英国文学第二次课Word格式文档下载.docx

英国文学第二次课Word格式文档下载.docx

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1.masterofEnglishprose

2.mastersatiristhisironyisdeadly,andpowerful

3.hasnodifficultyinfindingwordstoexpressexactlytheimpressionwhichhewishestoconvey

HenryFielding:

1.thestoryistolddirectlybytheauthor.Enablestheauthortodevelophisnarrativeinthefullest,freest.2.satireaboundseverywhere.3.thepurposeisnotonlytoamuse,butalsotoinstruct.4.amasterofstyle.Easy,familiarbutvividandvigorous.“fatheroftheEnglishnovel”

WilliamBlake:

songsofinnocencepoemswhichwereapparentlywrittenforchildren.Languageiseasy.Depictthehappyconditionofachildbeforeitknowsanythingaboutthepainsofexistence.

Songsofexperience,amuchmaturework,showthesufferingsofthemiserable.Thecontrastbetweenthesetwocollectionsisofgreatsignificance.Itmarksaprogressinthepoet’soutlookonlife.

Blake’sposition:

opposedtotheclassicaltraditionofthatage.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.HisrevolutionarypassioncameneartothatofShelley.Heiscalledapre-romanticoraforerunneroftheRomanticpoetryofthe19thcentury.

RobertBurns:

subjects1.heisrememberedmainlyforhissongswrittenintheScottishdialectonavarietyofsubjects.Thesesongsspeakstraightfromtheheartofaplowmantoexpressinsimplestworksthecommonfeelingsofmillionsofworkingpeople.2.ofloveandfriendship.3.songsofpatriotism4.outspokensupporteroftheFrenchRevolution.5.sympathyforthemiseriesoftheslaves.7.humorandlightheartednessandsatire.

Position:

nationalpoetofScotlandapoetofthepeasants.apoetofthepeople.Comprehensiveknowledgeandexcellentmasteryoftheoldsongtradition.

Romanticism:

Romanticismwasamovementinliteraturethatcameintobeinginthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturyanddominatedmuchofEuropeancultureinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.Itwascharacterizedbyrelianceontheimaginationandsubjectivityofnature.Theromantichadapersistentinterestinthemedievalliterature.TheFrenchphilosopher,Rousseau,isgenerallyregardedasthefatherofromanticism.WilliamWordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeats.

ThepublicationofTheLyricalBalladsbyWordsworthandColeridgemarksthebeginningoftheRomanticAge.

Wordsworththinks“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling.”

JaneAusten:

CharacteristicsofJaneAusten’snovels

1.hersubjectmattersarenarrowed,chieflyaboutthegentryclassfamilyinsmalltowns

2.sheisnotedforherkeenobservationofsociallife,superbwritingtechniquesandgreatoriginality

3.herfavoritesubjectsaremoneyandmarriage.

4.herstyleiseasy.Plotistightandwelldesigned.

ThethemeofherPrideandPrejudice

1.prideandprejudiceprideandprejudicemaypreventpeoplefromseeingthetruthandfromachievinghappinessinlife.

2.loveandmarriage

a.thereismarriagemerelyformoneyandsocialrank

b.merelyforbeauty,attractionandpassion

c.idealmarriage

WalterScott:

historicalnovelisthisdeathmaymarktheendofRomanticism

Hishistoricalnovelscouldbedividedintothreetypes:

1.onthehistoryofScotland

3.onthehistoryofEngland3.onotherEuropeancountries.

Realism:

amodeofwritingthatgivestheimpressionofrecordingorreflectingfaithfullyanactualwayoflife.Itmaybefoundasanelementinmanykindsofwritingpriortothe19thcentury;

butasadominantliterarytrenditisassociatedchieflywiththe19thcenturynovelofmiddleorlowerclasslife.

Literaryfeaturesoftherealisticperiod:

1.novels2.paidmoreattentiontotheproblemsofthepublic3manywriterswrotewithapurposetoawakenpeople’sconsciousnessandtobringaboutreforms.

FeaturesofVictoriannovels:

1.astrongsenseofthepast2.weredeeplyconcernedwiththeterriblelivingandworkingconditionsoftheworkers3.thebackgroundwasbroaderthanthatofformernovelsandtheplotismorecomplicated4.hadmoralpurpose5.werepublishedinserialforminmagazinesbeforetheyappearedinbookform.

CharlesDickens:

hisliterarycareercouldberoughlydividedinto3periods.1.hebelievedalltheevilsoftheCapitalistworldwouldberemediedifonlymenbehavedtoeachotherwithkindliness,justiceandsympatheticunderstanding.2.hisnaï

veoptimismaboutcapitalistsocietywasprofoundlyshaken.3.novelsweremuch“darker”incontentthantheirpredecessors.ThenovelsshowedhislossofhopeforEnglishbourgeoissociety.

CharacteristicsofCharles’snovels:

1.giveavividpictureoftheeverydaylifeoftheordinarypeopleofhistime.2.helikestodescribethegrotesquecharactersandscenes3.likescomplicatedplots.Difficult4.manynovelsendhappily.5.pathosisadistinctivequalityinhiswritings.

CharlotteBronteandherJaneEyre

Theme:

1.loveandindependence.“Iammyhusband’slifeasfullasheismine”“youthinkwrong!

–Ihaveasmuchsoulasyou—andfullasmuchheart!

AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeautyandmuchwealth,Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleaveme,asitisnowformetoleaveyou.”2.genderrelationsshestrugglestoachieveequalityandovercomedomination.BerthaMasonimpedesherhappiness,butshealsocatalysesthegrowthofJane’sself-understanding.

ThethemeofEmilyBronte’sWutheringHeights1.asaromanticstory2.atragedyofsocialinequality3.thedestructionandre-establishmentofharmony.

The20thcentury

Modernism:

itisaveryvagueandconfusingterm.Inliterature,itincludesvariousmodernschoolssuchasimagism,cubism,surrealism,symbolism,expressionism,Dadaism,streamofconsciousnessandexistentialism.ItisacleardeparturefromtheestablishedvaluesoftheVictorianageasitisopposedtotheconventionalrealisticmethodsofliterarycreation,seeksforsthnewandoriginalandadvocatesreformsinliterature.Alienationandlonelinessofthemodernmanarethefavoritethemesofmodernisticwriters.

ThomasHardy

NovelofCharacterandEnvironment人物与环境小说

Hardy’slanguage:

a.thesimplicityofacountryman’sspeech（Hesharedtheexactanddetailedknowledgeandtheintimatefeelingsofhisfellowcountrymen.）

b.thesophisticatedvocabularyofaneducatedman（Heissuperiortomostcountrypeople,hestooddetachedfromthemandsawintheiractionsasignificancetheycouldnotperceive.）

c.symbolism（manyobjects,naturalphenomenaandcharactersinthenovelsaregivensymbolicmeanings.）

UnlikeDickens,mostofHardy’snovelsaretragic.Thecauseoftragedyisnotman’sownbehaviourorhisownfaultbutthesupernaturalforcesthatrulehisfate.AccordingtoHardy,manisnotthemasterofhisdestiny;

Heisatthemercyofindifferentforceswhichmanipulatehisbehaviorandhisrelationstoothers.Thisreflectshispetty-bourgeoisoutlook.Hardycouldnotunderstandthatitwasnotfate,buttheunfavorableconditionsofcapitalismwhichwereresponsibleforthetragiclivesofthepeoplewhomhedescribedinhisbooks.

Tess:

agirlfullofcontradictoryemotionsandactions.sheisindependentandeasilyvictimized.Sheisoverburdenedwithresponsibilitiesforherfamilyandherlovedones.Aloftysoul

AngelClare:

seemskind,honorableandbright.SharessometraitswithAlec.Self-centered.somesayitisAngelratherthanAlecdestroysTess.

Alec:

causesthedownfallofTess.Hesymbolizestheforcesoflifethatdriveapersonawayfrommoralperfectionandgreatness.

OscarWilde:

Aestheticism:

duringthelastdecadesofthe19thcentury,aestheticismflourishedinoppositiontoVictorianmoralearnestness.Theysupportedtheprincipleof“artforart’ssake”andadvocatedtheindependenceofartandliteraturefromanymoralordidacticend.Asaresult,theirideasledthemtodecadenceandhedonism.WalterPaterandOscarWilde

BloomsburyGroup:

itisanamegiventoagroupoffriendswhooftengatheredtogetheratVirginiaWoolf’shouseinBloomburydistrictofLondoninthelate1910s.thisinformalassociationwasestablishedonthebasisoffriendshipandcommoninterestinartandliterature.Theyheldthatthemostvaluablethingsarethepleasuresofhumanintercourseandtheenjoymentofbeautifulobjects.TheyshowedtheirdistinctantipathytowardtherespectablesocietyinLondon,advocatedliberalisminpoliticsandeducation,foughtforthefreedomofwomenandthecolonialpeople,andemphasizedtheimportanceofharmonybetweenspirituallifeandmaterialcivilizationintheirworks.VirginiaWoolf,EdwardMorganForster,etc.

Streamofconsciousness:

thetermwascoinedbyWilliamJames,anAmericanphilosopherandpsychologist.Inliterature,itisatechniquefirstusedinnarrativefictioninthelate19thcenturytoevincesubjectiveaswellasobjectivereality.Itisanattemptespeciallyinnovelwritingtocreatetheactualflow,patternandsenseofthoughtortodescribeexperiencesasitisfelt.JamesJoyce,VirginiaWoolfandWilliamFaulkner.