自考资料工程应用英语Word格式.docx

自考资料工程应用英语Word格式.docx

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6.Computerscan’tsolvecomplicatedproblemsunlesstheyaregiven______.

a.agoodair-conditionb.ayoungcivilengineer

c.agoodcomputerengineerd.agoodprogram

7.Constructioncanbevery_____.

a.dangerousb.safec.easyd.secure

8.Civilengineeringprojectsarealmostalways______.

a.distinctiveb.thesimilarc.aliked.thesame

9.Thrustisthepressureexertedbyeachpartofastructureon______.

a.itsotherpartb.itselfc.thewalld.theground

10.Theweightofallthepeople,cars,furniture,andmachinesandsoonthatthestructurewillsupportwhenitisinuseis______.

a.deadloadb.liveloadc.impactd.safetyfactor

11.Intension,thematerialis______.

a.pressedb.pulledapartc.pushedd.compressed

12.______forceactsupanddown.

a.verticalb.horizontalc.rotatingmotiond.turningmotion

13.Both______,thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmoderntimes,wereintroducedinthenineteenthcentury.

a.steelandcementb.woodandbrick

c.stoneandtiled.ashandplastic

14.Thetransitisusedtomeasureanglesinbothverticalandhorizontalplanes,andtheleveltomeasure______.

a.distancesb.centralanglesc.elevationdifferenced.length

15.Electronicdistancemeasuring（EDM）notonlycanmeasurethedistancebetweenobjectsbutalsodetermine______.

a.thedirectionb.thesizec.thefrequencyd.thewidth

16.Prestressedconcreteisan______formofreinforcement.

a.originalb.improvedc.samed.low

17.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintoby_______.

a.engineersb.oneparty

c.companyd.twoormoreparties

18.______changewouldresultindifferentialsettlementorswellbetweenadjacentareas.

a.weightb.volumec.aread.no

19.Therearetwobasicproceduresforcontrollingtheembankmentdensity:

‘mannerandmethod’and‘______’.

a.resultb.combinationc.layerthicknessd.moisturecontrol

20.Amainsourceofaccidents,theproblemof______drivingisthemostseriousofall.

a.drinkb.drinkingc.drunkend.drank

PartIIFillingBlanks（10’）

21.Engineersoftenworkas________________toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.

22.Youngengineersmaychoosetogointo_______________orsanitaryengineering.

23.Whenplanningastructure,anengineermusttakeintoaccountfourfactors:

deadload,_____________,impactandsafetyfactor.

24.Onepartytothecontractis__________forbreachofcontractifhefailstoperformhispartoftheagreement.

25.___________thesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.

26.Looserockincludesmaterialssuchas_______________________rock,orearthmixedwithboulders.

27.Noattemptwasmadetocontrol___________contentortosecurecompaction.

28.The____________ofwindshieldwipers,freshairventilatingsystems,hadresultingreatervehiclesafety.

29.Thesafeperformanceofthebrakesystemhasbeenensuredbytheuseof_____________brakefluid.

30.Relocationandreductioninheightofthebrake___________hasmeantthatthedriver’stotalreactiontimehasbeenreduced.

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40’）

PassageOne

Researchisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwithotherscientistsandengineers.Heorsheisoftenemployedinalaboratorythatisfinancedbygovernmentorindustry.Areasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilizationtechniques,andalsothedevelopmentandthetestingofnewstructuralmaterials.

31.Researchisoneof______aspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.

a.themostuseless

b.themostimportant

c.themostunnecessary

32.Aresearcherisoftenemployed______.

a.onafarm

b.inalibrary

c.inalaboratory

33.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwith______.

a.farmersandscientists

b.engineersandfarmers

c.scientistsandengineers

34.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludeonlysoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization,butalsothedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials

b.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization

c.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludethedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials

PassageTwo

Thecurrenttendencyistodeveloplightermaterials.Aluminum,forexample,weighsmuchlessthansteelbuthasmanyofthesameproperties.Aluminumbeamshavealreadybeenusedforbridgeconstructionandfortheframeworkofafewbuildings.

Attemptsarealsobeingmadetoproduceconcretewithmorestrengthanddurability,andwithalighterweight.Onesystemthathelpscutconcreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers,whicharelongchainlikecompoundsusedinplastics,aspartofthemixture.

35.Thecurrenttrendofstructuralmaterialsis_______.

a.todevelopheaviermaterials

b.todeveloplightermaterials

c.todeveloplessmaterials

36.Aluminumweighs_______.

a.muchlessthansteel

b.thesameassteel

c.muchheavierthansteel

37.Aluminumhas_______.

a.nopropertiesofsteel

b.fewpropertiesofsteel

c.manyofthesamepropertiesofsteel

38.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedforbridgeconstruction

b.Aluminumbeamscanbeusedfornotonlybridgeconstructionbutalsotheframeworkofafewbuildings

c.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedfortheframeworkofafewbuildings

PassageThree

Steelandconcretealsocomplementeachotherinanotherway:

theyhavealmostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion.Theythereforecanworktogetherinsituationswherebothcompressionandtensionarefactors.Steelrodsareembeddedinconcretetomakereinforcedconcreteinconcretebeamsorstructureswheretensionwilldevelop.Concreteandsteelalsoformsuchastrongbonds—theforcethatunitesthem—thatthesteelcannotslipwithintheconcrete.Stillanotheradvantageisthatsteeldoesnotrustinconcrete.Acidcorrodessteel,whereasconcretehasanalkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid.

39.Steelandconcretehave______.

a.differentrateofcontraction

b.differentrateofexpansion

c.almostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion

40.Reinforcedconcreteis______.

a.steelrodswhichareembeddedinconcretebeams

b.concretewhichisembeddedinsteelrods

c.steelrodswhichreactwithconcrete

41.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.steelcanrustinconcrete

b.concretecancorrodesteel

c.steeldoesnotrustinconcrete

42.Concretehas______.

a.somekindofchemicalthatcorrodessteel

b.analkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid

c.somekindofacid

PassageFour

Theemployerorpromoterofcivilengineeringworksnormallydeterminestheconditionsofcontract,whichdefinetheobligationsandperformancesbysomeformofcompetitivetenderingandanycontractorwhosubmitsasuccessfultenderandsubsequentlyentersintoacontractisdeemedinlawtohavevoluntarilyacceptedtheconditionsofcontractadoptedbythepromoter.

Theobligationsthatacontractoracceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtotender.Inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntilithasbeenacceptedandmay,eventhen,bewithdrawniftheacceptanceisstatedbythepromotertobe‘subjecttoformalcontract’asisoftenthecase.

43.Theconditionsofcontractarenormallydeterminedby______.

a.thegovernmentofficial

b.thecontractor

c.thepromoter

44.Thisconditionsdefinetheobligationsandperformancestowhich______willbesubject.

a.theemployer

b.theofficial

c.thecontractor

45.Theobligationsthat______acceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtothetender.

b.theauditor

46.inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntil______.

a.thepromoterhasenoughmoney

b.ithasbeenaccepted

c.thetenderapprovedbythegovernment

PassageFive

Materialsareusuallydescribedas‘rock’,‘looserock’,or‘common’,with‘common’signifyingallmaterialnototherwiseclassified.Rock,sometimescalled‘solidrock’,nearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted,thenloadedwithafront-endloaderorpowershovelintotrucksorotherhaulingunits.Blastedrockmaybemovedordriftedforshortdistancesbymeansofabulldozer,whichis,ineffect,ahugetractor-mountedblade.Looserockoftenisdugwithloadersorshovelswithoutanypreviousblasting.

47.Accordingtothepassage,whichmaterialsignifyingallmaterialnototherwiseclassified.

a.looserock

b.common

c.rock

48.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

a.rock,issometimescalled‘solidrock’

b.rock,issometimescalled‘looserock’

c.rock,isusuallycalled‘hardrock

49.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.looserocknearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted

b.looser