高考英语二轮最新冲刺专题训练阅读理解14文档格式.docx
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tusethecyclewaysasashortcut,andwhytheyshouldn'
tannounceyoutogetoutoftheirwaywhentheydo.
Beijingtrafficismoregood-natured.InLondon,theroadisanactivewar.Peopleshout,quarrelandbeatoneachother'
swindows.InBeijingzone,driversnevergetactivelyangry.Infact,oftentheyignorecyclists.Obviouslythatmeansit'
suptothecycliststoseethem.
MandyisatreeBeijingbike.Itisnearlybroken,itmakesloudnoiseseverytimeyourideonit,andIhavehadtomakeseveralemergencyrepairstopsforit.
ButcyclingroundBeijingonasunnydayisajoy.Itisjustme,Mandyandthecity.
41.Whatcanweconcludefromthefirstparagraph?
A.BicyclesarethemostpopularmeansoftransportinLondon.
B.Tosavemoney,theauthorusedtravelaroundbybusinLondon.
C.Theexpenseofpublictransportmakessomepeoplewanttobuyabike.
D.Theauthordidn'
ttravelaroundLondonbecauseoflackingabike.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。
根据Taxi,theunderground,driving…inLondonthesemeansoftransportareexpensive.乘坐其他的公共交通费用是高的,所以一些人想要买自行车,故选C。
42.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofcyclingaroundBeijing?
A.Thecity'
stwistingstreetsmakeithardfortheridertofindtheway.
B.Cars,taxisandmotorbikesonthecyclelaneposeathreattocyclists.
C.Withtheflatlandandwidecyclelanes,it'
ssafertocycleinBeijingthaninLondon.
D.CyclinginBejingissafebecauseofitsflexiblerules.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。
根据However,Beijingcomescompletelywithitsowndangers.Butcars,taxisandmotorbikesseenoreasonwhytheyshouldn'
tusethecyclewaysasashortcut汽车、出租车和摩托车占用自行车的车道对骑自行车的人造成了危险,故选B。
43.Whatcanweinferfromthearticle?
A.Intheauthor'
sview,Beijingdriversdrivemoresafely.
B.InLondon,cars,taxisandmotorbikesareallowedtousethecyclepaths.
C.PeopleinLondonfollowthetrafficrulesmorecloselythanthoseinBeijing.
D.MandybreaksdownsoeasilythatitmakestheauthormissherLondonbikeMabel.
根据InLondon,theroadisanactivewar.Peopleshout,quarrelandbeatoneachother'
suptothecycliststoseethem.可推出在伦敦的人比北京人更加遵守交通规则,故选C。
44.ThereasonwhydriversinBeijingseldomgetangryisthat______.
A.thecyclewaysarefiat
B.theycarelittleaboutcyclists
C.theycanevendriveonthecycleways
D.peopleinBeijingdon'
toftenridebikes
根据Infact,oftentheyignorecyclists.因为开车的人很少关心骑自行车的人,故选B。
45.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?
A.Totelluswhatmakestheauthorlovecycling.
B.TocomparecyclinginBeijingwiththatinLondon.
C.TointroducethedifferencesbetweenMabelandMandy.
D.ToexplainwhyBeijingismadeforcycling.
【解析】主旨大意题。
纵观短文的内容可知对于在北京与在伦敦骑自行车的情况作了比较,故选B。
PassageEleven(TheAffectofElectricityonCancer)
Canelectricitycausecancer?
Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.
NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”
Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.
Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:
Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,titgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield,Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.
Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?
Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.
Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.
ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving“biasedtheentiredocument”towardprovingalink.“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.
1.Themainideaofthispassageis
[A].studiesonthecauseofcancer
.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer
[C].therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.
[D].differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.
2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis
[A].thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.
.electricityreallyaffectscancer.
[C].controversial.
[D].lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer
3.WhydidthePentagonandWhitHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?
Because
[A].itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.
.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.
[C].thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.
[D].theyhaddifferentarguments.
4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon
[A].theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.
.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.
[C].electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.
[D].onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.
5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?
[A].Theyareindifferent.
.Theyareworriedverymuch.
[C].Themayexerciseprudentavoidance.
[C].Theyareshocked.
Vocabulary
1.
preposterous
反常的,十分荒谬的,乖戾的
2.
leukemia
白血病
3.
malignancy
恶性肿瘤
4.
legitimate
合法的,合理的
5.
paranoia
偏执狂,妄想狂。
这里指:
无根据的担心。
6.
lymphoma
淋巴瘤
7.
carcinogen
致癌物
8.
minuscule
很小的,很不重要
9.
consensus
舆论
10.
wallop
乱窜,猛冲,冲击力
11.
epidemiological
流行病学的
12.
blistering