高中英语现在分词与过去分词.docx
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高中英语现在分词与过去分词
现在分词和过去分词作状语
现在分词Ving表示主动关系，正在进行的动作
过去分词Ved表示被动关系，已经完成的动作
逻辑概念
He went out, shutting the door behind him.
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：
lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
时间概念
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. Having finished his homework, he went home.
Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.
现在分词（v-ing）做状语，表示动作与主句中的谓语动词的动作同时发生（表示伴随），或在主句中的谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后发生。
现在分词（v-ing）做状语时，和主句中的谓语动词共用一个主语
（1）Knowingthattheyweregoingtothefactorynextweek,thestudentsbegantomakepreparations
（2）Hecameuptome,saying,“Gladtoseeyouagain”
（3）Lookingaround,IrealizedwithashockthatIwastheonlypassengerleftonthebus.
（4）Lyinginherbed,shefeltsocomfortable
（5）Hedied,leavingalotofmoneytohiswife.
过去分词（非谓语动词）做状语时，和主句中的谓语动词动共用一个主语
简单句
（1）Thecitywasdestroyed（破坏）duringthewar.
（2）Ithasnowbeenrebuilt.
复合句Destroyedduringthewar,thecityhasnowbeenrebuilt.
同义句转化
Thecarwasdamaged（损坏）inanaccident.Ithasnowbeenrepaired.
Hewasbornnearlyahundredyearsago.Heremembersaworldwithoutaeroplanes.
Theboxerwasknockedoutinhisfirstmatch.Hehasneverbeenthesamesince.
Hewasbittentwicebyourdog.Hewasafraidtocometoourhouseagain.
Ifoundthefrontdoorlocked.Iwenttotheback.
Isawthefrontdooropen.Iwentin.
Myfatherneededsomeexercise.Hewalkedtosheshops.
Jennytidiedherdeskdrawers.Shefoundsomemoneyinanenvelope.
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1. He continued to walk up and down，_____ （lost） in thought．
2.When ____ （turn） on，the radio still does not work．
3. Once__ （recover）he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
4. ____（see） his mother，the baby burst into laughter．
5. ____with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
6. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
Having been separated D. To be separated
7. __a____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
8.All night long he lay awake, ___b____ how to drive the American invaders back home. A. to think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought 9.__a____good , the food was sold out soon.
A. Tasting B. Tasted C. Being tasted D. Having been tasted 10.___a___the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.
A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening
一、
二、注意点
1、否定形式（前面加not）
Notgivenachance,hefeltdisappointed.
Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtomeforhelp.
2、不及物动词、连系动词常用现在分词做定语、状语等；及物动词常用过去分词。
Therearemanyeventshappeningintheworldeveryday.
providehelpforthepeoplegoinghungry.
theremainingbooks
3、现在分词表动作的主动或正在发生；过去分词表动作的被动或已经完成。
thefalling/fallenleavestheboiling/boiledwatertherising/risensun
thedeveloped/developingcountriesapollutedriverasleepingboy
4、分词不具有名词特征，不可做主语或宾语。
（定语、表语、状语、宾补/主补）
Participatinginvarioussocialactivitiesisbeneficialtoourfuture.（动名词）
Praisedinpublicmadehimshy.（错）
Beingpraisedinpublicmadehimshy.
三、做定语/表语
1、和定语从句的转换
Thestudentwhoissleepinghassufferedahighfever.
Thesleepingstudenthassufferedahighfever.
Thosewhohavedrunkthewaterwhichispollutedmaygetpoisoned.
Thosewhohavedrunkthepollutedwatermaygetpoisoned.
2、单个分词做定语常置于名词之前；分词短语常置于名词之后。
Doyouknowthemanseated/sittingnexttotheprofessor?
Themanlookingatthemaphasgotlost.
Thebuildingcompletedaheadoftimehascaughtmanypeople’sattention.
比较：
Thebuildingbeingbuilthascaughtmanypeople’sattention.
Thebuildingtobebuiltnextyeariswelldesigned.
3、现在分词和动名词做定语时的区别
areadingroom（动名词）aswimmingpool（动名词）acryingbaby（现在分词）awashingmachine（动名词）
4、使役动词的分词形式做定语或表语时，常遵循人V-ed,物V-ing的原则，但修饰反映人心理活动或某种情绪的词时，用V-ed形式.
encouragingwordsanembarrassingatmospherefeelembarrassedbeshocked
excitedtearsasurprised/determined/frightenedlook
Afterhearingmyencouragingwords,adeterminedlookappearedonhisface.
5、修饰令他人有某种情绪的词时，无论人还是物均用V-ing.
Thedisappointingstudenthasdisappointedhisparentsasecondtime.
6、有些分词已经形容词化了
ademandingjobapromisingteacheraninterestingbook
三、做状语（时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果状语）
1、强调前后主语的一致。
Seenfromthehill,Ifindourschoolsmall.（错）
Seenfromthehill,ourschoollookssmall.
Seeingfromthehill,Ifindourschoolsmall.
2、原因、时间、条件、让步、方式状语常置于句首，不强调动作先后时遵循主动V-ing被动V-ed。
Givenmoretime,Icoulddobetter.
Beingtoofat,youshouldtakeregularexercisetoloseweight.
Determinedtocatchupwithothers,heworksdayandnight.
Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.
3、若有时间先后，可借助having
Havingfailedmanytimes,hemadeuphismindtogoabroadforfurthereducation.
HavingbeenshownaroundTian’anmenSquare,thetouristsweretakentovisitthePalaceMuseum.
Nothavingmethimbefore,I’mverycurious.
4、伴随状语常置于句末
They’restillsittingonthesofa,absorbedinconversation.
Thestudentsareridingonthestreet,talkingandlaughing.
5、结果状语常置于句末，典型例子making,leaving,causing
Theyallleft,leavingmestandingtherealone.
Englishisspokenbymanypeopleinvariouscountries,makingitthemostpopularlanguageintheworld.
比较：
不定式做结果状语
Hewentabroad,nevertoreturn.
Theyliftedarock,onlytodropitontheirownfeet.
四、做宾补常用于以下结构
1、see/hear/watch/notice/find/feel+sb+分词
Isawabooklyingthere
Abookwasseenlyingthere.
Hefoundhishometowngreatlychangedaftermanyyears.
2、leave/keep+宾语+分词
Afloodhittheareatheotherday,leavingfewhousesstanding.
Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.
3、have/get+宾语+分词
Itistimethatyouhadyourwashingmachinerepaired.
Ican’tgetmycargoing.
IwilltrymybesttogetmyEnglishimproved.
4、catch/sendsbdoing→becaught/sentdoing
Thegirlwhowascaughtcheatinghasadmittedhermistake.
Asuddenrainsenttheplayersandtheaudiencerunninginalldirectionsforcover.
5、with+宾语+分词
Withthepopulationgrowingrapidly,weneedmorelivingmaterials.
Withgreentreessurrounded,itisreallyagoodplacetolivein.
Withthefellowleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthetemple.
五、前后主语不一致时，可用独立主格结构
Weatherpermitting,wewillholdthesportsmeeting.
Moneycollected,wesetaboutcarryingouttheplan.
Thesunrisen,everythinglooksbeautiful.
Therebeing阿heavyrain,wehadtohaveabreak.
六、一些常用固定结构
judgingfrom/by…
considering…
comparedwith…
totellyouthetruth…
generallyspeaking…
speakingof…
including…/included
Judgingfromhislook,wethoughthewasbadlyhurt.
Consideringthepresenteconomicsituation,youshouldcutbackonyourexpenses.
Speakingoffactories,peopleoftenthinkofairandwaterpollution.
Comparedwiththestudentsintheremotemountainousareas,youaresolucky.
Manyastudenthasmadegreatprogress,includingsomenaughtyones.
七、拓展：
therebe结构和非谓语动词的连用。
1、Therebe…+doing/done/todo
Therearelargeareaspollutedbyindustrialwaste.
Thereusedtobemanybirdsflyinginthebluesky.
Whattroubleshimthesedaysisthattherearetoomanythingstodo.
2、动词+theretobe/therebeing…如expect/want/like/hate/mind/imagine等
Asseniormiddleschoolstudents,weexpecttheretobemorefreetimetorelaxourselves.
Doyoumindtherebeingtwomorestudentsinyourclass?
3、句型Itis+adj.+for+theretobe…
Itiscommonfortheretobeamisunderstandingbetweenteachersandstudents.
I.单项选择
1.____thehouseonfire,hedialed119.
A.Tosee B.Seeing C.Havingseen D.Beingseen
2.Ifelldownandbrokethreeofmyteeth. IwonderhowmanytimesIhavetocomehereandgetmyfalseteeth____.
A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.tofix
3.We’re___tolistentoher____voice. It’s___ tohearhersing.
A.pleased;pleasing;pleasure B.pleased;pleasant;apleasure
C.pleasing;pleased;apleasure D.pleasing;pleasant;pleasure
4.___apostoffice,Istopped____somestamps.
A.Passed,buying B.Passing,tobuy
C.Havingpassed,buy D.Pass,tobuy
5.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.
A.Comparing B.Tocompare C.Compared D.Havingcompared
6.Herearesomenewcomputerprograms____forhomebuildings.
A.designing B.design C.designed D.todesign
7.____alittlemoney,Jimmywasabletobuyhismotheralovelynewlamp.
A.Tosave B.Saving C.Saved D.Havingsaved
8.Theteachercameintotheclassroom____byhisstudents.
A.following B.tobefollowing
C.followed D.havingfollowed
9.Withthemoney___,hecouldn’tbuyanyticket.
A.tolose B.losing C.lost D.haslost
10.Therewassomuchnoiseintheroomthatthespeakercouldn’tm
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