山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题Word格式.doc

山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题Word格式.doc

《山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题Word格式.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《山西大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题Word格式.doc（25页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

AatanyrateBbychanceCatalossDbytheway

7.Themotherwas_____withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

AfantasticBfrankCfranticDfrenzy

8.Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay_____fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.

AtakecontrolBtakeplaceCtakeupDtakeover

9.Parentsoftenfacedthe___betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

AparadoxBjunctionCpremiseDdilemma

10.Therehavebeendemonstrationsonthestreets____therecentterroristattack.

AinthewakeofBinthecourseof

CinthecontextofDinthelightof

11.WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded_____:

”No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”

AambiguouslyBimplicitlyCunhesitatinglyDoptimistically

12Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively_______bytheuseofhumor.

AacquaintedBinstalledCregulatedDfacilitated

13InbothAmericaandEurope,itis_____totipthewaiterorwaitressanywherefrom10%to20%.

AelementaryBtemporaryCvoluntaryDcustomary

14Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps______rigiddepartmentalborndaries.

ApassoverBstandforCbreakdownDsetoff

15Asateenager,Iwas_____byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.

ApursuedBseducedCconsumedDguaranteed

16Hisoriginalityasacomposeris____bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

AexemplifiedBcreatedCperformedDrealized

17TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir______destinationisRome.

AultimateBprimeCnextDcardinal

18Thepooroldmanwas_____withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

AsufferedBafflictedCinducedDinfected

19ThebribeandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo_______themarriage.

AterminateBinitiateCconsummateDseparate

20Joinsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea_____efforttohelpthepoorercountries.

AfutileBglitteringCfranticDconcentrated

21Theproblemisinherentand_______inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.

AperishableBperiodicalCperverseDperennial

22Asisknowntoall,____commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.

AcounterfeitBfakeCimitativeDfraudulent

23Itwouldbe_____tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.

AsubtleBfeebleCnastyDnaï

ve

24Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave____suchacrime.

AconfirmedBclarifiedCcommittedDconveryed

25Hummansare___,whichenablesthemtomakedicisionsevenwhentheycan’tjustifywhy.

ArationalBreasonableChesitantDintuitive

26Morethan100____catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.

AlooseBtamedCwildDstary

27Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean______-------itcausedpanie.

AexcuseBindulgenceCexaggerationDunderstatement

28Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot____theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.

AsubjecttoBcarryonCyieldtoDaimat

29Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyoudirectionsaresoclearand____thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.

AonthepointBoffthepointCtothepointDuptoapoint

30Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto_____whatcouldhavehappened.

ArehearseBreiterateCreinforceDreenact

阅读：

A

In1896ageorgiacouplesuingfordamagesinthe 

accidentaldeathoftheirtwoyearoldwastoldthatsince 

thechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothe 

family,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.incontrast, 

lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree 

yearoldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamages 

andwonanawardof$750,000. 

thetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxta- 

posingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofviviana 

zelizer'

sexcellentbook,<

i>

pricingthepricelesschild<

/i>

. 

duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconcept 

ofthe"

useful"

childwhocontributedtothefamily 

economygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotion 

useless"

childwho,thoughproducingnoincome 

for,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyet 

consideredemotionally"

priceless."

wellestablished 

amongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythe 

mid-1800'

s,thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthrough- 

outsocietyintheiate-nineteenthandearly-twentieth 

centuriesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulations 

andcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartonthe 

assumptionthatachild'

semotionalvaluemadechild 

labortaboo. 

forzelizertheoriginsofthistransformationwere 

manyandcomplex.thegradualerosionofchildren'

s 

productivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy, 

thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchild 

mortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionate 

family（afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedby 

explicitbondsofloveratherthanduty）wereallfactors 

criticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren'

sworth. 

yet"

expulsionofchildrenfromthe'

cashnexus,'

... 

althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesinthe 

economic,occupational,andfamilystructures,"

zelizer 

maintains."

wasalsopartofaculturalprocess'

ofsacralization'

ofchildren'

slives."

protectingchildrenfromthe 

crassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantfor 

late-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,she 

suggests;

thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhat 

theyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhuman 

valuesbythe 

marketplace. 

instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild'

worth.zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew 

"

sociologicaleconomics,"

whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforces 

intheformofindividual"

preferences,"

thesesociologists 

tendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilyby 

theprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.zelizeris 

highlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinstead 

theoppositephenomenon:

thepowerofsocialvaluesto 

transformprice.aschildrenbecamemorevaluablein 

emotionalterms,sheargues,their"

exchange"

or"

surrender"

valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionof 

theirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuch 

greater. 

1.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe 

（a）earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath 

（b）wealthofthepartycausingthedeath 

（c）degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath 

（d）amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled 

2.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800'

schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho 

（a）neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection 

（b）requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking 

（c）wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily 

（d）wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool 

3.whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

（a）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingof 

theirchildren. 

（b）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly. 

（c）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual 

（d）thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor. 

4.theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto 

（a）re