定语从句.docx
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定语从句
定语从句
一、分类：
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
它们的区别有：
①意义的不同：
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，在句子中不能少；非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限定作用，起补充说明作用，没有它，意思基本完整。
②书写形式的不同：
限制性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。
1.IspentawholeafternoonwithJohn,whowasveryhelpful.
2.ThevillagewhereIgrewupisaverybeautifulplaceinthemountains.
3.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
4.Tom’sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.
二、引导词:
引导定语从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有：
that,which,who,whom,whose；关系副词有：
when,where,why。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，引导定语从句，同时又在定语从句中担任一定的成分：
主语、宾语、定语或状语。
三、基本用法：
1、who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。
例如：
Thisisthegirlwhoisthemostbeautifulinourschool.
2、whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
例如
ThisisthegirlwhomI’dliketomakefriendswith.
3、whose既可指人又可指物，是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。
例如：
Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisourheadmaster.
Thisisthetreewhosebranchesaredead.
4、that既可指物也可指人，既是主格又是宾格，在定语从句中既作主语又作宾语，作宾语时可省略。
例如：
①Thisisthebikethatwasstolenyesterday.
②Haveyoufoundthekeythatyourbrotherlost?
③ThisisthedoctorthatfightsbravelyagainstSARS.
④LiPingisthestudentthatourteacheroftenpraises.
5、which只可指物，既是主格又是宾格，在定语从句中既作主语又作宾语，作宾语时可省略。
例如：
Thisisthebookwhichcanhelpyou.
Thisisthepenwhichyoulostyesterday.
6、关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
关系副词也可以用介词+which代替。
why作原因状语，where作定点状语，when作时间状语。
1.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.
2.Dalianistheplacewhereheoncelived.
3.Istillrememberthedaywhenhewasborn.
4.Dalianistheplace________isfamousforthesea.
5.Dalianistheplace________helikesbest.
6.Istillremembertheday_______hewasbornon.
7.Istillrememberthedayon______hewasborn.
8.Istillremembertheday________ishisbirthday.
9.Istillremembertheday_________hespentwithme.
四、特殊用法：
（一）关系代词that和which的特殊用法
A、先行词为“物”时,用that不用which的4种情况:
1、先行词是不定代词all,none,one,any,few,little,much,everything,nothing,anything等时。
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyouintown?
2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
①ThisisthefirstplacethatIvisitedlasttime.
②ThisisthebestfilmthatI’veeverseen.
3、当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little或thevery,just,thelasttheonly修饰时。
①Theygotothenewspaper’sownlibrarytolookupanyinformationthattheyneed.
②Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.
4、当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时。
Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.
B、先行词为“物”时,用which不用that的2种情况:
1、引导非限制性定语从句。
先行词可以是一个词、词组或整个主句。
Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.
2、当关系代词作介词的宾语时，用在“介词+which”结构中。
Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudythespace.
（二）只能用who不能用that的3种情况：
1、当先行词是he,those时。
HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisanotatrueman.
2、当先行词是one,ones,anyone,anybody,noone时。
Anyonewhowantstogotheremustsignhere.
3、当先行词是人,作therebe的主语时。
Thereisamanwhoisblindhere.
（三）引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的异同
A、as和which的相同点:
1、都非限制性定语从句。
2、先行词都可以是整个主句。
3、都可以在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
B、as和which的不同点:
1、as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，并有逗号和主句隔开,表示说话人对某事的看法、态度、解释或评论；而which引导的从句只能放在主句后面，它引导的从句与主句之间常含有因果关系，或并列关系。
①Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.
②Iboughtmysisterabigtoy,whichdelightedher.
2、不能省去非限制性定语从句中的be时，用which,反之用as。
①Janetoldmeshewonthematch,whichwasalie.
②As（was）planned,wemetattheairport.
3、当从句的谓语是否定式时或从句谓语动词带的是复合宾语结构时，一般用which,不用as。
①Youpretendednottoknowme,whichIdidn’tunderstand.
②Headmireseveryoneintheclass,WhichIfindquitestrange.
4、在thesame…as或such…as,as…as结构中，只能用as,不用which。
①Iboughtthesamedictionaryasyouborrowedyesterday.
②ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.
注意：
thesame…as与thesame…that
①ThisisthesametoolasIusedlasttime.
②ThisisthesametoolthatIusedlasttime.
（四）由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句须注意的几个问题
1、关系代词which和whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，这个介词可以放在关系代词之前，也可以放在定语从句之尾。
当介词放在从句之尾时，which可用that代替；which和whom常可省去。
①Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
②Isthisthedictionary（that/which）youpaidforfivedollars?
2、关系代词that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词只能放在从句尾有关动词后面，不可放在that前面，关系代词that可省略。
Thehousethatweliveinisnotlarge.
→Thehouseweliveinisnotlarge.
→Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.
→Thehousewhichweliveinisnotlarge.
3、介词的选用要根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配而定。
即把关系代词所代表的先行词放在从句谓语动词后，看在动词与先行词之间用什么介词合适。
Theman______whomIspokejustnowismyuncle.
4、在由“代词/名词+of+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，先行词指人用whom,指物用which。
①Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
②HereareplayersfromJapan,someof______areouroldfriends.
五、判断正误：
1.ThenoodlesthatIcookedthemweredelicious.
2.ThegirlwesawheryesterdaywasTom’ssister.
3.Theyplantedthetreesdidn’tneedmuchwater.
4.Thefishweboughtwerenotfresh.
5.TheboywhobrokethewindowsiscalledTom.
6.ThepersonyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.
7.ThisistheboywhosemotherisourChineseteacher.
8.IwillneverforgetthedaywhichIjoinedtheLeague.
9.Irememberthedaywhichwefirstmeton.
10.Isthisthefactorywhichyourfatherworks?
六、巩固性练习：
1.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces___couldn’tbefound.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
2.Haveyoufoundthewoman___pursewaslost.
A.herB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose
3.Chinahasthousandsofislands,___HainanIslandisthelargest.
A.ofthemB.amongwhichC.oneofwhichD.amongthem
4.Iremembertheday_____Ifirstcametothecollege.
A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.that
5.Isthisfactory___wevisitedlastyear?
A.whereB.inwhichC.theoneD.atwhich
6.Doyouknowthecomrade_____wearetalking.
A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.ofwhich
7.I,____yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis
8.Doyouknowthereason___hewaslateforschool.
A.ofitB.foritC.whichD.forwhich
9.Thatwasthereason____Marygavemetheotherday.
A.whyB.forthatC.whichD.forwhich
10.Thatwasthereason_____Maryrefusedtospeakatthemeeting.
A.whyB.thatC.whichD.ofwhich
11.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory____youvisitedlastweek?
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.when
12.Sheheardaterriblenoise,___broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.itB.whichC.thisD.what
13.Heisamanwithrichexperience,from___muchcanbelearned.
A.whomB.whichC.whereD.whose
14.Thebook_____isnotinthelibrary.
A.thatneeditB.Ineedit
C.whichIneeditD.Ineed
15.LiuHulanisayoungheroine,___nameisknowntous.
A.herB.thatC.whichD.whose
16.Becauseofmypoormemory,all__youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
17.Afootballfanis_____hasastronginterestinfootball.
A.athingthatB.somethingthat
C.apersonwhoD.what
18.Thehouse,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.
A.theroofofwhichB.whichroof
C.itsroofD.theroof
19.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?
A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout
20.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich
21.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
22.Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?
A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that
23.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what
24.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
25.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.
A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all
26.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which
27.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
28.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
29.-Howdoyoulikethebook?
-It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
30.Whichsentenceiswrong?
A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.
B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?
C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.
D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.
31.Thetrain_____shewastravelingwaslate.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat
32.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_____thepapersarekept.
A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhichD.which
33.Antarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich
34.It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
35.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.
A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because
36.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.
A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which
37.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.（湖南NMET’2008）
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhich
C.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
38.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（安徽NMET’2008）
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
39.Wewentthroughaperiod____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.
（上海NMET’2008）
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
40.TheywillflytoWashington,____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.（重庆NMET’2008）
A.wh
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