职称英语A级复习重点实务知识资料Word文档下载推荐.docx

职称英语A级复习重点实务知识资料Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Onereasoniseconomic.Inatraditionalagriculturaleconomy,largefamiliesarehelpful.

Havingmorechildrenmeanshavingmoreworkersinthefieldsandsomeonetotakecareoftheparentsinoldage1.Inanindustrialeconomy,thesituationisdifferent.Manychildren,donothelpafamily;

instead,theyareanexpense.Thus,industrializationhasgenerallybroughtdownthebirthrate.ThiswasthecaseinItaly,whichwasindustrializedquiterecentlyandrapidly.Intheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,Italywasapoor,largelyagriculturalcountrywithahighbirthrate.AfterWorldWarⅡ,Italy'

seconomywasrapidlymodernizedandindustrialized.Bytheendofthecentury,thebirthratehaddroppedto1.3childrenperwoman,theworld'

slowest.

However,theeconomyisnottheonlyimportantfactorthatinfluencesbirthrate.SaudiArabia,forexample,doesnothaveanagriculture-basedeconomy,andithasoneofthehighestpercapitaincomesintheworld.Nevertheless,italsohasaveryhighbirthrate（7.0）.MexicoandIndonesia,ontheotherhand,arepoorcountries,withlargelyagriculturaleconomies,buttheyhaverecentlyreducedtheirpopulationgrowth.

Clearly,otherfactorsareinvolved.Themostimportantoftheseistheconditionofwomen.Ahighbirthratealmostalwaysgoestogetherwithlackofeducationandlowstatusforwomen.2ThiswouldexplainthehighbirthrateofSaudiArabia.There,thetraditionalculturegiveswomenlittleeducationorindependenceandfewpossibilitiesoutsidethehome.Ontheotherhand,theimprovedconditionofwomeninMexico,Thailand,andIndonesiaexplainsthedeclineinbirthratesinthesecountries.Theirgovernmentshavetakenmeasurestoprovidemoreeducationandopportunitiesforwomen.

Anotherkeyfactorinthebirthrateisbirthcontrol.Womenmaywanttolimittheirfamiliesbuthavenowaytodoso.Incountrieswheregovernmentshavemadebirthcontroleasilyavailableandinexpensive,birthrateshavegonedown.ThisisthecaseinSingapore,SriLanka,andIndia,aswellasinIndonesia,Thailand,Mexico,andBrazil.Inthesecountries,womenhavealsobeenprovidedwithhealthcareandhelpinplanningtheirfamilies.

Thesetrendsshowthataneffectiveprogramtoreducepopulationgrowthdoesnothavetodependonbettereconomicconditions.3Itcanbeeffectiveifitaimstohelpwomenandmeettheirneeds.Onlythen,infact,doesithaveanyrealchanceofsuccess.

练习：

1.Inatraditionalagriculturaleconomy,alargefamily_______.

A.canbeanadvantage

2.Whencountriesbecomeindustrialized,_______.

B.thebirthrategenerallygoesdown

3.Accordingtothispassage,Italytodayisanexampleofan_______.

C.industrializedcountrywithalowbirthrate

4.SaudiArabiaismentionedinthepassagebecauseitshowsthat_______.

B.factorsotherthantheeconomyinfluencebirthrate

5.InMexico,Thailand,andIndonesia,thegovernment_______.

D.hastriedtoimprovetheconditionofwomen

2、Narrow接近的Escape逃脱（综合A）

Wehadleftthehuttoolatethatmorning.Whenwesteppedoutside,theskybeyondthemountainstooureastwasalreadylividwithcolour.1Itmeantthedaywouldbeahotone,andthewarmthwouldloosenrocksthatweregrippedbyice.

Assoonaswesteppedoutontotheface,itbecameobviousthiswasgoingtobeanawkwardroute.Themainproblemwastalus,thedebristhatcollectsonmountainsides.Talusisdespisedbymountaineersfortworeasons.First,becauseitcaneasilybepushedoffontoyoubypeopleclimbingabove.Andsecond,becauseitmakeseverystepyoutakeinsecure.

Forabout30minuteswemovedsteadilyuptheface.Therockwasinpoorcondition,shatteredhorizontallyandmazedwithcracks.WhenItriedtohaulmyselfuponablockofit,itwouldpullouttowardsme,likeadraweropening.Myhandsbecameprogressivelywetterandcolder2.Thencameashout."

Cailloux!

Cailloux!

"

Iheardyelledfromabove,inafemalevoice.Thewordsechoeddowntowardsus.Ilookeduptoseewheretheyhadcomefrom.

Therewerejusttworocksatfirst,leapingandboundingdownthefacetowardsus,oncecannoningoffeachotherinmid-air.Andthentheairabovesuddenlyseemedalivewithfallingrocks,hummingthroughtheairandfillingitwithnoise.Crack,wenteachoneasitleaptofftherockface,thenhum-hum-humasitmovedthroughtheair,thencrackagain.Thepausebetweenthecrackslengthenedeachtime,astherocksgainedmomentumandjumpedfurtherandfurther.Icontinuedtogazeupattherocksastheyfellandskippedtowardsme.Aboywhohadbeenafewyearsabovemeatschoolhadtaughtmenevertolookupduringarockfall."

Why?

Becausearockinyourfaceisfarlesspleasantthanarockonyourhelmet,"

hetoldus."

Facein,alwaysfacein."

IheardToby,mypartneronthemountainthatday,shoutingatme.Ilookedacross.Hewassafebeneathanoverhangingcanopyofrock.Icouldnotunderstandhim.ThenIfeltathump,andwastuggedbackwardsandround,asthoughsomebodyhadclampedaheavyhandonmyshoulderandturnedmetofacethem.Arockhadhitthelidofmyrucksack.

Ilookedupagain.Arockwasheadingdownstraighttowardsme.Instinctively,Ileantbackwardsandarchedmybackoutfromtherocktotrytoprotectmychest.Whataboutmyfingers,though,Ithought:

they'

llbecrushedflatifithitsthem,andI'

llnevergetdown.ThenIheardacrackdirectlyinfrontofme,andatugatmytrousers,andayellfromToby."

Areyouallright?

Thatwentstraightthroughyou."

Therockhadpitchedinfrontofme,andpassedthroughthehoopofmybody,betweenmylegs,missingmebutsnatchingatmyclothingasitwent.

TobyandIhadspenttheevening?

talkingthroughtheeventsofthemorning:

whatifthebigfinalstonehadn'

tleaptsideways,whatifI'

dbeenknockedoff,wouldyouhaveheldme,wouldIhavepulledyouoff?

Amoreexperiencedmountaineerwouldprobablyhavethoughtnothingofit.IknewIwouldnotforgetit.

1.Whywasit“toolate”bythetimetheyleftthehutinthemorning?

C）Rocksloosenedbymeltingicecouldbedangerous.

2.Thefirstreasongiventoexplainwhymountaineershatetalusis_______.

A）thatclimbersaboveyoumightcauseittofallonyou

3.Whatislikelytobethemeaningof"

Cailloux"

B）Rocksarefalling.

4.Whatissarcasticinthewordsoftheboyinparagraphfour?

D）Beinghitbyarockisn'

t"

pleasant"

atall.

5.InwhatsensewasToby"

safe"

A）Theoverhangingrockwouldprotecthimfromfallingrocks.

3、ToHaveandHaveNot（综合A）

　　Ithadbeenboringhangingaboutthehotelallafternoon.Theroadcrewwereplayingagamewithdollarnotes.Foldingthemintosmallplanestoseewhosewouldflythefurthest.1Havingnothingbettertodo，Ijoinedinandwonfive，andthentooktheopportunitytoescapewithmyprofit.Despitetheevil-lookingclouds，Ihadtogetoutforawhile.

Iheadedforashopontheothersideofthestreet.Unliketheothers，itdidn'

thaveasignshoutingitsnameandbusiness，andinsteadoftheusualimpersonalmodernlighting，therewasanappealingglowinside.Strangelynothingwasdisplayedinthewindow.Notputoffbythis，Iwentinside.

Ittookmybreathaway.Ididn'

tknowwheretolook,wheretostart.Ononewalltherehungthreehand-stitchedAmericanquiltsthatwereinsuchwonderfulconditiontheymighthavebeennewly-made.Icameacrosstintoysandantiquefurniture,andonthewallinfrontofme,a1957Stratocasterguitar,alsoinexcellentcondition.Acardpushedbetweenthestringssaid$50.Iranmyhandalongalongshelfofrecords,readingtheirtitles.Andtherewasmore...

“CanIhelpyou？

”Shestartledme.Ihadn'

tevenseenthewomanbehindthecountercomein.Thewayshelookedatme,sodirectlyandwithsuchpower.ItwasalookofsuchintensitythatforamomentIfeltasifIwerewrappedinsomekindofmagneticorelectricalfield.Ifoundithardtotakeandalmostturnedaway.Butthoughitwasuncomfortable.Iwasfascinatedbytheexperienceofherlookingstraightintome,andbythefeelingthatIwasneitherastranger,norstrange,toher.

Besidesamusementherexpressionshowedsympathy.Itwasimpossibletotellherage；

sheremindedmefaintlyofmygrandmotherbecause,althoughhereyeswerefriendly,Icouldseethatshewasnotawomantofalloutwith.Ispokeatlast.'

Iwasjustlookingreally,'

Isaid,thoughsecretlywonderinghowmuchofthestuffIcouldcramintothebus.

Thewomanturnedawayandwentatoncetowardsabackroom,indicatingthatIshouldfollowher.Butitinnowayliveduptothefirstroom.Thelightmademefeelpeculiar,too.Itcamefromanoillampthatwashungfromthecentreoftheceilingandcreatedhugeshadowsovereverything.Therewerenorareelectricguitars,nooldnecklaces,nohand-paintedboxeswithdelicateflowers.Itwasalsoobviousthatitmusthavetakenyears,decades,tocollectsomuchrubbish,somanyolddocumentsaridpapers.

Inoticedsomeoldbooks,whosegoldletteringhadfaded,makingtheirtitlesimpossibletoread.'

Theylookinteresting,'

Isaid,withsomehesitation.'

Tobeabletounderstandthatkindofwritingyoumustfirsthavehadasimilarexperience,'

shesaidclearly.Shenotedtheconfusedlookon