过去分词用法授课学案课堂使用Word格式文档下载.docx
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4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
观察以上句子,充当定语的过去分词和所修饰词之间是___________关系。
尝试比较以下句子
Thelibrarybuiltlastyearisagreatattractioninthetown.
Thelibrarytobebuiltnextyearwillbeagreatattractioninthetown.
Thelibrarybeingbuiltnowwillbeagreatattractioninthetown.
你发现什么了吗?
______________________________________________________________________。
位置:
过去分词可以置于所修饰词前面或后面。
1.置于所修饰词前:
单个的过去分词一般置于所修饰词前,其中及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成,如a组,也可能只表示被动或完成如b,c组,而不及物动词的过去分词仅仅表示完成意义。
a.abrokenheart,theaffectedperson,usedbooks,thelosttime
b.spokenEnglish.writtenexercise
c.fallenleaves,boiledwater,adevelopedcountry,aretiredteacher,areturnedoverseasChinese,arisensun
2.注意一些含有过去分词的合成词
(这些分词本来充当定语吗?
)
newlylaideggs
untoldsufferings
ablue-eyedgirl
unfinishedwork/finishedwork
athree-leggedtable
kind-heartedpeople
3.置于所修饰词后:
过去分词短语一般后置做定语,也有少数特殊的单个过去分词后置做定语,如given,left,concerned。
ThestorywrittenbyMaryispopularamongherfriends.
Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard.
4.过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。
Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.
这些书是郭敬明写的,深受青少年的喜爱。
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他们中的一些人,在农村出生并长大,从没过北京.
5.表示人心情、感受的过去分词也可以充当定语,一般修饰face,expression,look,voice等替代人的词汇,来体现所修饰词主人公本身的心情。
此时要学会和这些动词的现在分词区分开。
hersurprisedlookhersurprisinglook
anastonishedfaceanastonishingface
aterrifiedvoiceaterrifyingvoice
练一练
1.Thebook_____________________(一本农民写的书)isverypopular.
2.Thebuilding____________________(去年建的楼房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.
3.Theproblem___________________________(在昨天会议上讨论的)wasverydifficulttosolve.
4.Thewindow___________________被那个顽皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.
5.Thechildren___________________________昨天在医院检查的)wereseriouslyill.
6.Thepeople___________________________(暴露在阳光下的)gotsunburnt.
7.Theboy______________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的)isnowacollegestudent.
8.Thewater___________________________(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.
9.TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglish_____________________(300年前所说的).
10.Mostoftheartists________________(被邀请去参加聚会的)werefromSouthAfrica.
11.Thestudents__________________(受到老师鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.
真题体验
TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生,与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.
Consolidation巩固
1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying
2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown
C.tobeknownD.known
4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;
willcalllater.”
A.pin,readB.pinning,reading
C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read
现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义.
现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或完成.
amovingmovie 感人的电影
amovedaudience 被感动的观众
boilingwater 正在烧(煮沸)的水
boiledwater 已煮沸的水
developingcountries反展中国家
developedcountries发达国家
fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)
fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)
Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.
ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.
TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet.
二、过去分词表语S+BE/LINK-V+P.P(get,feel,seem,look,become,remain)
1.表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。
如:
amused,inspired,astonished,encouraged,frightened,shocked,delighted,disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。
Thewindowisbroken.窗户碎了。
Don’tgetsoexcited.别这么激动。
Theshopremainedshut.
惯用句型:
Sb.Be/get/link-v+P.P.某人觉得/变得…..
Sb.Be/get/link-v+P.P.+todosth.因做……而感到……
2.和被动语态的区别
a.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱,主要表示动作的完成和状态,此时相当于一个形容词。
b.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者,后面常跟by短语。
①Theglassisbroken.
TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.
②Thewindowsareclosed.
ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.
3.注意以下表达:
Springisgoneandsummeriscome.春天走了夏天来了。
Thesunisalreadyset.太阳下山了。
这些表示位置移动的不及物动词的过去分词表示动作的完成,不表示被动!
作表语练习:
Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
该题考查分词作表语的用法。
“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。
此题被动结构作表语。
类似的有:
getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.
1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.
A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted
2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.
A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost
3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.
A.disappointing;
disappointedatB.disappointing;
disappointedabout
C.disappointing;
disappointedwithD.disappointed;
disappointingby
第二讲、过去分词作宾补用法归纳
英语中过去分词可作宾补,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。
做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系,表一种状态。
一些表示感觉的动词feel,hear,notice,listento,see,observe,smell,watch以及表示“使、让”的动词have,get,leave,keep,set之后,可跟不定式和分词做宾补,当宾补是过去分词时,宾语和宾补之间存在动宾关系,即“被动”关系。
一.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:
Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.
Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.(谚语:
少说多看)
Don'
tleavesuchanimportantthingundone.
tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.
二.过分词用在get,have,make的后面。
在have,get两个词后面,可以用动词的P.P形式做宾补,表示特殊含义。
Iamgoingtohavethelettermailed.我要去寄信。
Togetone`shaircut/one`scomputerrepaired去理发/去修电脑
1.注意“have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:
A)表"
让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"
eg:
Ihavehadmybikerepaired.
Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.
B)表"
遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受....影响,蒙受.....损失"
(其他使役动词无此用法)
Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.
Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.
Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.
2."
make+宾语+过去分词"
在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。
TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodinverysimpleEnglish.
Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected,youareabovealltorespectothers.
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。
如
Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.
Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.
Hefelthimselfcheated.
Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarriedoutthenextyear.
四、过去分词用在want,wish,like,expect等表示“希望,愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。
Thebosswouldn'
tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.
Iwouldlikemyhousepaintedwhite.
Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.
Iwishtheproblemsettled.
还有那些动词有此用法?
__________________________
五、过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.
Withmanybrightly-coloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.
Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.
注意:
主语补足语:
把含有宾补的句子改成被动句,原来的宾补就变成了主补,如
Theboywasfoundlostandcouldnotfindhiswayhome.
Almostnostudentisseenpunishedinthisschool.
Thismanwasfoundguiltywhenalltheevidencewascollected.
六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补:
宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。
其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补:
宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。
其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补:
表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
Hedidn'
tnoticemewaiting.
IheardthesongsunginEnglish.
Isawhimopeningthewindow.
Isawthewindowopened.
Isawhimopenthewindow.
IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.
专项训练1:
1._________pooratEnglish,I'
mafraidIcan'
tmakemyself__________.
A.Tobe;
understandB.I'
m;
tounderstand
C.Being;
understandingD.Being;
understood
2.Ihavehadmybike___,andI'
mgoingtohavesomebody___myradiotomorrow.
A.repair;
torepairB.repairing;
toberepaired
C.repaired;
repairD.torepair;
repairing
3.Youmustgetthework___beforeFriday.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
4.___theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.
A.Entering;
stealingB.Entering;
gone
C.Tohaveentered;
beingstolenD.Havingentered;
tobestolen
5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.
A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling
6.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.
A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired
7.Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.
A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup
(putaway放好,储存...备用,处理掉,放弃,抛弃)
8.Idon'
twantthechildren___outinsuchweather.
A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking
9.I'
mafraidthatIcan'
tmakemyself___becauseofmypoorEnglish.
A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
专项训练2:
1.Wefoundhergreatly_