新编标准日本语详解Word格式文档下载.docx
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3.1.1.数词...........................................................................................9
3.1.2.量词.........................................................................................11
3.2.数量、顺序词汇的读法..................................11
3.3.星期的表示............................................12
3.4.日期表达法............................................12
3.5.月份表达法............................................13
3.6.四季表达法............................................14
3.7.时分秒表达法..........................................14
3.8.其它时间相关表达法....................................14
4.语法...............................................................................................................15
4.1.判断句................................................15
4.1.1.基本句型（肯定式）.............................................................15
4.1.2.过去肯定式.............................................................................16
4.1.3.否定式.....................................................................................16
4.1.4.过去否定式.............................................................................16
4.1.5.将来推测式.............................................................................16
4.1.6.疑问式.....................................................................................16
4.1.7.特殊疑问式.............................................................................17
4.1.8.中顿式.....................................................................................1794
4.2.存在句................................................17
4.2.1.存在动词的含义.....................................................................17
4.2.2.存在动词的分工.....................................................................18
4.2.3.存在句句型.............................................................................18
4.3.愿望句式..............................................18
4.3.1.（第一人称+は）…が/を…たいです。
／（第一人称）
想…19
4.3.2.（第一人称+は）…が/を…たいと思います。
／（第一
人称）想….............................................................................................19
4.3.3.（第一人称+は）…を…う/ようと思います。
人称）想要….........................................................................................19
4.4.形容词................................................19
4.4.1.词形特征.................................................................................19
4.4.2.词尾变化.................................................................................19
4.4.3.形容词的简体与敬体.............................................................21
4.5.形容动词..............................................22
4.5.1.词形特征.................................................................................22
4.5.2.词尾变化（活用）.................................................................22
4.5.3.判断助动词[だ]与形容动词词尾[だ].................................23
4.5.4.形容动词的简体、敬体及其应用.........................................23
4.6.动词..................................................24
4.6.1.动词分类.................................................................................24
4.6.2.动词的活用形.........................................................................25
4.6.3.授受关系动词及其用法.........................................................32
4.6.4.动词的使役态、使役助动词「せる·
させる」、使役句.35
4.6.5.动词的被动态及被动助动词「れる·
られる」.................36
4.6.6.可能态及可能动词.................................................................38
4.7.助词、助动词..........................................40
4.7.1.提示助词[は].........................................................................40
4.7.2.提示助词[も].........................................................................40
4.7.3.助词[が].................................................................................40
4.7.4.领格助词[の].........................................................................41
4.7.5.终助词[か].............................................................................41
4.7.6.接续助词[て].........................................................................41
4.7.7.提示助词[は].........................................................................41
4.7.8.接续助词[から].....................................................................4295
4.7.9.补格助词[より].....................................................................42
4.7.10.副助词[ほど].........................................................................42
4.7.11.终助词[ね][よ].....................................................................42
4.7.12.传闻助动词[そうだ].............................................................42
4.7.13.补格助词[に].........................................................................42
4.7.14.副助词[か].............................................................................43
4.7.15.并列助词[と].........................................................................43
4.7.16.副助词[や].............................................................................43
4.7.17.同位格[の].............................................................................44
4.7.18.敬体助动词[ます].................................................................44
4.7.19.宾格助词[を].........................................................................44
4.7.20.宾格助词[で].........................................................................45
4.7.21.过去完了助动词[た].............................................................45
4.7.22.接续助词[て].........................................................................46
4.7.23.补助动词[て].........................................................................46
4.7.24.接续助词[と].........................................................................47
4.7.25.补格助词[に].........................................................................47
4.7.26.补格助词[から].....................................................................48
4.7.27.否定助动词「ない」.............................................................48
4.7.28.判断助动词「である」.........................................................49
4.7.29.补格助词「と」.....................................................................50
4.7.30.补助动词「（て）いく」、「（て）しまう」.................51
4.7.31.表示假定的助词及助动词「ば·
と·
なら·
たら」.........51
4.7.32.否定助动词「ぬ（ん）」.....................................................52
4.7.33.样态助动词「そうだ」.........................................................53
4.7.34.补格助词「まで」.................................................................54
4.7.35.副助词「だけ」.....................................................................54
4.7.36.副助词「でも」.....................................................................54
4.7.37.接续助词「のに」.................................................................55
4.7.38.补助动词「（て）くる」、「（て）おる」.....................55
4.7.39.愿望助动词「たい」.............................................................55
4.7.40.助词「を」.............................................................................56
4.7.41.副助词「くらい·
ぐらい」.................................................56
4.7.42.复合助词「までに」.............................................................57
4.7.43.补格助词「で」.....................................................................57
4.7.44.补格助词「と」.....................................................................5796
4.7.45.终助词「な」.........................................................................57
4.7.46.补助动词「（て）ある」.....................................................58
4.7.47.表示时间点概数的「ころ·
ごろ」.....................................58
4.7.48.补助动词「（て）おく」.............................................58
4.7.49.补格助词「に」.....................................................................59
4.7.50.样态助动词「ようだ」.........................................................59
4.7.51.副助词「ほど」.....................................................................59
4.7.52.副助词「さえ」.....................................................................59
4.7.53.接续助词「ながら」.............................................................60
4.7.54.接续助词「ので」.................................................................61
4.7.55.并列助词「し」.....................................................................61
4.7.56.接续助词「きり」.................................................................61
4.7.57.补格助词「へ」.....................................................................61
4.8.敬语..................................................62
4.8.1.专用敬语词汇.........................................................................62
4.8.2.非专用敬语词汇的构词形式.................................................64
4.8.3.其它敬语形式：
.....................................................................66
5.日语基本句型...............................................................................................66
5.1.…は…です............................................66
5.2.…は…ですか..........................................66
5.3.…はなんですか........................................67
5.4.…は…にあります......................................67
5.5.…は…にいます....
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