杭师大招考硕士研究生入学课程二四三试题Word格式.docx

杭师大招考硕士研究生入学课程二四三试题Word格式.docx

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Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

IsYourLifeWorth30MinutesaDay?

Don’tbeafraidoftheEword—itcouldmeanyoursurvival.Peoplewhoaren’tengaginginregularexercisecanreapsignificanthealthbenefitsiftheyaccumulate30minutesofmoderate-intensityphysicalactivitymostdaysoftheweek.

Whatcanhelppreventstroke（中风）,heartdiseaseandsomecancer?

Whatcanliftdepression，easearthritis（关节炎）painandincreaseboththelengthandqualityoflife—tonamejustafewofitsbenefits?

“Ifpackedintoapill,”sumsupDr.RobertButler,formerdirectoroftheNationalInstituteonAging,“itwouldbethesinglemostwidelyprescribed（写处方）andbeneficialmedicineinthenation.“Bestofall,itisfreeandavailabletoeveryone.”

ExerciseCanHelpPeopleStayHealthy

Giveup?

TheansweristheEword:

exercise.Butyoudon’thavetochangeintogymshortsor,heavenforbid,sweatforanhour.Instead,theU.S.SurgeonGeneral’sreportPhysicalActivityandHealthoffersthissimpleexerciseprescription:

peoplewhoaren’tengaginginregularexercisecanreapsignificanthealthbenefitsiftheyaccumulate30minutesofmoderate-intensityphysicalactivitymostdaysoftheweek.

AmericansExpendMuchLessEnergyandTimeonExercise

Americanstodayexpendmuchlessenergythandidpreviousgenerations,perhapsasmuchasafewhundredcaloriesperdayless.Allthe“advances”thatmakeourliveseasier—likee-commerce（电子商务）,andautomaticdoors—contributetothecurrentepidemic（流行病）ofobesity（肥胖）andrelateddisease.

Expertssaythatifyouexpendjusttenextracaloriesadaybybeingmoreactive,overayearyoucanloseapound—mostlyfat.Andifyouburn150extracaloriesaday—theequivalentofa30-minutes’walk—inayearthat’stenpounds.（Ifyoualsoeat150caloriesless—that’sabouthalfacandybar—youcouldloseanadditionaltenpounds.）

Thesadfactisthatonlyabout15percentofAmericanadultsengageregularlyinvigorousphysicalactivityforatleast20minutesthreetimesaweek.Morethan60percentarenotregularlyphysicallyactive,and25percentaretotallysedentary（久坐的）.

TheBenefitofModerateExercise

Yetthebenefitsofmoderateexerciseareamazing.Considerhowexercisehelpsthefollowing:

diabetes（糖尿病）.ThenumberofAmericansdiagnosedwithdiabeteshasincreasedsixfoldsince1958,toarecordhighoftenmillionpresentedby.Thisalarmingriseislinkedtoourexpandingwaistlines,junkfooddietandinactivity.Someexpertsfeelthatthemostcommonformofdiabetesispreventablewithaproperdiet—andregularactivity.Indiabetics,thehormoneinsulin（荷尔蒙胰岛素）doesnotproperlyregulateglucose（葡萄糖）levelsintheblood.Whenpeopleexercise,thebodyfuelstheactivitybytakingglucoseoutoftheirbloodtouseforenergy.

ExerciseCanHelpPatientsSufferingfromtheFollowingDiseases

HeartAttacksandStroke.Oneofthesimplest,safest,leastexpensiveandmosteffectivestrategiesforimprovinghearthealthisfrequentlyneglected:

exercise.Itreducesbloodpressureandcanhelpraisethelevelof“good”cholesterol（胆固醇），whilelowering“bad”cholesterolwhencombinedwithdietarychanges.

Remember:

foreveryonepercentreductioninbloodcholesterol,theoccurrenceofcoronary（冠状动脉的）heartdiseaseisreducedbytwopercent.Moreover,peoplewhoexerciseonehourperdaycuttheirriskforstrokenearlyinhalf,accordingtoastudyof11,130HarvardUniversityalumni（男女校友）.

MentalHealth.WhenaskedwhyshestartedswimmingduringherfreshmanyearatBostonUniversity,world-classenduranceswimmerJulieRidgereplied,“Itwasamentalthing.”Whilesedentarypeoplemayassumethatworkingoutisaboutlookinggood，habitualexerciserslikeRidgeknowthatitislargelyaboutfeelinggood.Agrowingbodyofresearchshowsthatphysicalactivitydoes,indeed,exerta“feelgood”effectthatcanworkasapowerfultreatmentfordepression.

Arthritis.Manypeople—includingsomephysicians—stillhaven’theardthenewmessagethatexercisecanhelppeoplewitharthritisnowaffectingnearly43millionAmericans.“We’vecomefromthinkingthatphysicalfitnesswasimpossibleforpeoplewitharthritistoknowthatexerciseisoneofthebestwaystomanagetheirdiseaseandminimizetheirdisability,”saysMarianMinor,anassociateprofessorofPhysicaltherapyattheUniversityofMissouri,Columbia.

Exercisecanreducepainbykeepingjoints（关节）flexibleandthemusclesaroundthejointsstrong.Apersonwitharthritiswhohasothermedicalconditionsoralotofpainshouldgetaphysician’sreferral（建议）toaphysicaltherapistwhocandesignanindividualizedexerciseprogram.

Cancer.EachyearoveramillionAmericanslearntheyhavecancer—thesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitesStatesafterheartdisease.In1996theAmericanCancerSocietyaddedregularphysicalactivitytothelistofpreventivemeasuresitadvocates.Accordingtoonelargestudyofpeopleatvariouslevelsoffitness,theleastfitmendiedfromcancerataratemorethanthreetimeshigherthanthatofthemostfitmen.And,notesInformedDecisions,theAmericanCancerSociety’sguidetothedisease,anearlierstudyfound“theleastfitwomenhadfully16timesthecancerdeathrateofthemostfitwomen.”

Scientistsstilldon’tknowtheprecisemechanismsbywhichexerciseappearstoexertan“anticancer”effect,butcurrentthinkingpointstophysicalactivity’seffectontheimmuneandendocrine（内分泌的）system.

SoChoosetoMove.Stopviewingexerciseasa“workout”andstartthinkingofitasplay—awelcomedailyrecess（暂歇）thatfreesyourbodyfromtheconfinesofitsworkadayroutines.Andifyouhaveanyhealthconcerns,youshould,ofcourse,consultaphysicianfirst.

1.Americanstodayexpendmoreenergythantheirforefathersinthepast.

2.Inaway,somemodernconveniencesresultinpeople’sobesityandrelateddiseases.

3.Exerciseisafreeandavailablewayforpeopletobeawayfromillness.

4.Exercisecanhelpincreasebloodpressureandlowerthelevelof“good”cholesterolwhileraising“bad”cholesterolwhencombinedwithdietarychanges.

5.MoreandmoreAmericanadultstakepartinphysicalactivityregularly.

6.Regularandmoderatephysicalactivityhasbeneficialeffectonpeople’shealth.

7.Exercisecanhelpsmokersanddrinkersgetridofcigarettesmokinganddrinking.

8.Oneofthesimplest,safest,leastexpensiveandmosteffectivestrategiesforimprovinghearthealthis_______.

9.Ifaperson’sbloodcholesterolisreducedonepercent,hispossibilityofsufferingfromcoronaryheartdiseasewillbereducedby_____________.

10.Exercisecanhelppeoplewitharthritistoreducepainby_______________and______________________.

PartIIVocabularyandStructure（1×

30=30points）

Choosethebestansweryouthinkfittofillinthegapsofeachsentencewiththeitemsgiven.PleasewritedownthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

11.Usuallywewouldn'

tmind______.

A）hertostayawayC）shestayedaway

B）herstayingawayD）shestayingaway

12."

Shefeels______now,"

saidthedoctor."

Shewillbe______fromnowon."

A）good....alrightC）good....allright

B）well....alrightD）well....allright

13.TheHeadmastersaidthatiftheyfailedagain,they______anotherschool.

A）havehadtofindC）wouldhavetofind

B）hadhadtofindD）wouldhavehadtofind

14.Sinceyouaretocatchtheearlytraintomorrowmorning,we______now.

A）hadbettertoleaveC）mightaswellleave

B）musthaveleftD）shouldhavetoleave

15.Therewillcomeadaywhenwewillbelivingincitiesquiteunlike______ofthepresent.

A）thatC）ones

B）thoseD）others

16.Isthematter______thatyouwouldn'

tevenstopforjustoneminutetoconsiderit?

A）ofsolittleimportanceC）solittleimportant

B）suchlittleimportantD）suchlittleimportance

17.Sam'

sfathersenthima______carasabirthdaypresent.

A）redsportsnewC）newsportsred

B）sportsnewredD）newredsports

18.______whatisgenerallyassumed,theadjustmenttothiskindofworkisrelativelyeasilymade.

A）ContrarytoC）Like

B）AsD）Ratherthan

19.______hisarrivalattheairport,hemadealongdistancecalltohiswifeathome.

A）UponC）Since

B）AssoonasD）Till

20.Jimhadtobecalledtwoorthreetimes______hewouldcometohisdinner.

A）untilC）inorderthat

B）sothatD）before

21.Besureto______yourworkattheendoftheexam.

A）lookoverC）setaside

B）hangupD）catchsightof

22.Toourgreatdisappointment,manythingsdidnot______quiteassatisfactoryaswehadexpected.

A）setoutC）comedown

B）turnoutD）resultin

23.Thetwinbrothersweresomuchalikethateventheirownparents______one______theothersometimes.

A）longed---forC）pulled---into

B）mistook---forD）took---over

24.Wagesshouldbeincreasedto______theriseinprices.

A）keepupwithC）lookinto

B）comeupwithD）dependon

25.XiaoLifounda______ofkeysinthecorridor,whichturnedouttobemine.

A）bunchC）few

B）seriesD）pair

26.Thestudentwh