2016年山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案Word格式.docx
《2016年山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2016年山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案Word格式.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
CinthecontextofDinthelightof
8ThousandsofMedicarepatientswithchronicmedicalconditionshavebeenwrongly accesstonecessarycare.
AgrudgedBdeniedCnegatedDinvalidated
9Ithasbeenproposedbymanylinguiststhathumanlanguage ,ourbiologicallyprogrammedabilithtouselanguage,isstillnotwelldefinedandunderstood.
ApotentialityBperceptionCfacultyDacquisition
10Westernmedicine, scienceandpracticedbypeoplewithacademicinternationallyacceptedmedicaldegrees,isonlyoneofmanysystemsofhealing.
ArootedinBoriginatedfromCtrappedinDindulgedin11WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded:
”No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”
AambiguouslyBimplicitlyCunhesitatinglyDoptimistically
12Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively bytheuseofhumor.
AacquaintedBinstalledCregulatedDfacilitated
13InbothAmericaandEurope,itis totipthewaiterorwaitress
anywherefrom10%to20%.
AelementaryBtemporaryCvoluntaryDcustomary
14Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps rigiddepartmentalborndaries.
ApassoverBstandforCbreakdownDsetoff
15Asateenager,Iwas byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.
ApursuedBseducedCconsumedDguaranteed
16Hisoriginalityasacomposeris bythefollowinggroupofsongs.AexemplifiedBcreatedCperformedDrealized
17TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir destinationisRome.AultimateBprimeCnextDcardinal
18Thepooroldmanwas withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatment
hewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.AsufferedBafflictedCinducedDinfected
19ThebribeandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo themarriage.
AterminateBinitiateCconsummateDseparate
20Joinsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea
efforttohelpthepoorercountries.
AfutileBglitteringCfranticDconcentrated
21Theproblemisinherentandinanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.
AperishableBperiodicalCperverseDperennial
22Asisknowntoall, commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.
AcounterfeitBfakeCimitativeDfraudulent
23Itwouldbe tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.
AsubtleBfeebleCnastyDnaï
ve
24Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave suchacrime.
AconfirmedBclarifiedCcommittedDconveryed
25Hummansare ,whichenablesthemtomakedicisionsevenwhentheycan’tjustifywhy.
ArationalBreasonableChesitantDintuitive
26Morethan100 catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.
AlooseBtamedCwildDstary
27Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean -itcausedpanie.
AexcuseBindulgenceCexaggerationDunderstatement
28Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.
AsubjecttoBcarryonCyieldtoDaimat
29Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyoudirectionsaresoclearand thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.
AonthepointBoffthepointCtothepointDuptoapoint30Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto whatcouldhavehappened.
ArehearseBreiterateCreinforceDreenact
阅读：
A
In1896ageorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathof
theirtwoyearoldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomic
contributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.in
contrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofa
threeyearoldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwon
anawardof$750,000.thetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitin
juxta-posingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofvivianazelizer'
s
excellentbook,<
i>
pricingthepricelesschild<
/i>
.duringthe
nineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe"
useful"
childwho
contributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-day
notionofthe"
useless"
childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,and
indeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally
"
priceless."
wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupper
classesbythemid-1800'
s,thisnewviewofchildhoodspread
through-out
society
in
the
iate-nineteenth
and
early-twentiethcenturies as reformers introduced child-labor
regulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinparton
theassumptionthatachild'
semotionalvaluemadechildlabor
taboo.forzelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyand
complex.thegradualerosionofchildren'
sproductivevalueina
maturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,
especially in childmortality, and the development of the
companionatefamily（afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicit
bondsofloveratherthanduty）wereallfactorscriticalinchanging
theassessmentofchildren'
sworth.yet"
expulsionofchildrenfromthe
'
cashnexus,'
...althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesin
theeconomic,
occupational,
family
structures,"
zelizer
maintains."
wasalsopartofaculturalprocess'
of
sacralization'
ofchildren'
slives."
protectingchildrenfromthecrass
businessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-century
middle-classAmericans,shesuggests;
thissacralizationwasawayof
resistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionof
humanvalues by themarketplace.in stressing the cultural
determinantsofachild'
sworth.zelizertakesissuewithpractitioners
ofthenew"
sociologicaleconomics,"
whohaveanalyzedsuch
traditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,and
healthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.allowingonlya
smallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual"
preferences,"
thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarily
bytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.zelizerishighly
criticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheopposite
phenomenon:
thepowerofsocialvaluesto
transformprice.aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,
sheargues,their"
exchange"
or"
surrender"
valueonthemarket,that
is,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,became
muchgreater.
1.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawards
inAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipally
onthe
（a）earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath
（b）wealthofthepartycausingthedeath
（c）degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath
（d）amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled
2.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800'
schildren
weregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho
（a）neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection
（b）requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking
（c）wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily
（d）wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool
3.whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthe
cashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardby
sociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?
（a）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcentury
becauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentinthe
upbringingof
theirchildren.
（b）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcentury
becausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreased
greatly.
（c）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcentury
becausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesale
reappraisaloftheworthofanindividual
（d）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcentury
becausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraised
thecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.
theprimarypurp
升级会员 