthepositionsforafrontandbackvowelarecalled____vowels.

A.openB.closeC.frontD.central

7、______isdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulating

knowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschool

settings.

A.CompetenceB.Performance

C.LearningD.Acquisition

8、______acttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmatic

studyoflanguage.

A.SpeakingB.SpeechC.SoundD.Spoken

9.A______analysisofanutterancewillrevealwhatthe

speakerintendstodowithit.

A.semanticB.syntacticC.pragmaticD.grammatical

10.Themostbasicelementofmeaningistraditionallycallen______

A.morphemeB.syntacticC.pragmaticD.grammatical

III.Dissectthefollowingwordsintomorphemes.（2*5=10）

1.though______________________

考核知识点：

morpheme，参见P19-22

2.speeches______________________

3.geography______________________

4、morpheme______________________

5、syntactic______________________

IV.Definethefollowingterms.（5*6=30）

1.thetelegraphicstage

languageacquisition，参见P48

2.language

language，参见P3

3.discreteness

discreteness参见P9

4.vowel

vowel，参见P14

5.internalstructure

internalstructure，参见P22

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（15*2=30）

1.Whydowesaylanguageisarbitrary?

arbitrary，参见P5

参考答案要点：

Arbitrarinessinnarrowsensereferstothelackofphysical，logicalornaturalconnection（i．e．theinexplicabilityoftherelationship）betweenindividuallinguisticsymbolsandthemeaningstheysymbolize．Weknowpeopleuselinguisticsymbolswhichareoriginallymeaninglesstorefertosomethingmeaningful．Thereisnophysical，’logicalornaturalconnectionbetweenthesymbolicsignsusedinlanguageandthemeaningtheystandfor．Itisinexplicable．Wecan’texplainwhytheEnglishpeopleuse‘'

water'

’torefertothestuffinthisbottle．Similarly,wecan’texplainwhytheChinesepeopleuse“水”torefertothestuff．Solanguageisarbitraryinnature．

2.What’sthedifferencebetweenlangueandparole?

langueandparole，参见P3-10

Languageisfullofvarieties：

notwospeakersspeakinanidenticalmanner；

notwospeakershaveanidenticallearningexperience．

Languageconsistsinitsvarieties，thatistosay,languageisrealizedthroughitsvarieties（cp．therelation．betweenfruitandapple，betweenphonemeandallophonesandphonesandbetweenlangueandparole．

福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案二

I.Decidewhethereachstatementistrue（T）orfalse（F）.（15points,1.5pointsforeach）

1、Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage..

2、Languageisnotonlylinearly-structured.

3、Linguisticperformanceisessentiallyasocialphenomenonandalsoacontext-dependentbehavior.

4、Generallinguisticsstudiesthebasicconcepts,theories,

5、descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicablearenotinanylinguisticstudy.

6、Somelanguagesarenotsuperiortootherlanguages.

7、Compoundingistheadditionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords.

8、Notallutterancestaketheformofsentences.

9、Morphemesmodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.

10、Themostbasicelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledmorphe.

参考答案：

1-5FTFTF 

6-10TFTTF 

II.ChoosetheONEchoicethatbestcompleteseachstatement.（20points,2pointsforeach）

1.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?

_______.

A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation

B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings

C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage

D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse

参考答案B

2.Thepairofwords"

lend"

and"

borrow"

are___.

A.gradableoppositesB.relationalopposites

C.co-hyponymsD.synonyms

3.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar.

A.JacobGrimmB.RasmusRask

C.FranzBoppD.SirWilliamJones

参考答案D

4.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.

A.unusualB.somethingtobefeared

C.abnormalD.natural

5.__producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.

A.Broca"

saphasicB.Thelinguisticdeprivation

C.ThedamageontheangulargyrusD.Wernicke"

saphasic

6.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay"

night"

as"

light"

.Thisshows:

.

A.Theycannotpronounce/n/

B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongue

C.Theteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod

D.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds

7..Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__word.

A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultiple

参考答案A

8..Thefunctionofthesentence"

Aniceday,isn"

tit?

"

is__.

A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative

9.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.

A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure

参考答案C

10.__dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.

A.LinguisticgeographyB.Lexicology

C.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics

III.Defineeachofthefollowingterms.（30points,6pointsforeach）

1.phonetics

phonetics，参见P12

2.phoneme

phoneme，参见P16

3.stress

stress，参见P17

4.reference

reference，参见P35

5.idiolect

idiolect，参见P41

Answerthefollowingquestions.（35points）

1.How,inyouropinion,doespragmaticsdifferfromsemantics?

pragmaticsandsemantics，参见P28-35

Pragmaticsisthestudyofthemeaningwhichisnotincludedinsemanticsandwhoseinterpretationisdependentonitssocialcontexts．

Semanticsisthescienceofmeaning．Semanticsisconcemedt11encodinganddecodingofmeaning，（findingouthowpeopleencodetheirmeaningandhowpeopletrytointerprettheirmeaning），identifyingandclassifyingmeanings，lexicalmeaning，sententialmeaning，andutterance

2.What’sthedifferencebetweensenseandreference?

senseandreference，参见P35

Therearetwodifferentmeaningsofmeaning：

sense（themeaningthatrelateslinguisticformswithwhatisinthenon．1inguisticworld）andreference（themeaningthatliesintherelationorcontrastsamonglinguisticformsthemselves，i．e．howthemeaningsaredividedbythedifferentlinguisticforms／howdifferentlinguisticformsmaybeusedtoexpressmeanings）．

3.Explainlanguageproductionwithsomeexamples.

languageproduction，参见P51

Languageproductionismoredifficulttostudythanlanguagecomprehensionforthefollowingreasons：

thewaythoughtsareturnedintospeech（Wedon’tknowhowthoughtsareturnedintospeech．）；

indirectapproachthroughanalyzingerrorsinspeechproduction（Wecanonlyusethisindirectapproachtoinferfromtheseerrorshowweproducespeech．）

FollowingCarroll’smodelofspeechproduction,therearefourstages：

constructionofthought