空调工作过程和节能技术毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述.docx

空调工作过程和节能技术毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述.docx

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空调工作过程和节能技术毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

英文：

HowAirConditionersWorkandenergyconservationtechnologyresearch

Abstract：

Anairconditionerisbasicallyarefrigeratorwithouttheinsulatedbox.Itusestheevaporationofarefrigerant,likeFreon,toprovidecooling.ThemechanicsoftheFreonevaporationcyclearethesameinarefrigeratorasinanairconditioner.

Keywords：

watertowers、weather-resistant、compressor、energyconservation

Whenthetemperatureoutsidebeginstoclimb,manypeopleseekthecoolcomfortofindoorairconditioning.Likewatertowersandpowerlines,airconditionersareoneofthosethingsthatweseeeverydaybutseldompaymuchattentionto.Wouldn'titbenicetoknowhowtheseindispensablemachinesworktheirmagic?

Inthisarticle,wewillexamineairconditioners--fromsmalltohuge--soyouknowmoreaboutwhatyou'reseeing!

TheManyFacesofCool

Airconditionerscomeinvarioussizes,coolingcapacitiesandprices.Onetypethatweseeallthetimeisthewindowairconditioner.

Windowairconditionersareaneasyandeconomicalwaytocoolasmallarea.Mostpeoplewholiveinsuburbanareasusuallyhaveoneoftheseintheirbackyard:

Ifyouliveinanapartmentcomplex,thisisprobablyafamiliarsight:

Mostbusinessesandofficebuildingshavecondensingunitsontheirroofs,andasyouflyintoanyairportyounoticethatwarehousesandmallsmayhave10or20condensingunitshiddenontheirroofs:

Andthenifyougoaroundbackatmanyhospitals,universitiesandofficecomplexes,youfindlargecoolingtowersthatareconnectedtotheairconditioningsystem:

Eventhougheachofthesemachineshasaprettydistinctlook,theyallworkonthesameprinciples.Let'stakeacloserlook.

TheBasicIdea

Anairconditionerisbasicallyarefrigeratorwithouttheinsulatedbox.Itusestheevaporationofarefrigerant,likeFreon,toprovidecooling.ThemechanicsoftheFreonevaporationcyclearethesameinarefrigeratorasinanairconditioner.AccordingtotheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryOnline,thetermFreonisgenerically"usedforanyofvariousconditioner.AccordingtotheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryOnline,thetermFreonisgenerically"usedforanyofvariousnonflammablefluorocarbonsusedasrefrigerantsandaspropellantsforaerosols."

Thisishowtheevaporationcycleinanairconditionerworks（SeeHowRefrigeratorsWorkforcompletedetailsonthiscycle）:

1.ThecompressorcompressescoolFreongas,causingittobecomehot,high-pressureFreongas（redinthediagramabove）.

2.Thishotgasrunsthroughasetofcoilssoitcandissipateitsheat,anditcondensesintoaliquid.

3.TheFreonliquidrunsthroughanexpansionvalve,andintheprocessitevaporatestobecomecold,low-pressureFreongas（lightblueinthediagramabove）.

4.Thiscoldgasrunsthroughasetofcoilsthatallowthegastoabsorbheatandcooldowntheairinsidethebuilding.

MixedinwiththeFreonisasmallamountofalightweightoil.Thisoillubricatesthecompressor.

WindowUnits

Awindowairconditionerunitimplementsacompleteairconditionerinasmallspace.Theunitsaremadesmallenoughtofitintoastandardwindowframe.Youclosethewindowdownontheunit,plugtheunitinandturnitontogetcoolair.Ifyoutakethecoveroffofanunpluggedwindowunit,youwillfindthatitcontains:

Acompressor

Anexpansionvalve

Ahotcoil（ontheoutside）

Achilledcoil（ontheinside）

Acontrolunit

Thefansblowairoverthecoilstoimprovetheirabilitytodissipateheat（totheoutsideair）andcold（totheroombeingcooled）.

BTUandEER

MostairconditionershavetheircapacityratedinBritishthermalunits（BTU）.Generallyspeaking,aBTUistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofonepound（0.45kg）ofwater1degreeFahrenheit（0.56degreesCelsius）.Specifically,1BTUequals1,055joules.Inheatingandcoolingterms,1"ton"equals12,000BTU.

Atypicalwindowairconditionermightberatedat10,000BTU.Forcomparison,atypical2,000-square-foot（185.8m2）housemighthavea5-ton（60,000-BTU）airconditioningsystem,implyingthatyoumightneedperhaps30BTUpersquarefoot.（Keepinmindthattheseareroughestimates.Tosizeanairconditionerforyourspecificneeds,contactanHVACcontractor.）

Theenergyefficiencyrating（EER）ofanairconditionerisitsBTUratingoveritswattage.Forexample,ifa10,000-BTUairconditionerconsumes1,200watts,itsEERis8.3（10,000BTU/1,200watts）.Obviously,youwouldliketheEERtobeashighaspossible,butnormallyahigherEERisaccompaniedbyahigherprice.

IsthehigherEERisworthit?

Let'ssaythatyouhaveachoicebetweentwo10,000-BTUunits.OnehasanEERof8.3andconsumes1,200watts,andtheotherhasanEERof10andconsumes1,000watts.Let'salsosaythatthepricedifferenceis$100.Tounderstandwhatthepaybackperiodisonthemoreexpensiveunit,youneedtoknow:

1.Approximatelyhowmanyhoursperyearyouwillbeoperatingtheunit

2.Howmuchakilowatt-hour（kWh）costsinyourarea

Let'ssaythatyouplantousetheairconditionerinthesummer（fourmonthsayear）anditwillbeoperatingaboutsixhoursaday.Let'salsoimaginethatthecostinyourareais$0.10/kWh.Thedifferenceinenergyconsumptionbetweenthetwounitsis200watts,whichmeansthateveryfivehoursthelessexpensiveunitwillconsume1additionalkWh（andtherefore$0.10more）thanthemoreexpensiveunit.

Assumingthatthereare30daysinamonth,youfindthatduringthesummeryouareoperatingtheairconditioner:

Sincethemoreexpensiveunitcosts$100morethatmeansthatitwilltakeaboutsevenyearsforthemoreexpensiveunittobreakeven.

Seethispageforagreatexplanationofseasonalenergyefficiencyrating（SEER）.

Split-systemUnits

Asplit-systemairconditionersplitsthehotsidefromthecoldsideofthesystem。

Thecoldside,consistingoftheexpansionvalveandthecoldcoil,isgenerallyplacedintoafurnaceorsomeotherairhandler.Theairhandlerblowsairthroughducts.Thehotsideknownasthecondensingunit,livesoutsidethebuilding.Theunitconsistsofalong,spiralcoilshapedlikeacylinder.Insidethecoilisafan,toblowairthroughthecoil,alongwithaweather-resistantcompressorandsomecontrollogic.Thisapproachhasevolvedovertheyearsbecauseitislow-cost,andalsobecauseitnormallyresultsinreducednoiseinsidethehouse（attheexpenseofincreasednoiseoutsidethehouse）.Besidesthefactthatthehotandcoldsidesaresplitapartandthecapacityishigher（makingthecoilsandcompressorlarger）,thereisnodifferencebetweenasplit-systemandawindowairconditioner.

Inwarehouses,businesses,malls,largedepartmentstores,etc.,thecondensingunitnormallylivesontheroofandcanbequitemassive.Alternatively,theremaybemanysmallerunitsontheroof,eachattachedinsidetoasmallairhandlerthatcoolsaspecificzoneinthebuilding.

Let'stakealooknowatachilled-waterairconditioner.

Chilled-waterSystem

Inlargerbuildingsandparticularlyinmulti-storybuildings,thesplit-systemapproachbeginstorunintoproblems.Eitherrunningthepipebetweenthecondenserandtheairhandlerexceedsdistancelimitations（runsthataretoolongstarttocauselubricationdifficultiesinthecompressor）,ortheamountofduct-workandthelengthofductsbecomeunmanageable.Atthispoint,itistimetothinkaboutachilled-watersystem.

Inachilled-watersystem,theentireairconditionerlivesontherooforbehindthebuilding.Itcoolswatertobetween40and45F（4.4and7.2C）.Thischilledwateristhenpipedthroughoutthebuildingandconnectedtoairhandlersasneeded.Thereisnopracticallimittothelengthofachilled-waterpipeifthesystemcanbegotwell-insulated.

Wheneveryouwalkbehindabuildingandfindaunitthathaslargequantitiesofwaterrunningthroughaplasticmesh,youwillknowyouhavefoundacoolingtower!

Inmanyofficecomplexesandcollegecampuses,coolingtowersandairconditioningequipmentarecentralized,andchilledwaterisroutedtoallofthebuildingsthroughmilesofundergroundpipes.

Basedondynamicloadtrackcentralair-conditioningsystementireclosedloopenergyconservationtechnologyresearch.

1.introductions

Theenergyconservationmaysayisthebuildingcharacterautomaticcontrolsystemstartingpointandthehometoreturnto.Itiswellknown,intheintelligentconstruction,HVAC（heating,ventilatesandairconditioning）thesystemconsumestohavetooccupythebuildingconsumptiontotalenergyenormouspartialproportions,approximatelyabout50%~60%.Speciallycold:

Easttheunit,thecoolingtower,thecirculatingwaterpumpandtheairconditioningunit,thenewatmosphereunit,allareconsumesenergythebighousehold.Thereforereallyhasessentialdevelopsoneeffectiveair-conditioningsystemenergyconservationmethod,especiallyusesisinimprovesintheexistingbuildingair-conditioningsystemautomationtheaspect.DDC（Directdigitalcontr01）thedirectofnumericalcontrol,isastructuresimpleoperationeasycontroldevice,itmayborrowbytheconnectionswitchesovertheequipmenttomakethesystemscontrolalongwiththeloadchange,liketheairconditioningcoldwatercirculatorysystem,theairconditioningboxfrequencyconversionautomaticamountofwindadjustmentandthecoolingtowerradiationventilatorfrequencyconversionholdscontrolsandsoon,mayletanair-conditioningsystemmoreeffectiverevolution,likethis,notonlybringstheverybigeconomicefficiencyfortheestatemanagement,moreoveralsomaycausethesystemtomoveunderabetteroperatingmode,thuslengthens