新托福考试阅读讲义文档格式.doc
《新托福考试阅读讲义文档格式.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新托福考试阅读讲义文档格式.doc(36页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
C.ByplacingtheEarthnexttotheGreatRedSpot,onecouldseetheEarthhasamuchsmallerdiameter.
D.BecausetheEarthisclosetotheGreatRedSpot,Earthisinfluencedbyitshugesize.
答案:
C
2.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
A.TheEarth’souterwindsmoveadistanceequaltothecircumferenceoftheGreatRedSpot.
B.TheouterwindsoftheGreatRedSpotmovemorequicklythandothoseonEarth.
C.TheWindsmovingacrosstheGreatRedSpotfinallychangedirectioneverysixEarthdays.
D.ThefactthatthewindstakesolongtomovearoundtheGreatRedSpotproveshowbigitis.
D
PassageOne(Question1-2)
Camouflage
CamouflageisoneofthemosteffectivewaysforanimalstoavoidattackinthetreelessArctic.However,thesummerandwinterlandscapestherearesodiversethatasingleprotectivecoloringschemewould,ofcourse,proveineffectiveinoneseasonortheother.Thus,manyoftheinhabitantsoftheArctictundrachangetheircamouflagetwiceayear.Thearcticfoxisaclear-cutexampleofthisphenomenon;
itsportsabrownish-graycoatinthesummerwhichthenturnswhiteascoldweathersetsin,andtheprocessreversesitselfinthespringtime.Itsbrownish-graycoatblendsinwiththebarrentundralandscapeinthemonthswithoutsnow,andthewhitecoatnaturallyblendsinwiththelandscapeofthefrozenwintertimetundra.
1.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirsthighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.
A.OppositeconditionsinsummerandinwinternecessitatedifferentprotectivecolorationforArcticanimals.
B.ThecolorationofthesummerandwinterlandscapesintheArcticfailstoprotecttheArctictundra.
C.Inasingleseason,protectivecoloringschemeareineffectiveinthetreelessArctic.
D.Formanyanimals,asingleprotectivecoloringschemeeffectivelyprotectsthemduringsummerandwintermonths.
A
2.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthesecondhighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
A.Thearcticfoxisunusualinthathecolorofitscoatchangesfornoreason.
B.Thearcticfoxlivesinanenvironmentthatisbrownishgrayinthesummerandwhiteinthewinter.
C.ItisaphenomenonthatthecoatofthearcticfoxturnswhiteIthespringtimeandgrayinthefall.
D.Thearcticfoxdemonstratesthatprotectivecolorationcanchangeduringdifferentseasons.
PassageTwo(Question3-6)
Post-itNotes
Post-itNoteswereinventedinthe1970satthe3McompanyinMinnesotaquitebyaccident,Researchersat3Mwereworkingondevelopingdifferenttypesofadhesives,andoneparticularlyweakadhesive,acompoundofacrylatecopolymermicrospheres,wasdeveloped.Employeesat3Mwereaskediftheycouldthinkofauseforaweakadhesivewhich,provideditdidnotgetdirty,couldbereused.Onesuggestionwasthatitcouldbeappliedtoapieceofpapertouseasabookmarkthatwouldstayinplaceinabook.Anotherusewasfoundwhentheproductwasattachedtoareportthatwastobesenttoacolleaguewitharequestforcommentsonthereport;
thecolleaguemadehiscommentsonthepaperattachedtothereportandreturnedthereport.TheideaforPost-itNoteswasborn.
Itwasdecidedwithinthecompanythattherewouldbeatestlaunchofproductin1977infourAmericancities.Salesofthisinnovativeproductintestcitieswerelessthanstellar,mostlikelybecausetheproduct,whileinnovative,wasalsoquiteunfamiliar.AfinalattemptwasthenmadeinthecityofBoisetointroducetheproduct.Inthatattempt,3MsalesmengavedemonstrationsoftheproductinofficesthroughoutBoiseandgaveawayfreesamplesoftheproduce.Whenthesalesmenreturnedaweeklatertotheofficeworkers,havingnotedhowusefulthesimplelittleproductcouldbe,wereinterestedinpurchasingit.Overtime,3Mcametounderstandthehugepotentialofthisnewproduct,andoverthenextfewdecadesmorethan400varietiesofPost-itproducts-indifferentcolors,shapes,andsizes–havebeendeveloped.
3.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirsthighlightedsentenceinthepassage1?
A.Ofthemanyadhesivesthatwerebeingdevelopedat3M,onewasnotaparticularlystrongadhesive.
B.Researchersat3Mspentmanyyearstryingtodevelopareallyweakadhesive.
C.Numerousweakadhesivesresultedfromaprogramtodevelopthestrongestadhesiveofall.
D.Researcherswereassignedtodevelopdifferenttypesofusesforacrylatecopolymermicrospheres.
4.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthesecondhighlightedsentenceinthepassage1?
A.The3Mcompanysuggestedapplyingforapatentontheproductinareportpreparedbyacolleague.
B.Oneunexpectedly-discoveredusefortheadhesivewasinsendingandreceivingnotesattachedtodocuments.
C.Anotewasattachedtoareportaskingforsuggestionforusesofoneof3M’sproducts.
D.Acolleaguewhodevelopedthenewproductkeptnoteswithsuggestionsbyotherworkers.
B
5.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirsthighlightedsentenceinthepassage2?
A.The3Mcompanywasunfamiliarwiththeprocessofusingtestcitiestointroduceinnovativeproducts.
B.Salesoftheproductsoaredeventhoughtheproductwasquiteunfamiliartomostcustomers.
C.Thenewproductdidnotsellwellbecausepotentialcustomersdidnotunderstandit.
D.Aftersellingtheproductforawhile,thecompanyunderstoodthattheproductwasnotinnovativeenough.
6.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthesecondhighlightedsentenceinthepassage2?
A.Thecompanyimmediatelyunderstoodthepotentialoftheproductandbegantodevelopitfurther.
B.Thecompanyworkedovertimetodevelopitsnewproduct,initiallycreatingnumerousvarietiestomakeitsuccessful.
C.Thecompanyinitiallyintroduced400varietiesoftheproductandthenwatchedfordecadesassalesimproved.
D.Ittooksometimeforthecompanytounderstandhowimportantitsnewproductwasandhowmanyvariationwerepossible.
2.排除列举题
ThegeologyoftheEarth'
ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.
PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgaseousstates,waterisexceptionallyreactive.It
dissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantly
LinemodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.
(5)Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransported
bywindoverthecontinents.Condensationfromthecloudsprovidestheessentialagentof
continentalerosion:
rain.Precipitatedontotheground,thewatertricklesdowntoform
brooks,streams,andrivers,constitutingwhatarecalledthehydrographicnetwork.This
immensepolarizednetworkchannelsthewatertowardasinglerecepatcle:
anocean.
(10)Gravitydominatesthisentirestepinthecyclebecausewatertendstominimizeits
potentialenergybyrunningfromhighaltitudestowardthereferencepoint,thatis,sea
level.
Therateatwhichamoleculeofwaterpassesthroughthecycleisnotrandombutisa
measureoftherelativesizeofthevariousreservoirs.Ifwedefineresidencetimeasthe
(15)averagetimeforawatermoleculetopassthroughtoneofthethreereservoirs—
atmosphere,continent,andocean—weseethatthetimesareverydifferent.Awater
moleculestays,onaverage,elevendaysintheatmosphere,onehundredyearsona
continentandfortythousandyearsintheocean.Thislastfigureshowstheimportanceof
theoceanastheprincipalreservoirofthehydrospherebutalsotherapidityofwater
(20)transportonthecontinents.
Avastchemicalseparationprocesstakesplacesduringtheflowofwateroverthe
continents.Solubleionssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,andsomemagnesiumare
dissolvedandtransported.Insolubleionssuchasaluminum,iron,andsiliconstaywhere
theyareandformthethin,fertilesk