高考语法之专题四形容词和副词.docx
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高考语法之专题四形容词和副词
专题四:
形容词和副词
第一部分:
考点归纳
1、形容词基本用法
1.形容词作定语
(1)后置定语:
形容词词组和表语形容词(alone,afraid,asleep等)一般放在所修饰的名词后。
形容词修饰不定代词(something,anything,nobody等)时,须后置。
(2)两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其常用的顺序是:
限定词→一般描绘性词→大小形状→性质→色彩→长幼、新旧→国籍、出处→物质材料→用途、类别等。
如:
abigquietgreyoldBritishwoodenhouse。
【真题再现】
①(长沙一中)Howexcitedhewaswhenhehappenedtofind________diningtable!
A.abeautifulroundnewredChinesewooden
B.anewbeautifulredroundChinesewooden
C.aChinesebeautifulredroundnewwooden
D.anewredChinesebeautifulwoodenround
②(北京海淀区)Toallthefamousartists'surprise,theunknownwoman'stwo________paintingsarealsoonshowintheartexhibition.
A.littleblueoil B.bluelittleoil
C.oilbluelittleD.littleoilblue
2.表语形容词
以下形容词只能作表语,故亦称作表语形容词,如:
fond,well,unable,worth,glad,sure,likely,alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alike,ashamed等。
3.数量形容词
onlyafew相当于notverymany,意为“不多几个”;notalittle相当于quitealittle或much,意为“很多”;notafew相当于quiteafew或many,意为“很多”;notabit相当于notatall,意为“根本不”;“manya+单数名词”相当于“many+复数名词”,意为“许多……”。
二、副词
1.多个副词同时出现时的顺序
(1)方式副词→地点副词→时间副词
(2)小的时间/地点→大的时间/地点
2.以下以ly结尾的词均为形容词,如:
lovely,lively,likely,friendly等。
3.以下用法中的very均是错误的
(1)IverylikeEnglish.改为:
IlikeEnglishverymuch.
(2)Thebookisveryworthreading.
改为:
Thebookiswellworthreading.
(3)Japanisaverydevelopedcountry.
改为:
Japanisamuch/welldevelopedcountry.
(4)Hisnameisveryabovethenamelist.
改为:
Hisnameiswellabovethenamelist.
4.very和much
(1)very修饰形容词、副词的原级;much修饰比较级;修饰动词要用much或verymuch。
(2)very修饰形容词化了的分词。
如:
veryexciting非常兴奋;verypleased非常满意。
5.such和so
(1)such后接名词,so后接形容词或副词。
【真题再现】
③(上海)TheGreatWallis________touristattractionthatmillionsofpeoplepourineveryyear.
A.soawellknownB.asowellknown
C.suchwellknownaD.suchawellknown
(2)such与some,any,every,no,each,all,another,several,few,many,one,two等连用时,such后置。
【可能这样考】
④________foolishthinghaseverhappenedinourschool,sothatwhatyousaidmakesusverysurprised.
A.Nosuch B.Notsuch
C.NosuchaD.Noso
(3)若名词前有many,much,few,little等修饰词时,只能用so,并把它放在这些修饰词的前面。
但little当“小”讲时,仍用such。
【可能这样考】
⑤NeverhaveIseen________littlefish.Thereare________littlefishthatIdon'tknowhowtogivethemtoallthepeople.
A.such;soB.so;such
C.such;suchD.so;so
6.muchtoo和toomuch
(1)muchtoo意为“太……”,以too为中心,修饰形容词或副词,相当于fartoo,quitetoo。
【真题再现】
⑥(全国Ⅱ)It'shightimeyouhadyourhaircut;it'sgetting________.
A.toomuchlongB.muchtoolong
C.longtoomuchD.toolongmuch
(2)“toomuch+不可数名词”用法同much;toomuch也可替代不可数名词;toomuch还有“太过分了”的意思。
7.“can't…too+adj./adv.”意为“无论……都不为过”。
Youcanneverbecarefulenough.=Youcanneverbetoocareful.你越仔细越好。
【真题再现】
⑦(安庆二模)—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?
—Yes.Youcan'thopefor________dayatthistimeoftheyear.
A.aniceB.anicer
C.thenicerD.thenicest
⑧(盐城联考)IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldom________solonelyasnow.
A.haveIfeltB.Ihadfelt
C.IhavefeltD.HadIfelt
解析:
考查时态及倒装。
由句意知应选现在完成时;表示否定意义的副词seldom“很少”放在句首,句子用部分倒装形式,所以选A。
答案:
A
8.下列词都可以用作副词,但词义不同
hard努力,hardly几乎不;late迟,lately最近;near靠近,nearly几乎;short短,shortly
不久;close靠近,closely严格地,仔细地;free免费,freely无拘束地;deep深(表示具体深度),deeply深深地(表示抽象深度);wide宽,widely广泛地;high高,highly高度地;direct直接地,directly立刻;loud大声,loudly喧闹。
3、形容词和副词的级
1.比较等级的构成
(1)单音节和少数双单节形容词
(2)多数多音节形容词,前面加more或most
(3)少数形容词的不规则变化
【真题再现】
⑨(北京海淀区)I'dliketohave________car.TheoneIhavegotkeepsbreakingdown.
A.areliableB.amorereliable
C.amostreliableD.themostreliable
⑩(北京海淀区)Withthespeedupoftherailway,nowyoucangettoyourdestination________bytrain.
A.fastB.faster
C.fastestD.thefastest
2.比较级常考句型、短语
(1)表示A超过B
(2)表示A不及B
【真题再现】
⑪(台州调考)IftheAmazonRainForestwereacountry,itwouldbe,if________than,aslargeasKazakhstan.
A.notlargerB.nolarger
C.lesslargeD.muchlarger
⑫(广东汕头)Whetherageishappyorunpleasantdependslessonmoneyoronhealththan________onyourabilitytohavefun.
A.itisB.itwas
C.itdependsD.itdoes
(3)比较等级与冠词连用
a)the+形容词原级(表示一类人或物,作主语时谓语动词使用复数。
)
b)the+形容词比较级(特指两者之中“较……的”那一个。
)
【真题再现】
⑬(宁波联考)Ofthetwobestsellers,whichdoyouthinkis________tome?
A.asuitableoneB.moresuitable
C.amoresuitableD.themoresuitable
⑭(2007·宁夏银川一中三模)Thekindheartedbusinessmanhastwohouses,________hasbeenofferedtothevillagerasagift.
A.thelargerone
B.thelargerofwhich
C.thelargestone
D.thelargestofwhich
c)a/an+形容词比较级
Thebikeisexpensive,andIwantacheaperone.
这辆自行车贵,我想要辆便宜的。
这样考过
⑮(东北三校联考)Well,that'sjustthedeal.________pricewillbeoutofmyreach.
A.ThehigherB.Ahigher
C.ThehighestD.Ahighest
⑯(2008·全国十六所名校联考)Iknowthisisnotquitetherightword,butIcan'tbebotheredtothinkof________.
A.abetter
B.abest
C.thebetter
D.thegood
d)the+比较级+…,the+比较级+…
【真题再现】
⑰(2008·江西南昌三模)Badluck!
________Iwanttoseethatterriblebigdog,________frequentlyImeetit.
A.Theless;thelessB.Themore;themore
C.Theless;themoreD.Themore;theless
⑱(2007·成都)Asfarasweareconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,________.
A.themoreforlifeareyouequipped
B.themoreequippedforlifeyouare
C.themorelifeyouareequippedfor
D.themorelifeforyouareequipped
(4)降级比较用“less+原形形容词/副词+than从句”。
有时省略than从句
Herunslessfastthanme.他没我跑得快。
【真题再现】
⑲(南昌调研)—ItissaidthatthenumberofChinesecharactersyoucantypeonyourmobilephoneis________thetotalnumberofChinesecharacters.
—Iknow.Thatisbecausethecharacterinputsystemsaremadebyforeigncellphoneproducers.
A.25percentmuchthanB.25percentaslessas
C.lessthan25percentD.25percentasmuch
(5)并非所有使用比较级的句子中都有than从句,有时根据上下文,被比较的部分常常省掉。
Howbeautifulshesings!
Ihaveneverheardabettervoice。
她唱得多动听啊!
我从没听过这么美的歌声。
【真题再现】
⑳(全国Ⅰ)Howmuch________shelookedwithoutherglasses!
A.wellB.good
C.bestD.Better
(全国Ⅱ)Thechildrenlovedtheirdaytrip,andtheyenjoyedthehorseride________.
A.mostB.more
C.lessD.little
22(北京崇文区)It'stoonoisyhere.Canwegosomewhere________?
A.quietlyB.morequietly
C.muchquietD.quieter
(北京宣武区)—Hi,Johnson.I'mthinkingoftakingfivecoursesinliteraturenextterm.
—Well,wouldn'tfourbe________?
A.wiseB.wiser
C.wisestD.thewisest
(6)“nomorethan+数词”结构表示“仅仅,只”,有嫌少之意;“notmorethan+数词”结构表示“至多……,不超过……”,是一种客观叙述。
(湖南师大附中)Howdisappointing!
Wehavefinished________5%ofthework.
A.nomorethanB.nolessthan
C.notmorethanD.notlessthan
(7)“nolessthan+数词”结构表示“居然有,竟然有”或“不下于……之多,多达”,表示一种惊奇的情绪,相当于“asmuch/manyas”的意思。
“notlessthan+数词”结构意为“不少于……,至少……”。
(8)“no+比较级+than”结构表示所比较的两种事物都具有与形容词或副词相反的意义,表示“A与B一样不……”。
但重点往往放在后者,表示“不比……”。
【真题再现】
(成都检测)—Havetheirlivingconditionsimproved?
—No,________thanbefore,I'mafraid.
A.nobetterB.alittlebetter
C.notworseD.noworse
(连云港调研)—Idon'twanttomovetothatcity.Itisheavilypolluted.
—Pollutioniscommon.Thecityhereis________.
A.nolesscleanB.noclean
C.nocleanerD.notlessclean
(2008·江苏常州高三统考)—Thecakeisdelicious.
—Well,atleastitis________theoneIbakedlastweek.
A.asbadasB.noworsethan
C.nobetterthanD.notbetterthan
(2008·江苏黄桥中学综合)—DoesJimdohisnewjobwell?
—________hisoldjob.Howstupid!
Ifearthere'snohopeforhim.
A.Nobetterthan
B.Notbetterthan
C.Notsowellas
D.Noaswellas
3.常见修饰语
【真题再现】
(北京朝阳区)—Howdoyoulikethefilm?
—________interestingthanexpected.
A.AgreatdealofmoreB.Agreatdealmuch
C.AgreatdealofmuchD.Agreatdealmore
(2007·全国Ⅱ)Aftertwoyears'research,wenowhavea________betterunderstandingofthedisease.
A.veryB.far
C.fairlyD.quite
(苏北四市联考)—Haven'tyouseenthespeedlimitsign?
Pleasedrive________.
—Sorry,butIhaveto.
A.moreslowlyabitB.slowlyabitmore
C.abitmoreslowlyD.slowlymoreabit
4.同级相比较
表示A和B是同等程度
【真题再现】
(宁波)—It'sgettingdark,butMr.Johnsonisstillathisoffice.
—Nosurprise.Whoelsecan________hedoes?
A.dolessworkthan
B.workashardlyas
C.workashardas
D.beworkinghardlylike
(兴化市考前冲刺)Inthebar,thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudness________byhislackoftalent.
A.thanB.morethan
C.asD.somuchas
(2008·大连八中)Heprobablygot________outofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot.
A.aspleasuremuch
B.asmuchpleasure
C.muchpleasure
D.pleasureasmuch
5.倍数比较级的几种句式
【真题再现】
(保定调研)You'dbettergotherebytrain.Thetrainticketis________theairplaneticket.
A.ascheapthreetimesas
B.asthreetimescheapas
C.threetimescheaperthan
D.cheaperthreetimesthan
(辽宁)Peter'sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack's,butitcost________his.
A.asmuchtwiceasB.twiceasmuchas
C.muchastwiceasD.astwicemuchas
(四川)Myuncle'shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice________expensive.
A.asB.so
C.tooD.very
(江西)Accordingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancer________awoman.
A.thanB.such
C.soD.as
6.最高级
(1)形容词最高级用于二者以上的比较,其结构一般是:
定冠词the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
【真题再现】
(金华十校模拟)TeaisconsideredbysomeEuropeans________populardrink,whilecoffeecomessecond.
A.amostB.amore
C.themostD.themore
(2007·南通)Alicecaresmostaboutherclothing,whoisfollowedbyMary,whileDellashows________interestinfashion.
A.moreB.themost
C.lessD.theleast
(成都检测)ItisallknownthatJessicaLynchis________amongalltheAmericanwomensoldierswhoweresenttoIraq.
A.thealiveluckiestgirl
B.theluckiestgirlalive
C.theluckiestalivegirl
D.theluckiestgirlliving
(2)作表语的形容词最高级前,如果不是和别人/他物相比,常不加the。
WearebusiestonMonday.我们周一最忙。
(3)形容词最高级前有物主代词