英语词汇学课后答案张维友编word精品Word文档格式.docx
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billow
=wave/thesea
bade=bid
12.
Denizens
Aliens
Translationloans
Semanticloans
kettlediewallskirthusband
confrerepropatriaWunderkindmikadoparvenu
chopsticktyphoonblackhumourlongtimenosee
dream
【Chapter2】
Ex.1
TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantIanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostoftheIanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanhavemoreorlessinflueneeonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.
2.
Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily
11
1
Balto-SlavicIndo-Iranian
Celtic
Italian
:
Hellenic
Germanic
Lithuanian
Prussian
Polish
Slavenian
Russian
Bulgarian
6.
Persian
Scottish
Irish
French
Italian
Portuguese
SwedishGermanNorweigianIcelandicDanish
Dutch
Wheninthecourseofhumaneventsitbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'
sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.
MostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatareleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.
8.eventful[Latin+English]hydroplane[Greek+Latin]
falsehood[Latin+English]pacifist[Latin+Greek]saxophone[German+Greek]
heirloom[French+English]
josshouse[Portuguese+English]television
[Greek+Latin]
9.
amateur（late）
finac（late）
empire（early）
peace（E）
courage（E）
garage（L）
judgement（E）
chair（E）
chaise（L）
grace（E）
servant（E）
routine（L）
jealous（E）
savat（L）
genre（L）
gender（E）
d（but（L）
morale（L）
11.
allegro,f
轻快
andante,j
行板
diminuendo,
g渐弱
largo,d
缓慢
pianoforte,a
轻转慢
alto,i
女低首
crescendo,b
渐强
forte,e
强
piano,h
轻
soprano,c
女咼首
snorkel（G）
tulip（Turk）
wok（Ch）
chocolate（Mex）jubilee（Gr）
Sabbath（Heb）tamale（Mex）voodoo（Afr）
cherub（Hebrew）coolie（Hindi）lasso（Sp）shampoo（Indian）tepee（AmInd）kibitz（G）chipmunk（AmInd）cotton（Arab）
loot（Hindi）
sauerbraten（G）
13.
a.alligator
c.rodeo
e.igloo
g.wigwam
i.hurricane
k.panchos
b.loco
d.bonanza
f.blitzkrieg
h.canoe
j.boomerang
【Chapter3
1.
b.allomorph
d.freemorpheme
f.informationalaffix
h.root
j.base
a.morpheme
c.boundmorpheme
e.affix
g.derivationalaffix
i.stem3.individualistic
individualist+ic[stem,base]individual+ist[stem,base]individu+al[stem,base]
in+dividu[root,stem,base]
undesirables
un+desirable[stem,base]desir+able[root,stem,base]
-freemorpheme=freeroot
morphemeboundroot
boundmorpheme-inflectionalaffix
Laffix+rprefix
derivationalaffix
suffix
【Chapter4】
Affixation
5.
non-smokerdisobeyimmatureunwillingnessillogicalnon-athletic
incapable
insecurity
inability/disabilityillegaldisloyal
impracticalirrelevantunofficiallydisagreementinconvenient
harden
horrify
modernize
memorize
falsify
apologize
deepen
glorify
sterilize
lengthen
intensify
beautify
fatten
sympathize
a.apologized
b.beautify
c.lengthening
d.sympathized
e.fatten
f.falsify
g.memorizing
h.Sterilize
a.employee
b.politician
c.participant
d.waitress
e.conductor
f.teacher
g.pianist
h.examinee/examiner
trans-=across:
transcontinental,trans-worldmono-=one:
monorail,monoculture
super-=over,above:
superstructure,supernaturalauto-=self:
autobiography,automobile
sub-=bad,badly:
malpractice,malnutritionmini-=little,small:
minicrisis,miniwarpre-=before:
prehistorical,preelectionex-=former:
ex-teacher,ex-filmer
brainwashing[V+O]bakingpowder[V+adv]dog-tired[adv+a]love-sick[adv+a]peace-loving[V+0]easychair[a+n]tax-free[adv+a]goings-on[V+adv]
Compounding
heartbeat[S+V]movie-goer[place+V]far-reaching[V+Adv]lion-hearted[adv+a]boyfriend[S+complement]snapdecision[V+O]on-coming[V+adv]light-blue[a+a]
4.well-bred/well-behaved
culture-bound/homebound
needlework/homeworkbar-woman/sportswomanclear-minded/strong-mindedself-control/self-respectwater-proof/fire-proofnews-film/news-lettersister-in-law/father-in-lawhalf-way/half-doneage-conscious/status-conscious
praiseworthy/respectworthynation-wide/college-widemilitary-style/newstylebudget-related/politics-relatedonce-fashionable/once-powerfulmock-attack/mock-sadnesshome-baked/home-producedever-lasting/ever-greencampus-based/market-based
Conversion
7.a.stomach[nfv]
b.room[nf
c.wolf[nf
d.come/go[v
e.familiar[a
f.
nnm
innocent[a
g.flat[af
h.ah/ouch[int
i.warm[afn]
j.has-been/might-havebeen[finitevfn]
k.Hamlet[propernfv]
l.buy[vfn]
m.smooth[afv]
Blending
motel（motor+hotel）
humint（human+intelligenee）
advertisetics（advertisement+statistics）psywarrior（psychologicalwarrior）hoverport（hovercraft+port）
chunnel（channel+tunnel）
hi-fi（high+fidelity）
Clipping
copter（helicopter）lab（laboratory）gas（gasoline）scope（telescope*sarge^ergeant）ad（advertisement）
cinemactressQnema+actress
dorm（dormitory）prefab（prefabricatedhouse）prof（professor）champ（champion）mike（microphone）tec（detective）
Acronymy
2.kg=kilogramft=footcf=confercm=centimeter$=dollar
ibid=ibidemetc.=etceteraVIP=veryimportantperson
OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries
TOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignIanguage
3.a.SALT
b.radar
c.AIDS
d.BASIC
e.Laser
f.WHO
g.sonar
h.G-man
Backformation
2.lase（laser）
escalate（escalator）
babysit（babysitter）
peeve（peevish）
orate（orator）commute（commuter）
CommonizationofProperNames
a.tantalize—Tantalus
b.Argus-eyec—Argus
c.narcissism—Narcissus
d.sabotage-sabots
e.martinet—Martinet
f.yahoo—Yahoo
g.Shylock—Shylock
h.hoovering—Hoover
i.utopia—Utopia
j.UncleTommism—UncleTom
【Chapter5】
6.apes—bbirds—a
cattle—mcricket—n
doves—cfoxes—j
geese-ksheep-f
wolves—gpigs—lturkeys—dmonkeys—ehyenas—hswans—i
9.a.Ascientistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusesfornuclearpowermighthaveallthepositiveassociationswith“atomic”,suchas
“benefit,energy”,etc.
b.AJapaneseresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosionattheend
ofWorldWarII,mighthaveallthenegativeassociationswith“atomic
suchas“suffering,killing,death,horror"
etc.
c.Toastudentofnuclearphysics,“atomic”mightbeassociatedwith“my
scienee,knowledge”,etc.
10.talkative:
articulate:
gossip:
implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandatlengthneutral）expressingoneselfeasilyandclearlypositive
indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers（negative
rambling:
talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas（negative）
fluent:
speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressivelypositive
mouthy:
overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway（nagative）
No
Appreciative
Neutral
Pejorative
1「
particular
fastidious/fussy
2
critical
fault-finding/picky
3
style/vogue
fad
4:
artful
cunning/sly
5
unstable
fickle/capricious
6
developing
underdeveloped/backward
7:
encourage/promote
instigate
8
group
clique/gang
bull
[-HUMAN
+MALE
+ADULT
+BOVINE]
cow
-MALE
calf
±
MALE
-ADULT
rooster[-HUMAN
+GALLINE]
hen
chicken[-HUMAN
-HUMAN
+BOVINE
rooster
chicken
+GALLINE
14.
[Chapter6】
Polysemy
4.
diningtable
counciltable
foodservedatthetable;
mealsuppliedbytheweekormonth
councilors;
committee;
directorsofacompany
Homonymy
4.1）Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans“have
enoughmoneyforone'
sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverlyusesthepairof
homonymsmeatandmeettomakeapun.Itmakesaproperanswerto
thelady'
squestio
（1）Butcherscannotmakebothendsmeat（makewhole
sausageswithallmeat）becausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet（Iftheymadesausageswithallmeat,whichismorecostly,theywouldnot
earnenoughmoneytosurvive.）
（2）Don'
tcomplain.Allthebutchersdo
thesame.Iamnottheonlyonewhoismakingsausageswithbread.
2）Swallowisabirdwhichisseeninsummer.Butbyoneswallowwesee,we
cannotdeducethatitisalreadysummertime.Swallowcanalsomeanamouthfulofwine.Onacoldwinterday,ifonehasaswallowofwine,onemayfeelwarm.
3）armshastwomeanings:
weapons;
thehumanupperlimbs.Sineeacannon
balltookoffhislegs”，thesoldierwasnotabletofighton,sohelaid
downhisupper
hisarmS'
whichmeansSurrende”.ltcanalsomeanhelaiddo
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