外文翻译--温室控制系统-精品.doc

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Greenhousecontrolsystem

one,automaticcontrol.Usingthecomputertechnologyandthemoderncontroltheorytothegreenhouseeachkindofenvironmentfactor,includingthetemperature,theillumination,thehumidity,theCO2densityandappliesfertilizerandsoon,carriesontheautomaticcontrolandadjustsintothegreenhousecontrolthefundamentalmode.Accordingtothegreenhousecrops'habitofgrowthandthemarketneed,thepartevencompletelygetsridofthenaturalenvironmenttherestraint,makestheartificialcreationbeingsuitablecropstogrowthebestenvironmentautomaticcontroltechnologicalmeanstobecomethemainstream.Thistime'sgreenhousehasthequitecompletecontrolsystem,haseachkindofsensortogatherthegreenhouseenvironmentaldata,thesupervisorysystemreal-timemonitorenvironmentalvariationandthecontrolimplementingagencymovement,thegoodman-machinecontactsurfacecausesgrower'soperatingprocessimagemoreovertobesimple.Thiskindofcontrolsystemneedsthegrowertoinputthegreenhousecropstogrowneedstheenvironmentthetargetcomponent,thecomputerwiththetargetvaluewhichestablishesbeforehandcarriesonthecomparisonaccordingtosensor'sactualobservedvalue,decidedthatthegreenhouseenvironmentfactorthecontrolledprocess,thecontrolcorrespondingorganizationcarriesontheheating,todecreasetemperatureandtoventilateandsoonmovements.Thecomputerautomaticcontrol'sgreenhousecontroltechnologyhasrealizedtheproductionautomation,suitstheformalizationproduction,thelaborproductivityhastheenhancement.Throughchangesthegreenhouseenvironmenthypothesistargetvalue,maycarryonthegreenhouseinnerrimboundaryclimatecontrolautomatically,butthiscontrolmodemakestheresponsepromptlywithdifficultytothecropsgrowthcondition'schange,involvestheinherentlawswhichwithdifficultythecropsgrow.Atpresentourcountrymajorpartindependentdevelopment'slarge-scalemodernizedgreenhouseandtheintroductionoverseasequipmentbelongstothiscontrolmode.

Second,intellectualizedcontrol.Thisisinthegreenhouseautomaticcontroltechnologyandintheproductionpracticefoundation,throughthesummary,thecollectionagriculturedomainknowledge,thetechnologyandeachkindoftentativedataconstructstheexpertsystem,takeestablishestheplantgrowththemathematicalmodelasthetheorybasis,onekindwhichtheresearchdevelopsthegreenhouseexpertcontrolsystemtechnologywhichsuitsthedifferentcropstogrow.Thiskindofintellectualization'scontroltechnologytheagronomistsystemandthegreenhouseautomaticcontroltechnologyorganicsynthesis,takesbythegreenhousecombinedenvironmentfactorgatheringandtheanalysisobject,throughexpertsystem'sconsultationandthedecision-making,givesthebestenvironmentparameterwhichthedifferenttimecropsgrowneed,andrestsonthisoptimumparametertothedatawhichreal-timeobtainstocarryonfuzzyprocessing,theautomaticselectionisreasonable,theoptimizedadjustmentscheme,thecontrolimplementingagency'scorrespondingmovement,realizesthegreenhouseintellectualizedmanagementandtheproduction.Theagronomistsystemhasprovidedonebrand-newprocessingcomplexagriculturequestionthinkingmethodandthetechnologicalmeansforus.Itcanactaccordingtothegreenhouseenvironmentalconditionandthecropsgrowthcondition,appliesthesuitableknowledgeexpressionandtheregularization,theinferencedecision-makingleavesmostsuitsthegreenhouseenvironmentwhichthecropsgrow.Appliestheagronomistsysteminthegreenhousereal-timemonitoringandtheautomaticregulationisthegreenhousedevelopmentnewluminescentspot.Thiscontrolmodebothcanmanifesttheinherentlawswhichthecropsgrow,thedisplayagronomist'sinagriculturalproductioninstructionfunction,andmayusethecomputertechnologyfullythesuperiority,causessystem'sregulationtobeconvenientandeffective,realizesthegreenhousecompleteintellectualizedcontrol.Therefore,thegreenhouseexpertcontrolsystemtechnologyisonekindisquiteideal,thecomparisontohavethecareerdevelopmentcontrolmode.Modernlarge-scalegreenhousetoachieveintelligentcontrol,computercontrolsystemmusthavenaturalventilationsystem,externalshadingsystems,internalinsulationandfinishsystems,wetcurtain/fanforcedcoolingsystem,CO2AirSystem,micro-mistsystem,premiumopticalsystem,irrigation/fertilizationsystem,breedingsystem,top-spraysystem,heatingsystem,plantprotectionsystems,lightingsystems,pickingsystemsequipment.Asavectorcontrolgreenhousecontrolsystemfromthecontroller'sadvancedandreliableperformanceofthesensor,asound-artcontrolprocedures,suchasprintersandmonitors,toachievetheabove-mentionedgreenhouseequipmenttomonitortheoptimaloperation.Changringdevelopedautomatedcontrolsystemtoautomaticmeasurementofgreenhouseclimateandsoilparameters,andallgreenhouseequipmentcanbeconfiguredtoachieveoptimaloperationofautomaticcontrol,suchaswindows,heating,cooling,humidity,light,CO2supplementedirrigation,fertilization,andcirculationandsoon.Changringgreenhousedevelopedintelligentcontrolsystemclosed-loopcontrolmethodofoutdoorwindspeed,winddirection,sunlightradiation,temperatureandindoortemperatureandhumidityfactors,suchascollection,processingthroughthecontrollerwillcontroltheoutcomeofreturntothesceneandadjustthesceneimplementingagencies,theclimaticfactorsontheindoorreal-timecontrolimplementation,inordertoguaranteethecontrolofthereliabilityofprecisionandcontrol.Intelligentcontrolsystemofgreenhousegreenhouseenvironmentcontrolprocessparametersandoperatingparametersoftheexecutingagencyandotherinformationthroughthesensorintoelectricalsignalssenttothecomputer,theagriculturalexpertsystembasedondifferentcropsatdifferenttimesofthephysiologicalneedsofcropgrowthindifferentperiodsoftimesetautomaticallytemperature,humidity,lightandCO2concentrationasanidealrangeofthebestdataandtheactualtestingdataanddeviationsfromtheidealdatafortheregulationoftheamountofgreenhousegases.Whenthegreenhousetemperaturedeviationovertheupperlimitset,theissueofregulationofcomputerinstructions,theexecutingagencytoopentheventilationcoolingsystem;ifthegreenhousetemperaturebelowthesetminimumdeviation,theissueofregulationofcomputerinstructions,opentheventilationsystem;whenthehumidityislowerthanforHumiditywillbeunderthelimit,theissueofregulationofcomputerinstructions,openthehumidificationheatingsystem;whenCO2concentrationsexceedingtherangelimit,thecomputerautomaticallyswitchesventilationsystemandtheCO2generator.Greenhousecontrolsystemintelligentgreenhouseprospectsforthedevelopmentofstrategiesforsustainabledevelopmentintheopen,undertheguidanceofthenewdirectionofagriculture.Cropyieldsfromthepointofview,ithasahighoutputvalueperunitarea;onenvironmentalprotectionpointofview,itcannotonlyoutputcleanfruitsandvegetables,andasaresultofprecisecontrolofchemicalfertilizersandotheradditivesusedalsotoavoidtheonsoilandgroundwaterpollution.Greenhousevegetableproductionhasbeenextendedfromtheflowers,fruitsandlivestock,aquaculture,forestnursery,mushroom,Chineseherbalmedicineandotherfields.ThemodernizationofChina'sgreenhouse,withtheexceptionofintelligentcontrolsystems,thebasichardwaresystemtoachievesynchronizationwiththeinternationallevel.Canbeseenthattheagriculturalexpertsystemappliedtoreal-timegreenhousemonitoringandautomaticcontroltechnologyisnodoubtanewbrightspotinthegreenhouse,thegreenhouseisalsoatrendinthedevelopmentofcontroltechnology.Itsdevelopmentpotentialandapplicationofalargespace,theactualproductionofthefarmersareveryimportantguidingsignificance.Meettheneedsofthegreenhouseproductionandeasethecontradictionbetweenthelackofexpertsinthefield,therebygreatlyimprovingtheconversionrateofscienceandtechnology,inplaceandthepenetrationrate.

温室控制系统

一、自动控制。

利用计算机技术及现代控制理论对温室内的各种环境因子，包括温度、光照、湿度、CO2浓度和施肥等，进行自动控制和调节成为温室控制的主要方式。

根据温室作物的生长习性和市场的需要，部分甚至完全摆脱自然环境的约束，使人为创造适宜作物生长最佳环境的自动控制技术手段成为主流。

此时的温室有比较完整的控制系统，有各种传感器采集温室环境数据，监控系统实时监测环境变化及控制执行机构的动作，良好的人机界面使种植者的操作过程形象而且简便。

这种控制系统需要种植者输入温室作物生长所需环境的目标参数，计算机根据传感器的实际测量值与事先设定的目标值进行比较，以决定温室环境因子的控制过程，控制相应机构进行加热、降温和通风等动作。

计算机自动控制的温室控制技术实现了生产自动化，适合规模化生产，劳动生产率得到提高。

通过改变温室环境设定目标值，可以自动地进行温室内环境气候调节，但是这种控制方式对作物生长状况的改变难以及时作出反应，难以介入作物生长的内在规律。

目前我国绝大部分自主开发的大型现代化温室及引进的国外设备都属于这种控制方式。

二、智能化控制。

这是在温室自动控制技术和生产实践的基础上，通过总结、收集农业领域知识、技术和各种试验数据构建专家系统，以建立植物生长的数学模型为理论依据，研究开发出的一种适合不同作物生长的温室专家控制系统技术。

这种智能化的控制技术将农业专家系统与温室自动控制技术有机结合，以温室综合环境因子作为采集与分析对象，通过专家系统的咨询与决策，给出不同时期作物生长所需要的最佳环境参数，并且依据此最佳参数对实时测得的数据进行模糊处理，自动选择合理、优化的调整方案，控制执行机构的相应动作，实现温室的智能化管理与生产。

农业专家系统为我们提供了一种全新的处理复杂农业问题的思想方法和技术手段。

它能够根据温室环境条件和作物生长状况，应用适当的知识表达和规则化，推理决策出最适合作物生长的温室环境。

将农业专家系统应用于温室的实时监控与自动调控是温室发展的新亮点。

这种控制方式既能体现作物生长的内在规律，发挥农业专家在农业生产中的指导作用，又可充分利用计算机技术的优势，使系统的调控非常方便和有效，实现温室的完全智能化控制。

因此，温室专家控制系统技术是一种比较理想、比较有发展前途的控制方式。

现代化大型温室实现智能化控制，必须具备计算机控制系统、自然通风系统、外遮阳系统、内保温系统、湿帘/风扇强制降温系统、CO2补气系统、微雾系统、补光系统、灌溉/施肥系统、育苗系统、顶喷淋系统、加热系统、植保系统、照明系统、采摘系统等配套设备。

而作为温室控制载体的控制系统则由先进的控制器、性能可靠的传感器、完善的尖端控制程序、打印机和显示器等组成，以实现对上述温室配套设备的优化运行监控。

畅响公司开发的自动化控制系统能够自动测量温室的气候和土壤参数，并对温室内配置的所有设备均能实现优化运行自动控制，如开窗、加温、降温、加湿、光照、CO2补充、灌溉、施肥和环流等。

畅响公司开发的智能温室控制系统采用闭环控制方法，对室外风速、风向、日照辐射、温度及室内的温湿度等因素进行采集，通过控制器处理后，将控制结果返回到现场，调节现场的执行机构，对室内的气候因素实施实时控制，以此来保证控制的精度及控制的可靠性。

智能温室控制系统的控制过程温室中环境参数及执行机构工作参数等信息通过各传感器转变成电信号传送到计算机，农业专家系统根据不同作物在不同时期的生理需要，在作物生长的不同时期自动设定温度、湿度、光照和CO2浓度等的最佳值域作为理想数据，并将实际检测数据与理想数据的偏差作为温室气候的