高考英语语法考点整理.docx
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高考英语语法考点整理
2011届高考英语语法考点回归导纲
冠词、不定冠词
★要点:
●对于the与a,an的理解(弄清“特指”与“泛指”)
●牢记常见固定搭配(词组/短语)ﻫ●牢记只能用the或只能用零冠词的几种情况
★重点:
●表示“某一”的意思时,专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an
●a/ an +名词+修饰性的定语从句或介词短语
●在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指,完全看语境的暗示。
●有些名词如music、nature、society、history前通常不用冠词,除非特指
●序数词与不定冠词连用
◇例题:
1.______ apple fell from the treeand hithimon______head.(08’浙江)
A.An; the B.The;the C.An;不填 D.The;不填
2.-Hello,couldIspeaktoMr. Smith?
(2006’全国Ⅰ)
- Sorry,wrongnumber.There isn't______Mr.Smith here.
A.不填 ﻩﻩB.a ﻩﻩC.the ﻩD.one
3.Iknowyou don’t like musicvery much.Butwhatdoyou think of music inthe film wesaw yesterday?
(2006’全国Ⅱ)
ﻩA. 不填;不填 B. the; the C.the;不填 ﻩD.不填;the
4. I earn10dollars_____houras _____ supermarket cashier onSundays.(03年)ﻫA.a, an ﻩﻩﻩB.the, a ﻩﻩﻩﻩC.an,a ﻩD.an,the
5.In___________ review of44studies,Americanresearchersfound thatmenandwomenwhoate sixkeyfoods dailycuttherisk of___________heartdiseaseby76%.(06’湖南)
A.a;the ﻩB.the;a ﻩC.a;不填 ﻩD.不填;a
6. — Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover__keyboard.
—You shouldn’t putdrinks near __ computer.(06’北京)
A.the;不填 ﻩB.the;aﻩﻩC.a;不填ﻩﻩﻩD.a; a
7.What Ineedis_______book that contains________ABCofoilpainting.(09’全国II)
A.a;不填 B. the;不填 C. the; an D.a;the
8. What_________pity that youcouldn’t bethereto receive________prize!
(09’陕西)
A.a; a B.the; aC.a;the D.the;the
9. In ordertofind _______betterjob,hedecided tostudy_________ second foreignlanguage.(09四川)
A.the;a B.a; aC. the;the D.a; the
10.Wearenearlyof________age.Iwas bornontheafternoonof May1st andhe wasontheevening.
ﻩA. anB.不填ﻩC.theD.a
名 词
★要点:
●常用的修饰名词,表示名词数量的词组辨析
ﻩ● 名词的所有格(’s/of) 及双重所有格(of +’s)ﻫ ﻩ●名词的单复数与谓语的关系ﻫ ●名词辨析ﻫ◇例题:
1.Asaresultof destroying theforests,a large _____of desert_____coveredtheland.(2001年)A.number, has B.quantity,has ﻩC.number,have D.quantity,haveﻫ2.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheir beautifulclothesthatwe took_____pictures of them.(03’上海)
A.large amountofﻩ B. massesof C.thenumberof ﻩﻩD.manyof
3.Thefaces offourfamousAmericanpresidentson Mount Rushmorecan beseenfroma of60miles.(04’全国Ⅳ)
A.length ﻩﻩﻩB.distance ﻩﻩC.way ﻩD.space
4.What’sthe_____of having apublic openspacewhereyoucan’teat,drinkorevensimply hangoutforawhile?
(08’福建)
A.sense B.matter C.case D.opinion
5.Iboughtadress foronly10dollarsinasale;itwasareal______.(08’山东)
A. exchangeB.bargainC. tradeﻩﻩﻩD.business
6. ---Shallwegooutforawalk?
(08’ 江西)
--- Sorry.Thisisnottheright____toinviteme. Iamtootiredtowalk.
A.moment B.situationC.place D.chance
代词
★要点:
●人称代词(主格 /宾格)、物主代词、反身代词ﻫ ﻩ● 指示代词(it,that,this)的用法
ﻩ●it的用法:
指代上文中的物或事;用作表示年份、时间、季节、气候的主语;
用作形式主语或形式宾语
●that 在同类事物的比较句中的用法
ﻩ●不定代词:
•another,other(s),theothers
•both,either, neither,all,none
•one,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little
• each,every
●复合不定代词:
(与形容词的位置关系)-thing, -one,-bodyﻫ◇例题:
1. Bothteamwereinhardtraining;_____was willingtolosethe game.(2001年)ﻫA.either ﻩﻩﻩﻩB.neither ﻩC.another D.theother
2.Shanghaiis reallyanice cityandwe decidedtostay for_____twoweeks.(2003年)ﻫA.anotherﻩB.other ﻩﻩC.theother D. other’s
3.Noprogresswasmadein thetradetalk asneithersidewouldaccepttheconditions of_____.(2005年)
A.either ﻩﻩB.theother ﻩC.others ﻩﻩD.another
4.LittleAnna’s parents walkedslowly,one after_______,throughthe shallowwaterofastreamto searchforherlostbag.
A.anotherﻩﻩB.other ﻩﻩC.others ﻩD.theother
9.Oneofthemost importantquestionsthey hadtoconsiderwas_______of publichealth. (09’海南)
A.what B.this C.that ﻩD.which
2.Themayorhasofferedarewardof$5000to_____whocancapture thetigeralive ordead. (07’上海)
A.bothﻩB.othersﻩC.anyoneﻩ D.another
7.—Whatdo youthink oftheperformancetoday?
—Great!
but amusical geniuscouldperformsosuccessfully.(07’江西)
A.All B.None C.Anybody D. Everybody
数词
★要点:
● 分数、时间、编码的用法ﻫ ●hundred, thousand,million, billion, score,dozen + s+ of表示数量多
●表示数量单位的词作定语的用法
◇例题:
She went to the bookstoreandbought_______.
A. dozenbooksB.dozensbooksﻩC. dozenofbooksﻩﻩD.dozensofbooks
形容词和副词
★要点:
●形容词在句中的位置(前置定语/后置定语 /表语)
ﻩ●多个形容词、副词的排序
●诸如close与closely副词的辨析
● 常用程度副词的辨析:
very,much,(by)far, quite,rather,fairly,too, so,such,enough,
badly, much too,almost,nearly,hardly,that,this…
●连接上下文的副词 如,therefore, however,
●形容词作伴随状语
● 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级:
•不规则变化; •比较级的修饰词;•劣等比较; •比较级表示最高级;
•as…as的用法•morethan的用法•倍数的表达 •themore…the more的用法;•cannot……too… •no+比较级+than与not+比较级+than的用法辨析
◇例题:
1.As I know,thereis _____ car in this neighborhood.(2001年)ﻫA.no such ﻩB.noa ﻩﻩC.notsuch ﻩﻩD.nosucha
2.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationis about learningandthemore youlearn,_____.(02’年上海)
A.themorefor lifeareyouequipped ﻩﻩB. themoreequippedforlife youare
C.themorelifeyouare equippedfor ﻩD.youareequippedthemoreforlife
3.Ataroughestimate, Nigeria is_____Great Britain. (2005年)
A.threetimesthesize as ﻩﻩB. thesizethreetimesofﻫC.three timesasthesizeof ﻩﻩﻩﻩD.threetimesthe sizeof
4.Itwasanicehouse,but _______toosmallfor afamilyoflive.(09’天津)
A.rarelyB. fairly C. rather D.pretty
5.How much__________he lookedwithout herglasses!
(09’海南)
A.well B. goodﻩ C. bestD. better
6.Myuncle’s house inthedowntown area ismuch smallerthanours,butitis twice_______expensive.(09四川)
A.as B. soﻩC.too ﻩD.very
7.Alanis acarefuldriver, but hedrives______ ofmy friends.(07’上海)
A.morecarefullyﻩB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully
8.A new______busservice toTianjinAirport startedto operatetwomonthsago.(07’天津)
A.normalﻩB.usualﻩC.regular D. common
9.After thelong journey,thethreeofthem wentbackhome,______.(08’北京)
A.hungryand tiredly ﻩﻩﻩB.hungryand tired
C.hungrilyand tiredly ﻩD. hungrilyandtired
10.LastnighyMr.Crookdidn’tcome backattheusualtime.______,hemetsomefriends andstayedout untilmidnight.(08’湖南)
A.MeanwhileﻩﻩB.However ﻩﻩﻩC.InsteadﻩﻩD. Yet
动词
★要点:
●连系动词的语法功能:
(+表语)ﻫ ● 延续动词和瞬间动词的转化ﻫ ﻩ●情态动词的用法:
can,may, must,need,dare, shall,should,oughtto
ﻩ● 情态动词+havedone的用法(should/oughtto/could/needn’t have done)
● 动词的时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、
过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时)ﻫ ●动词的语态:
(注意:
用主动表被动的情况)
●动词短语辨析、动词词义辨析
●动词虚拟语气
◇例题:
1.In such dryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredif they_____. (2001年)
A.havesurvived ﻩﻩB.areto survive ﻩﻩC.wouldsurvive ﻩD.will surviveﻫ2.Hewill havelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_______________fromtheuniversity
nextyear.(02’上海)
A.willgraduate ﻩﻩB. will have graduated C.graduates D.istograduateﻫ3.29.Thewet weather willcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront______ toarrive.(08’全国I)
A. isexpectedB.isexpectingﻩC.expectsﻩﻩD.will beexpected
4.Ithought Jimwouldsaysomethingabouthis schoolreport,buthe ____it.(2003年)
A.doesn’tmention ﻩB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmention ﻩD. hasn’tmentionedﻫ5. IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother_____onthe
phoneallthetime!
(08’湖南卷)
A.was talkingﻩB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedﻩD.talked
6.—Tom,you didn’tcome tothepartylastnight?
ﻩ
—I____,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomework todo.(07’全国卷II)
A.hadtoB.didn’tﻩC.was going toﻩD.wouldn’t
7.Morethan adozenstudentsin thatschool _____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.ﻫ (2005年)
8.They_____ twofree ticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’d neverhavebeenabletoafford
to go.(07’山东)
A.had got B.got C.havegot D.get
9. Theybecamefriendsagainthat day.Untilthen,they _____toeachotherfornearly
twoyears.(07’安徽)
A.didn'tspeakB.hadn't spoken C.haven'tspokenD.haven'tbeenspeaking
10. Theteacher _______havethoughtJohnson wasworth it or shewouldn'thavewastedtimeon him,I suppose.(07’安徽)
A.should ﻩB.can C.would D. must
11.一Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?
一“Noperson________ smokeor carryalightedcigarette,cigar orpipein thisarea.”(07’ 四川)
A.will ﻩB.mayﻩﻩ C.shall D.must
12. Atminus 130℃, alivingcellcanbe______ for athousand years.(07’上海)
A.sparedB. protectedﻩC.preserved D.developed
13. The newsofthemayor’s comingtoourschoolforavisitwas ontheradio
yesterday.(07’福建)
A. turnedoutﻩﻩB.foundout C.givenoutﻩﻩ D.carriedout
14.----Sorry,Ihaveto______now.It’stime forclass.
----OK,I’llcallback later.(09天津)
A. hang up B.breakupC.give up D.holdup
15. Theteacherstressed againthatthestudentsshould not______ anyimportant detailswhile retellingthe story.(08’湖北卷)
A.bringoutﻩB.let out ﻩC.leave outﻩD.makeout
●非谓语动词的用法:
ﻫ •理解非谓语的概念、基本形态(doing,done,todo)及时态、语态
•非谓语动词做主语(it做形式主语;动名词的复合结构)
•非谓语动词做表语ﻫ •非谓语动词做宾语(it做形式宾语;部分动词+doing与+todo的辨析;ﻫ动名词的复合结构;动词不定式做宾语时的省略)
•非谓语动词做宾语补足语(动词不定式做部分动词的宾补时“to”的省略以及在被动句中“to”的还原)
•非谓语动词做定语(-ing和-ed分词的辨析,不定式的主动与被动)
•非谓语动词做状语