论环境和社会制度对人的行为和品格的影响以《雾都孤儿》中南希的形象分析为例文档格式.docx

论环境和社会制度对人的行为和品格的影响以《雾都孤儿》中南希的形象分析为例文档格式.docx

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她原本是善良的，可是社会环境却使她陷入贼窝而不能自拔，终究成了贼，但她还是向往纯真的爱情，内心还时时流露出善良的一面。

本文主要通过分析《雾都孤儿》中南希这个人物性格的转变、形成过程，进而探讨社会环境和社会制度对人的行为和品格形成的影响。

关键词：

南希；

形象分析；

社会环境；

社会制度

TableofContents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

2.CharlesDickensandhisOliverTwist2

2.1ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickens2

2.2ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickens’Works3

2.3ABriefIntroductiontoNancy3

3.TheEffectofEnvironmentandInstitutiononNancy’sCharacter4

3.1TheInfluenceofEnvironmentonNancy’sValues4

3.1.1Nancy’sunfortunatefateofbeingforcedtobeathief4

3.1.2Nancy’sfalselovetoSikes4

3.1.3Nancy’sdetestationtothedenofthieves5

3.2HerConscienceandtheDenoftheThieves5

3.2.1Nancy’sRisktoUncovertheParentageofOliver6

4.TheEnvironmentandtheSocialSystemandNancy’sLibertyandChoices7

4.1TheInfluenceoftheEnvironmentonNancy’sLibertyandChoices7

4.2TheInfluenceofDifferentBackgroundonDifferentPeople’sLove7

4.2.1Nancy’sBlindMiserableLovetoSikes7

4.2.2TheLoveofMr.BrownlowandMrs.MaylieandtheirFamily8

5.TheInspirationofNancy’sBitterExperiencetoReaders10

5.1ADescriptionofNancyintheDenofThieves,theReflectionoftheEviloftheCapitalistSystem10

5.1.1ProfoundReflectionoftheDarknessofSocialRealityatThatTime10

5.1.2ReflectionofthePeople’sHardLifeundertheCapitalistSystem10

5.2TheConfrontationbetweentheJusticeandtheEvil10

5.3TheRewardoftheKindheartedPeople11

6.Conclusion12

References13

Acknowledgements14

1.Introduction

CharlesDickenswasagreatfamousBritishnovelistandarepresentativeofrealismwithhisnovelsvividlyreflectingtherealitiesofthe19thcenturyinBritishsociety.The‘OliverTwist’wasoneofhismasterpieces,whichdescribeslowersocial-classpeople’slifeconditionsinLondon,especiallythethieves’evillife.Amongthecharactersinthenovel,Nancyisnotanimportantone,butsheisdifferentfromotherthievesinthegroup.Althoughshelivesaneviltheftlife,NancyiskindheartedtotheboyOliverTwist,whichisworthdiscussing.ThereisaconflictbetweenNancy’sbehaviorsandhercomplexinnerworld,oritisfullofgoodandevilconflict.

Nowadays,manyscholarsinourcountryhavemaderesearchanddiscussionaboutNancyin‘OliverTwist’.However,mostofthemjustmaderesearchanddiscussionabouthergeneralcharacter,suchasthecontradictionandcomplexityofhertheftevilsandkindheartedness.However,whathascausedhertoliveasawomanthiefwithadifferentcharacterfromotherthieves?

InordertoexploredeeplythechangeandformationofNancy’scharacter,thediscussionandanalysisofNancyshouldbefurtherandthorough.ThewriterthinksthecontradictionandcomplexityofNancy’stheftevilsandkindheartednessisduetonothingbuttheeffectofthesocialsurroundingsandcapitalistsystemthatshelivesin.Therefore,itisnecessaryandsignificantforustoexploretheinfluenceofsocialsystemandthesurroundingsonthebehaviorsandcharactersofhumanbeings.Onlybysodoing,canwereadersunderstandandappreciatetherespectivecharactersinthenovelinadifferentangle.

2.CharlesDickensandhisOliverTwist

2.1ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickens

CharlesDickens（1812---1870）wasthemostpopularBritishnovelistoftheVictorianperiod,andmanyofhisnovelswereverypopularbecauseheadvocatedinhisworksthesocialchangeandreform.HewasconsideredoneofthebestEnglishnovelistsofthe19thcentury.Asaconsciouswriterathistime,hecreatedmanyliteraryworksexposingthewretchednessofthedowntrodden,expressinghisangerattheheartlessoppression.

AlthoughDickenswasbaptizedandrearedinaChurchofEngland,hewasanominalAnglicanforhiswholelife.HeassociatedhimselfwithReligionuntiltheendofhislife.EarlyexperiencewithDissentersgavehimalifelongaversiontoevangelicalzeal,doctrinaldisputationandsectarianism.EquallyunsympatheticwithHighChurchAnglicanism,hefearedthattheOxfordmovementmightleadEnglandbacktoRomanCatholicism.Hebegantoworkasasolicitor’sclerk.Intheevenings,hetaughthimselfshorthand,whichhelpedhimtoworkasareporter.First,heworkedinDoctors’Commonslawcourtsfrom1829to1831,andthensteno-graphedvariousparliamentarydebatesforLondonnewspapersfrom1832to1834.In1834,Dickensbegantopublishhumorousandsatiricalessaysinmagazineswiththepseudonym‘Boz,’andsomeofthesewerecollectedandpublishedinhisfirstbookSketchesin1836.Inwritinghisreports,heaccumulatedalotofcreationexperience.In1858,thecritic,WalterBagehot,calledhim‘aspecialcorrespondentforposterity’.

Inhiscreation,heintendedtoexposeandcriticizewhathehadseenallaroundhimaboutthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptness.Heexperiencedtheoppressionwhenhewasveryyoung.Inhisteens,hehadtoendhisschooleducation,andworkedinafactory,whichhelpedDickenstocreatehisgood,bad,andcomiccharacters.Forexample,thecruelmiserScrooge,theaspiringDavidCopperfield,andthetrustingandinnocentMr.Pickwick,havefascinatedgenerationsofreaders.

CharlesDickenswasborninthesuburbsofPortsmouthduringthenewindustrialage,inwhichthetheoriesofKarlMarxemerged.In1814,DickensmovedtoLondon,andthenmovedtoChatham,wherehereceivedsomeeducation.TheschoolmasterWilliamGilesgavespecialattentiontoDickens,whomaderapidprogressatthattime.In1824,attheageof12,DickensworkedforseveralmonthsatablackingfactorycalledHungerfordMarketinLondon,whilehisfatherJohnwasinprisonbecauseofMarshaleddebt.Dickens’ssharpearforconversationhelpedhimtocreatecolorfulcharactersthroughtheirownwords.

2.2ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickens’Works

Dickensgrewupinpoverty,andthatexperiencewashelpfultohiscreationorwriting.Heknewwhattheirlifewaslikeabouttheorphans,urchins,rogues,shopkeepers,stuffedshirts,widows,andothercolorfulcharacterspulledfromthesootystreetsofLondon.CharlesDickenscreatedATaleofTwoCities,OliverTwist,GreatExpectations,andothersuccessfulnovelsin19th-centuryofEngland.Asanall-aroundworkhorse,Dickensnotonlyeditedamonthlymagazine,butalsowrotenovels,publicreadings,andaChristmasstoryeveryyear.Hisnovelswereoftenpublishedfirstinserialform,sothathisinstallmentsarebywayofchapter-by-chaptermonthlyinmagazines.AmonghismajorworksareOliverTwist（completed1839）,TheOldCuriosityShop（1841）,DavidCopperfield（1850）,thehistoricaldramaATaleofTwoCities（1859）,andGreatExpectations（1861）.

2.3ABriefIntroductiontoNancy

NancyisnotanimportantcharacterinthenovelOliverTwist.Althoughsheisathief,shekeepskindnessandjusticeinherheart.Itcansafelysayshelivesacontradictorylifeamongthieves,whichimpliesthatherlifeisrelevanttothequestionthatabadsurroundingsandcapitalistsystemcaninfluenceandpoisonsomeone’ssoulandcharacter.Asthestorydevelops,thedescriptionofNancy’scontradictorycharacterandpsychologyhasbecomeclearandvivid.AsachildinthestreetsofLondon,Nancyhasbeenathiefandalcoholicbinges.Thenarrator’sreferencetoherfree,agreeable,mannersandsoon,indicatesthatsheisaprostitute.Sheisimmersedinthevicesowingtotheevilenvironmentandthecapitalistsocietyshelivesin,butshekeepsthenoblestsenseinhermind.Forexample,shesacrificesherownlifeinordertoprotectthelittleOliverTwist.Nancy’smoralcomplexityisuniqueamongthemajorcharactersinOliverTwist.AlmostthetheftcharactersinthenovelarenothingbutevilssuchasFagin,Sikes,andMonks,butonlyNancycandobothevilsandgood,whichiscontradictorytoherlife.Herinnerinstinctpromptshertodosomethinggood,becauseshestillhasthebasicconsciencetopeople.

Nancy’sloveforSikesexemplifiesaswellthemoralcontradictionandambiguityofhercharacter.ShepointsouttoRosethatdevotiontoamancanbe‘acomfortandapride’undertherightcircumstances.Nevertheless,forNancy,suchdevotionisanewmeansofviolenceandsuffering—indeed,herrelationshipwithSikesleadshertocriminalactsforhisinterestsandeventuallytoherowndemise.Thesamebehavior,indifferentcircumstances,canhavedifferentconsequencesandmoralsignificance.InOliverTwist,moralityandnobilityareblack-and-whiteissues,butNancy’scharactersuggeststhattheboundarybetweenvirtueandviceisnotalwaysclearlydrawn.

3.TheEffectofEnvironmentandInstitutiononNancy’sCharacter

3.1TheInfluenceofEnvironmentonNancy’sValues

3.1.1Nancy’sunfortunatefateofbeingforcedtobeathief

AboutNancy’sorigin,theauthordoesnottellindetail.Accordingtothenovel,shewasayoungfemalethiefagedaboutseventeenoreighteenwhensheappearedthefirsttimeinthestory.Sikes,thethief,forciblyoccupiedher,andhadhertobehismistress,whichrevealedshecoulddonothingbutbeathief.

Nancywasborninhumblesurroundings.Facingthecruelreality,shecoulddonothingbuttheevilthings.Sherealizedunderthemiserablecircumstances,onlytheftcouldsurviveher.Unfortunately,shewascontrolled,andworkedasawomanwealth-producingtoolforFagin.Thatiswhy,inherheart,shehadhatredforthesocietyandthetheftdencontrolledbyFagin.Atthesametime,shehadsympathyforlittleOliverTwist,andevenscarifiedherlifetoprotec