高考英语语法考点整理.docx

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高考英语语法考点整理.docx

高考英语语法考点整理

2011届高考英语语法考点回归导纲

冠词、不定冠词

★要点:

●对于the与a,an的理解(弄清“特指”与“泛指”)

●牢记常见固定搭配(词组/短语)ﻫ●牢记只能用the或只能用零冠词的几种情况

★重点:

●表示“某一”的意思时,专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an

●a/ an +名词+修饰性的定语从句或介词短语

●在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指,完全看语境的暗示。

●有些名词如music、nature、society、history前通常不用冠词,除非特指

●序数词与不定冠词连用

◇例题:

1.______ apple fell from the treeand hithimon______head.(08’浙江)

A.An; the B.The;the C.An;不填  D.The;不填

2.-Hello,couldIspeaktoMr. Smith?

(2006’全国Ⅰ)

  - Sorry,wrongnumber.There isn't______Mr.Smith here.

A.不填    ﻩﻩB.a   ﻩﻩC.the    ﻩD.one

3.Iknowyou don’t like          musicvery much.Butwhatdoyou think of        music inthe film wesaw yesterday?

(2006’全国Ⅱ)

 ﻩA. 不填;不填  B. the; the    C.the;不填          ﻩD.不填;the

4. I earn10dollars_____houras _____ supermarket cashier onSundays.(03年)ﻫA.a, an ﻩﻩﻩB.the, a ﻩﻩﻩﻩC.an,a    ﻩD.an,the

5.In___________ review of44studies,Americanresearchersfound thatmenandwomenwhoate sixkeyfoods dailycuttherisk of___________heartdiseaseby76%.(06’湖南)

A.a;the            ﻩB.the;a        ﻩC.a;不填  ﻩD.不填;a

6. — Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover__keyboard.

—You shouldn’t putdrinks near __ computer.(06’北京)

A.the;不填 ﻩB.the;aﻩﻩC.a;不填ﻩﻩﻩD.a; a

7.What Ineedis_______book that contains________ABCofoilpainting.(09’全国II)

A.a;不填  B. the;不填  C. the; an D.a;the

8. What_________pity that youcouldn’t bethereto receive________prize!

 (09’陕西)

A.a; a B.the; aC.a;the D.the;the

9. In ordertofind _______betterjob,hedecided tostudy_________ second foreignlanguage.(09四川)

A.the;a   B.a; aC. the;the    D.a; the

10.Wearenearlyof________age.Iwas bornontheafternoonof May1st andhe wasontheevening.

ﻩA. anB.不填ﻩC.theD.a

名 词

★要点:

●常用的修饰名词,表示名词数量的词组辨析

        ﻩ● 名词的所有格(’s/of) 及双重所有格(of +’s)ﻫ       ﻩ●名词的单复数与谓语的关系ﻫ       ●名词辨析ﻫ◇例题:

1.Asaresultof destroying theforests,a large _____of desert_____coveredtheland.(2001年)A.number, has       B.quantity,has  ﻩC.number,have   D.quantity,haveﻫ2.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheir beautifulclothesthatwe took_____pictures of them.(03’上海)

A.large amountofﻩ B. massesof    C.thenumberof   ﻩﻩD.manyof

3.Thefaces offourfamousAmericanpresidentson Mount Rushmorecan beseenfroma       of60miles.(04’全国Ⅳ)

A.length            ﻩﻩﻩB.distance              ﻩﻩC.way         ﻩD.space

4.What’sthe_____of having apublic openspacewhereyoucan’teat,drinkorevensimply hangoutforawhile?

(08’福建)

 A.sense  B.matter  C.case        D.opinion

5.Iboughtadress foronly10dollarsinasale;itwasareal______.(08’山东)

A. exchangeB.bargainC. tradeﻩﻩﻩD.business

6. ---Shallwegooutforawalk?

(08’ 江西)

--- Sorry.Thisisnottheright____toinviteme. Iamtootiredtowalk.

A.moment    B.situationC.place D.chance

代词

★要点:

●人称代词(主格 /宾格)、物主代词、反身代词ﻫ       ﻩ● 指示代词(it,that,this)的用法

          ﻩ●it的用法:

指代上文中的物或事;用作表示年份、时间、季节、气候的主语;

用作形式主语或形式宾语

          ●that 在同类事物的比较句中的用法

       ﻩ●不定代词:

•another,other(s),theothers

 •both,either, neither,all,none

•one,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little

• each,every

       ●复合不定代词:

(与形容词的位置关系)-thing, -one,-bodyﻫ◇例题:

1. Bothteamwereinhardtraining;_____was willingtolosethe game.(2001年)ﻫA.either ﻩﻩﻩﻩB.neither ﻩC.another D.theother

2.Shanghaiis reallyanice cityandwe decidedtostay for_____twoweeks.(2003年)ﻫA.anotherﻩB.other ﻩﻩC.theother D. other’s

3.Noprogresswasmadein thetradetalk asneithersidewouldaccepttheconditions of_____.(2005年)

A.either ﻩﻩB.theother ﻩC.others ﻩﻩD.another

4.LittleAnna’s parents walkedslowly,one after_______,throughthe shallowwaterofastreamto searchforherlostbag.

A.anotherﻩﻩB.other ﻩﻩC.others ﻩD.theother 

9.Oneofthemost importantquestionsthey hadtoconsiderwas_______of publichealth. (09’海南)

A.what    B.this C.that  ﻩD.which

2.Themayorhasofferedarewardof$5000to_____whocancapture thetigeralive ordead. (07’上海)

A.bothﻩB.othersﻩC.anyoneﻩ   D.another

7.—Whatdo youthink oftheperformancetoday?

 —Great!

but amusical geniuscouldperformsosuccessfully.(07’江西)

 A.All   B.None     C.Anybody  D. Everybody

数词

★要点:

● 分数、时间、编码的用法ﻫ        ●hundred, thousand,million, billion, score,dozen + s+ of表示数量多

       ●表示数量单位的词作定语的用法

◇例题:

She went to the bookstoreandbought_______.

A. dozenbooksB.dozensbooksﻩC. dozenofbooksﻩﻩD.dozensofbooks

形容词和副词

★要点:

●形容词在句中的位置(前置定语/后置定语 /表语)

       ﻩ●多个形容词、副词的排序

●诸如close与closely副词的辨析

● 常用程度副词的辨析:

very,much,(by)far, quite,rather,fairly,too, so,such,enough,

 badly, much too,almost,nearly,hardly,that,this…

●连接上下文的副词 如,therefore, however,

●形容词作伴随状语

● 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级:

•不规则变化; •比较级的修饰词;•劣等比较; •比较级表示最高级;

•as…as的用法•morethan的用法•倍数的表达  •themore…the more的用法;•cannot……too… •no+比较级+than与not+比较级+than的用法辨析

◇例题:

 

1.As I know,thereis _____ car in this neighborhood.(2001年)ﻫA.no such ﻩB.noa ﻩﻩC.notsuch ﻩﻩD.nosucha

2.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationis about learningandthemore youlearn,_____.(02’年上海)

A.themorefor lifeareyouequipped ﻩﻩB. themoreequippedforlife youare

C.themorelifeyouare equippedfor ﻩD.youareequippedthemoreforlife

3.Ataroughestimate, Nigeria is_____Great Britain. (2005年)

A.threetimesthesize as ﻩﻩB. thesizethreetimesofﻫC.three timesasthesizeof ﻩﻩﻩﻩD.threetimesthe sizeof

4.Itwasanicehouse,but _______toosmallfor afamilyoflive.(09’天津)

A.rarelyB. fairly  C. rather  D.pretty

5.How much__________he lookedwithout herglasses!

 (09’海南)

A.well    B. goodﻩ  C. bestD. better

6.Myuncle’s house inthedowntown area ismuch smallerthanours,butitis twice_______expensive.(09四川)

 A.as   B. soﻩC.too  ﻩD.very

7.Alanis acarefuldriver, but hedrives______ ofmy friends.(07’上海)

A.morecarefullyﻩB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully

8.A new______busservice toTianjinAirport startedto operatetwomonthsago.(07’天津)

A.normalﻩB.usualﻩC.regular   D. common

9.After thelong journey,thethreeofthem wentbackhome,______.(08’北京)

A.hungryand tiredly  ﻩﻩﻩB.hungryand tired

C.hungrilyand tiredly   ﻩD. hungrilyandtired

10.LastnighyMr.Crookdidn’tcome backattheusualtime.______,hemetsomefriends andstayedout untilmidnight.(08’湖南)

A.MeanwhileﻩﻩB.However ﻩﻩﻩC.InsteadﻩﻩD. Yet

动词

★要点:

●连系动词的语法功能:

(+表语)ﻫ       ● 延续动词和瞬间动词的转化ﻫ        ﻩ●情态动词的用法:

can,may, must,need,dare, shall,should,oughtto

       ﻩ● 情态动词+havedone的用法(should/oughtto/could/needn’t have done)

        ● 动词的时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、

过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时)ﻫ       ●动词的语态:

(注意:

用主动表被动的情况)

●动词短语辨析、动词词义辨析

●动词虚拟语气

◇例题:

1.In such dryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredif they_____. (2001年)

A.havesurvived ﻩﻩB.areto survive ﻩﻩC.wouldsurvive    ﻩD.will surviveﻫ2.Hewill havelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_______________fromtheuniversity

nextyear.(02’上海)

A.willgraduate ﻩﻩB. will have graduated C.graduates    D.istograduateﻫ3.29.Thewet weather willcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront______ toarrive.(08’全国I)

A. isexpectedB.isexpectingﻩC.expectsﻩﻩD.will beexpected

4.Ithought Jimwouldsaysomethingabouthis schoolreport,buthe ____it.(2003年)

A.doesn’tmention  ﻩB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmention  ﻩD. hasn’tmentionedﻫ5. IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother_____onthe

phoneallthetime!

(08’湖南卷)

A.was talkingﻩB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedﻩD.talked

6.—Tom,you didn’tcome tothepartylastnight?

—I____,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomework todo.(07’全国卷II)

A.hadtoB.didn’tﻩC.was going toﻩD.wouldn’t

7.Morethan adozenstudentsin thatschool _____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.ﻫ (2005年)

8.They_____ twofree ticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’d neverhavebeenabletoafford

to go.(07’山东)

A.had got  B.got  C.havegot D.get 

9. Theybecamefriendsagainthat day.Untilthen,they _____toeachotherfornearly 

twoyears.(07’安徽)

 A.didn'tspeakB.hadn't spoken C.haven'tspokenD.haven'tbeenspeaking

10. Theteacher _______havethoughtJohnson wasworth it or shewouldn'thavewastedtimeon him,I suppose.(07’安徽)

 A.should   ﻩB.can     C.would     D. must

11.一Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?

一“Noperson________ smokeor carryalightedcigarette,cigar orpipein thisarea.”(07’ 四川)

A.will ﻩB.mayﻩﻩ C.shall  D.must

12. Atminus 130℃, alivingcellcanbe______ for athousand years.(07’上海)

A.sparedB. protectedﻩC.preserved D.developed

13. The newsofthemayor’s comingtoourschoolforavisitwas ontheradio 

yesterday.(07’福建)

A. turnedoutﻩﻩB.foundout C.givenoutﻩﻩ D.carriedout

14.----Sorry,Ihaveto______now.It’stime forclass.

----OK,I’llcallback later.(09天津)

A. hang up  B.breakupC.give up    D.holdup

15. Theteacherstressed againthatthestudentsshould not______ anyimportant detailswhile retellingthe story.(08’湖北卷)

  A.bringoutﻩB.let out ﻩC.leave outﻩD.makeout

●非谓语动词的用法:

ﻫ          •理解非谓语的概念、基本形态(doing,done,todo)及时态、语态

           •非谓语动词做主语(it做形式主语;动名词的复合结构)

          •非谓语动词做表语ﻫ          •非谓语动词做宾语(it做形式宾语;部分动词+doing与+todo的辨析;ﻫ动名词的复合结构;动词不定式做宾语时的省略)

          •非谓语动词做宾语补足语(动词不定式做部分动词的宾补时“to”的省略以及在被动句中“to”的还原)

          •非谓语动词做定语(-ing和-ed分词的辨析,不定式的主动与被动)

          •非谓语动词做状语

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