英语四级阅读理解练习及答案解析.docx

英语四级阅读理解练习及答案解析.docx

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英语四级阅读理解练习及答案解析

英语四级阅读练习及答案

PassageOne:

Asthehorizonsofsciencehaveexpended,twomaingroupsofscientistshaveemerged.Oneisthepurescientist,theother,appliedscientist.

Thepureortheoreticalscientistdoesoriginalresearchinordertounderstandthebasiclawsofthenaturethatgovernourworld.Theappliedscientistadaptsthisknowledgetopracticeproblems.Neitherismoreimportantthantheothers,however,forthegroupsareverymuchrelated.

Sometimes,however,theappliedscientistfindsthe“problems”forthetheoreticalscientisttoworkon.Let’stakeaparticularproblemoftheaircraftindustry:

heat-resistantmetals.Manyofthemetalsandalloysthatperformsatisfactorilyincarcannotbeusedinajet-propelled（喷气推进式）plane,Newalloysmustbeused,becausethejetengineoperatesatamuchhighertemperaturethananautomobileengine.Theturbinewheel（涡轮）inaturbojet（涡轮喷气发动机）mustwithstandtemperaturesashighas1,600degreesFahrenheit,soaircraftdesignershavetoturntotheresearchmetallurgistforthedevelopmentofmetalsandalloysthatwoulddothejobinjet-propelledplanes.

Divingscientistsintotwogroups-pureandapplied-isonlyonebroadwayofclassifyingthem,however.Whenscientificknowledgewasverylimited,therewasnoneedformentospecialize.Today,withthegreatbodyofscientificknowledge,scientistsspecializeinmanydifferentfields.Withineachfield,thereisevenfurthersubdivision.And,withfinerandfinersubdivisions,thevariousscienceshavebecomemoreandmoreinterrelateduntilnobranchisentirelyindependentoftheothers.Manynewspecialties-geophysicsandbiochemistry,forexample-haveresultedfromcombiningtheknowledgeoftwoormorescience.

1.Theappliedscientist     

A）    doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsofnature 

B）    appliedtheresultofresearchtopracticalproblems

C）    providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientist

D）    isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems

2.Theexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrateshow           

A）    purescienceoperatesindependentlyofappliedscience

B）     theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsofnature

C）     appliedsciencedefinesalltheareasinwhichbasicresearchisdone

D）     appliedsciencesuggestsproblemsforthebasicscientist    

3.Finerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofsciencehasresultedin    

A）    thelossoftheneedforspecialists

B）    greaterinterdependenceofeachscience

C）    greaterdependenceofeachscience

D）     theneedforonlyoneclassificationifscientists

4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare    .

A）    examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombingsciences

B）    totallydependentsciences

C）    amongtheoldestsciencesknowntoman

D）    bothB）andC）

5.“Thehorizonsofsciencehaveexpanded,”（para1）meansthat    

A）    scientistscanseefurtheroutintospace

B）    sciencehasdeveloped morefieldofhumanendeavor

C）    thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyear

D）    scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthehorizon

PassageTwo:

Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaytakethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonlyanumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample,theaverageamongstudentsisabout6perperson.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirsharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewetakeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,socialposition,andintelligence.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofprimeimportance,itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground.

  Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsincommon—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesamewavelength”.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint.Andthemoreintimatelyinvolvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrelyononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetobreakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.

Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthesupportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerfulbond,whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreakdownofage,classandrace.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,      .   

A）          allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriends

B）        friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustgetonwellwitheachother

C）        everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomakefriends

D）        everystudentshas6friends

7.Whenwemakefriends,weconsidersuchthingsasage,raceandbackgroundbecause    

A）    itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground

B）    thedegreedoffriendshipbetweenpeopleandthereasonfortheirsharedinterestscanvarygreatly

C）    friendsneedtoknowallthesethings

D）    thesearethemostimportantfactorstomakefriends

8.Inparagraph2,“beingonthesamewavelength”means     .

A）    usingthesamefrequencywhiletalking

B）    keepingthesamefriendlyrelationshipasotherpeopledo

C）    havingsimilarideas,beliefs,attitudesandinterests

D）    havingthesamebackground

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedordirectlystatedinthepassage?

A）    Evenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinions

B）    Friendsneverarguewitheachother

C）    Itgenerallytakestimeforpeopletobecomeclosefriends.

D）    Someone’shabitsmayannoyhisfriends.

10.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,people     

A）    mustholdfriendshipceremonies

B）    havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackground

C）    shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesameageandthesamerace

D）    shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthroughsharedexperiencesandemotions

PassageThree:

  Themovementtowardcentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentsofeducationhasinsomecasescreatedfrictionwithcommunities,whichregardthismodernpolicyasusurpation（篡夺,夺取）oftheirrights.Constitutionally,therecanbenodoubtthatthestatehasarighttoprescribe（指示）tothelocaldistrictsinanydegreewhichitwill.Legislatures（立法机构）havebeengivenpowerbyStateConstitutionswhichmakethemthemostimportantpolicy-makingagentforeducationinastate.Legislaturesestablishtheframework（机构）foreducation;theymakedirectappropriationsforeducation;theycreateeducationalinstitutions;andtheydeterminewhetherofnotcertaineducationalprogramsaretobeauthorized,expanded,decreased,oreliminated（废除）.  

TheLegislatureusuallyauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.Itmay,however,provideforastateboardofeducationtoadviseitregardingpolicyandtoadministertheeducationalprogram.Thecentralagencymaydefinetheextentofthelocaldistrictandmaydetermineindetailwhatshallbedonewithinthisdistrict.Whilethisistheconstitutionalrightofthestate,thepracticalfactisthatthelocaldistrictconductsitsschoolsinverylargemeasureaccordingtoitsowndesires,andlocalofficersoftentalkuponstatesupervisionasindefensibleinterference

11.Aboutthecentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentofeducation,somecommunitiesfeelthat      .

A）    theirrightsareimproved

B）    theirrightsareignored

C）    theirrightsareviolated

D）    theirrightsareprotected

12.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingrightsareNOTbelongtothestate?

A）    Therighttoadministerentranceexamination.

B）    Therighttoexpandordecreaseeducationalprograms.

C）    Therighttobudgetschoolprograms

D）    Therighttocreatededucationalinstitutions.

13.WhatdoestheLegislatureusuallydoinadministeringPolicies?

A）    Itadministerspoliciesbyitself.

B）    ItauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmentadministeritspolicies.

C）    ItisauthorizedbyaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.

D）    Itauthorizesastateboardofeducationtoadministertheeducationalprogram.

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactualeducationalsituation?

A）    Thelocaldistricthasalotofcontroloveritsschools

B）    Thecentralagencymayextendtheextentofthelocaldistricts

C）    Statesupervisionisnotalwayswelcometolocaldistricts.

D）    LocalofficersforbidStatesupervisioniftheythinkitisakindofinterference

15.whichofthefollowingtitlescanbestsummarizethearticle?

A）    TheLegislatureAdministersitsPolicies

B）    TheCentralizationofAuthorityinStateDepartmentofEducation

C）    TheRoleoftheStateinEducation

D）    TheRightsoftheLocalDistricts

PassageFour:

  Somepeoplebelievedthatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:

thoseinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherecentincidentoftragedyinvolvingmurderofathletes,buttheGameswer