主题语境4体育活动大型体育赛事体育与降体育精神教师用书教案04101100.docx
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主题语境4体育活动大型体育赛事体育与降体育精神教师用书教案04101100
主题语境(四) 体育活动、(大型)体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神
阅读理解
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ·C)
Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.
Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.
Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.
However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.
Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了竞走这项运动的相关情况及其与跑步的不同之处。
1.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?
A.Theymustrunlongdistances.
B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.
C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.
D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.
C [推理判断题。
由题干中的关键词conditionedathletes可将解题信息定位至第二段,根据该段中的“Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.”可知,竞走运动的规则要求竞走者的膝关节在腿摆动时的大部分时间里伸直,同时一只脚保持与地面接触。
据此可知,竞走者必须遵循一些特殊的运动规则,故C项正确。
]
2.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?
A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.
B.It'slesschallengingphysically.
C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.
D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.
D [细节理解题。
根据第五段中的“someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers”可知,一些与跑步有关的损伤,如跑步者的膝盖(受伤),在竞走者中并不常见。
据此可知,竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤,故D项正确。
]
3.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?
A.Gettingexperts'opinions.
B.Havingamedicalcheckup.
C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.
D.Doingregularexercises.
A [细节理解题。
根据第五段中的“anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique”可知,Norberg博士建议任何希望尝试竞走的人或许应该首先咨询下教练或有经验的竞走者,以学习正确的技巧,故A项正确。
]
4.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?
A.Skeptical. B.Objective.
C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.
B [观点态度题。
根据全文内容可知,作者提到了竞走这项运动的好处,同时也指出了它的一些危害,态度是客观的,故B项正确。
]
阅读七选五
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!
Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.1Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.
·Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.2
·Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart.3Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.
·4Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.
·5Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?
Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.
Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!
Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.
A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.
B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.
C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.
D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.
E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.
F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.
G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
从工作效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。
1.G [空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处,所以G项“如果你打算经常锻炼,或者你现在正在锻炼,那就注意听”符合语境。
]
2.E [根据空处前两句(你的工作效率提高了;锻炼会让你更清醒,并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知,此空应选E项“运动后你可以保持头脑清醒4-10个小时”。
moreawake与E项中的clear照应。
]
3.F [由此空后的“getting...thewholeday”与F项中的“burncaloriesthroughouttheday”一致可知,答案为F项“在你运动之后,你一整天都在消耗卡路里”。
]
4.B [此空是本段的中心句,根据本段内容可知,本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处,所以选B项“你的睡眠质量提高了”。
空后一句中的“sleptbetter”是关键信息。
]
5.A [根据本段中的“healthyfood”和“junkfood”与选项A中的diet有关可知,此空应选A项“你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)”。
]
完形填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.Thatmeant1MillerKing,whowasthebest2atourschool.
FootballseasonstartedinSeptemberandallsummerlongIworkedout.Icarriedmyfootballeverywherefor3.
JustbeforeSeptember,Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.Iwenttoseehimafterhecamebackfrom4.Helookedvery5,buthedidn'tcry.
Thatseason,I6allofMiller'srecordswhilehe7thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent101andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,8IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller's9.
Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller10goingoverafence—whichwasn't11toclimbifyouhadbotharms.I'msureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept12from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I13himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally14ontheotherside,hesaidtome,“Youknow,Ididn'ttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid15.Thankyouforfillinginfor16.”
Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad17.Ithoughttomyself,howevenwithoutanarmhewasmoreofaleader.Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewas18aheadofme.Iwasrighttohave19him.Fromthatdayon,Igrew20andalittlemorereal.
【语篇解读】 在学校“我”喜欢踢足球,并且很崇拜MillerKing,但是他因为车祸失去了右臂而不能参加比赛了。
“我”代替了他,并且取得了骄人的成绩。
“我”心里感觉对不起他,但是他的话让“我”深受感动。
1.A.cheeringforB.beatingout
C.relyingonD.stayingwith
B [联系空前的“tobecomethestaronourfootballteam”和空后的“whowasthebest...”可知,“我”要成为足球队的明星,就意味着要击败(beatout)最好的球员MillerKing。
]
2.A.coach B.student
C.teacher D.player
D [联系前文“我要在足球上打败MillerKing”可知,他是学校最好的球员(player)。
]
3.A.practiceB.show
C.comfortD.pleasure
A [联系前文“allsummerlongIworkedout”可知,整个夏天自己都带着足球,在外练习(practice)。
]
4.A.schoolB.vacation
C.hospitalD.training
C [联系前文“Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.”可知,他出车祸,住院了,然后从医院(hospital)回来。
]
5.A.paleB.calm
C.relaxedD.ashamed
A [联系前文“他刚从医院回来”可知他脸色苍白(pale)。
]
6.A.heldB.broke
C.setD.tried
B [联系下文“Wewent101andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer...”可知,“我”打破(break)了Miller所有的纪录。
]
7.A.reportedB.judged
C.organizedD.watched
D [联系空后的“thehomegamesfromthebench”可知,他坐在凳子上看(watch)比赛。
]
8.A.andB.then
C.butD.thus
C [前后两部分在语意上是转折关系,因此用but。
]
9.A.decisionB.mistake
C.accidentD.sacrifice
C [联系空前的“Miller's”以及前文讲述的Miller因为车祸致残不能参加比赛的情况可知,作者总是责备自己,因为Miller遭遇车祸(accident)了自己才有机会。
]
10.A.stuckB.hurt
C.tiredD.lost
A [联系后文“whichwasn't________(hard)toclimbifyouhadbotharms”可知,因为现在失去了右臂,他过篱笆时被卡住(stuck)了。
]
11.A.steadyB.hard
C.funD.fit
B [联系空后的“ifyouhadbotharms”可知,现在他被卡住了,如果有两只胳膊,过篱笆对于他来说,不是难(hard)事。
]
12.A.praiseB.advice
C.assistanceD.apology
C [联系下文“I________(helped)himmoveslowlyoverthefence.”可知,“我”帮助了他,但是“我”认为他是不想接受“我”的帮助(assistance)。
]
13.A.letB.helped
C.hadD.noticed
B [联系前文可知,他卡在那里,再联系空后“himmoveslowlyoverthefence”可知,“我”帮助(help)他从篱笆上下来。
]
14.A.droppedB.ready
C.trappedD.safe
D [由前文的“moveslowlyoverthefence”和空后的“ontheotherside”可知,最后我们安全(safe)了。
]
15.A.fineB.wrong
C.quicklyD.normally
A [联系前文“Wewent101andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer”可知,他说“我”做得很好(fine)。
]
16.A.usB.yourself
C.meD.them
C [联系空前的“fillingin”可知,因为Miller受伤,作者代替了他,此处是Miller说的话,所以用me。
]
17.A.memoriesB.ideas
C.attitudesD.dreams
D [联系前文“IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblame”可知,他的话让“我”从这些不好的梦(dream)中摆脱出来。
]
18.A.stillB.also
C.yetD.just
A [联系空前的“Damagedbutnotdefeated”可知,Miller尽管受伤,但是没有被打败,他仍(still)在“我”的前面。
]
19.A.challengedB.cured
C.invitedD.admired
D [联系前文“MillerKing,whowasthebest________(player)atourschool”可知,“我”崇拜(admire)他。
]
20.A.healthierB.bigger
C.clevererD.cooler
B [联系空后的“andalittlemorereal”可知,自己渐渐长大(bigger)。
]
Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思
1.conditionedadj.符合条件的
2.straightadj.直的
3.physicallyadv.身体地
4.approximatelyadv.大约;大概
5.considerableadv.相当大地
6.swingv.摆动
7.skepticaladj.怀疑的
8.objectiveadj.客观的
9.conservativeadj.保守的
10.productivityn.生产力
11.energizev.使充满活力
12.crazyadj.疯狂的
13.fencen.篱笆;栅栏
14.trainingn.培训;训练
15.sacrificev.牺牲
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语写出英文单词
1.eventn.赛事;比赛
2.weightn.重量
3.consultv.请教
4.dietn.饮食
5.acceptv.接受
6.damagev.损害
7.defeatv.击败
8.judgev.判断
9.praisev.称赞
10.memoryn.记忆;记忆力
Ⅲ.根据所给提示写出派生单词
1.calculatev.计算;推算→calculationn.计算;推算
2.commonadj.常见的→uncommonadj.稀有的;非凡的
3.cau