专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解.docx

专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解.docx

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专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解

专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS（1998）

—GRADEEIGHT

PAPERONE

PARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（40MIN.）

InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingonceonly.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

SECTIONATALK

Questions1to5refertothetalkinthissection.Attheendofthetalkyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothetalk.

1.Accordingtothetalk,compulsivegamblingandalcoholicaddictionsharesimilaritiesbecause

A.noactualfigureofaddictshasbeenreported.

B.noscientificstudieshaveyieldedeffectivesolutions.

C.bothaffectallsectorsofsociety.

D.bothcauseseriousmentalhealthproblems.

2.Thedevelopmentofthegamblingcompulsioncanbedescribedasbeing

A.gradual.B.slow.C.periodic.D.radical.

A.nationaleconomy.B.adultpopulation.

C.youngchildren.D.nationalcurrency.

12.TheWFPisappealingtodonornationsto

A.doublelastyear'sfood-aid.

B.raise$122millionforIraqipeople.

C.provideeachIraqifamilywith$26amonth.

D.helpIraq's12millionpopulation.

Question13isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.

13.Asaresultoftheagreement,thetwocountries'arsenalsaretobe

A.upgradedinreliabilityandsafety.B.reducedinsizeandnumber.

C.dismantledpartlylaterthisyear.D.maintainedintheirpresentconditions.

Questions14and15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews.

14.Wecaninferfromthenewsthat____________ofteenagersundersurveyin1993weredrugusers.

A.28%B.22%C.25%D.21%

15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A.Parentsareaskedtojoinintheanti-drugefforts.

B.TheuseofbothcocaineandLSDareontheincrease.

C.Teenagersholdadifferentviewofdrugstoday.

D.Marijuanaisaspowerfulasitusedtobe.

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthelectureonceonly.Whilelisteningtothelecture,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompletea15-minutegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETafterthemini-lecture.Usetheblankpaperfornote-taking.

ANSWERSHEET

TheRiseofRP

Historicalreasons

Receivedpronunciationwasoriginallyassociatedwitha

（1）spokenintheregionbetweencentralEnglandandLondon,includingOxfordandCambridge.

Itssurvivalwasduetoitsusebythe

（2）inthe14thcenturyandbyuniversitystudentsinthe（3）Ages.

Itsriseinimportanceresultedfromitsapplicationingovernmentandofficialdocuments.

Theprestigeofits（4）patternofpronunciationcameaboutwithitsusein（5）schoolsinthe19thcentury.

Asaresult,its（6）isacceptedbytelevisionandtheradio,theprofessionsandteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage.ThreecharacteristicsofRP

1）itsspeakersdon'tregardthemselvesasconnectedwithanygeographicalregion;

2）RPislargelyusedinEngland;

3）RPisa"class"accent,associatedwith（7）socialclasses.

Itspresentstatus

DeclineintheprestigeofRPistheresultofa）lossofmonopolyofeducationbytheprivileged;b）（8）ofhigheducationinthepost-warperiod.

However,itstillretainsitseminenceamongcertainprofessionalpeople.

Thereisariseinthestatusofall（9）accents.

Wearemovingtowardsthe（10）position:

generalacceptanceofallregionalaccentsandabsenceofaclassaccentthattranscendsallregions.

PARTⅡPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION（15MIN.）

ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETasinstructed.

ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.Eachlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectit.

Whenahumaninfantisbornintoanycommunityinanypartofthe

worldithastwothingsincommonwithanyinfant,providedneitherofthem

（1）________

havebeendamagedinanywayeitherbeforeorduringbirth.Firstly,and

（2）________

mostobviously,newbornchildrenarecompletelyhelpless.Apartfroma

powerfulcapacitytopayattentiontotheirhelplessnessbyusingsound,there（3）________

isnothingthenewbornchildcandotoensurehisownsurvival.Without

carefromsomeotherhumanbeingorbeings,beitmother,grandmother,or

humangroup,achildisveryunlikelytosurvive.Thishelplessnessofhuman

infantsisinmarkedcontrastwiththecapacityofmanynewbornanimalsto

getontheirfeetwithinminutesofbirthandrunwithherdwithinafew（4）________

hours.Althoughyounganimalsarecertainlyinrisk,sometimesforweeks（5）________

orevenmonthsafterbirth,comparedwiththehumaninfanttheyveryquickly

growthecapacitytofendforthem.（6）________

Itisduringthisverylongperiodinwhichthehumaninfantistotally

dependentontheothersthatitrevealsthesecondfeaturewhichitshares（7）________

withallotherundamagedhumaninfants,acapacitytolearnlanguage.For

thisreason,biologistsnowsuggestthatlanguagebe"speciesspecific"tothe（8）________

humanrace,thatistosay,theyconsiderthehumaninfanttobegenetic（9）________

programmedinsuchwaythatitcanacquirelanguage.（10）________

Thissuggestionimpliesthatjustashumanbeingsaredesignedtosee

three-dimentionallyandincolour,andjustastheyaredesignedtostand

uprightratherthantomoveonallfours,sotheyaredesignedtolearnand

uselanguageaspartoftheirnormaldevelopmentsaswell-formed

humanbeings.

PARTⅢREADINGCOMPREHENSION（40MIN.）

SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION（30MIN.）

Inthissectiontherearefivereadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiplechoicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenanswerthequestions.

TEXTA

OnSociety

1Lowself-esteempopsupregularlyinacademicreportsasanexplanationforallsortsofviolence,fromhatecrimesandstreetcrimestoterrorism.Butdespitethepopularityoftheexplanation,notmuchevidencebacksitup.InarecentissueofPsychologicalReview,threeresearchersexaminethisliteratureatlengthandconcludethatamuchstrongerlinkconnectshighself-esteemtoviolence."Itisdifficulttomaintainbeliefinthelowself-esteemviewafterseeingthatthemoreviolentgroupsaregenerallytheoneswithhigherself-esteem,"writeRoyBaumeisterofCaseWesternReserveUniversityandLauraSmartandJosephBodenoftheUniversityofVirginia.

2Theconventionalviewisthatpeoplewithoutself-esteemtrytogainitbyhurtingothers.Theresearchersfindthatviolenceismuchmoreoftentheworkofpeoplewithunrealisticallyhighself-esteemattackingotherswhochallengetheirself-image.Underthisumbrellacomebullies,rapists,racists,psychopathsandmembersofstreetgangsandorganizedcrime.

3Thestudyconcludes,"Certainformsofhighself-esteemseemtoincreaseone'spronenesstoviolence.Anuncriticalendorsementoftheculturalvalueofself-esteemmaythereforebecounterproductiveandevendangerous...Thesocietalpursuitofhighself-esteemforeveryonemayliterallyendupdoingconsiderableharm."

4Asforprisonprogramsintendedtomakeviolentconvictsfeelbetteraboutthemselves,"perhapsitwouldbebettertotryinstillingmodestyandhumility,"theresearcherswrite.

5InaninterviewwiththeBostonGlobe,Baumeistersaidhebelievesthe"self'-promotingestablishmentisstartingtocrumble."Whatwouldworkbetterforthecountryistoforgetaboutself-esteemandconcentrateonself-control,'hesaid.

6Intheschools,thiswouldmeanturningawayfrompsychicboosterismandemphasizingself-esteemasaby-productofrealachievement,notasanendinitself.Theself-esteemmovement,stillentrenchedinschoolsofeducation,isdeeplyimplicatedinthedumbingdownofourschools,andinthespuriousequalitybehindtheideathatitisaterriblepsychicblowifonestudentdoesanybetteroranyworsethananother.Let'shopeitisindeedcrumbling.

16.Theresearchersfindthattherearestrongerconnectionsbetween

A.lowself-esteemandviolence.B.lowself-cotrolandviolence.

C.highself-imageandviolence.D.highself-controlandviolence.

17.TheresearcherswouldmostprobablyagreewiththefollowingEXCEPT

A.self-esteemshouldbepromotedandencouraged.

B.schoolsshouldchangetheirconceptofself-esteem.

C.thetraditionalviewisbeginningtoloseground.

D.prisonsshouldchangetheirpresentpractice.

TEXTB

1Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinheterogeneoussocietiesthaninhomogeneousones,simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer.Therearemoreideas,moreconflictsofinterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationsofdifferentpersuasions.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandtoleranceinheterogeneoussocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecisionratherthansubjectingthemtoauthority.Inaquitehomogeneoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,becauseeverythingseemstobethesameand,ifnotsatisfactory,atleastcustomaryandundisputed.

2Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadily

（1）inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;

（2）inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;（3）intheless