大学英语四级真题及参考答案和听力音频Word文档格式.docx
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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
HowDoYouSeeDiversity(多样;
不同;
千变万化)?
Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidate(投考者;
候选人)nevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.
Hehadaperfectresume(1重新开始,2再拿;
重占)andgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.
“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthority(1.权威;
威信2.权威人士)wasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.
“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofeyecontact;
notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”
Manyofushavehadsimilarencounters(遭遇,偶然遇到)withbehaviorsweperceive(察觉,理解;
发觉)asdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunderstandingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions(假定;
假设).
HireAdvantage
Atatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminate(除去;
淘汰)invalidbiases(偏见)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustrates(加插图;
举例说明)thepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.
“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruit(n.新兵,新成员;
vt.招募,吸收)adiversifiedworkforce(劳动力).Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilize(利用)theirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletosayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”
BlindedbyGender
Daleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias(偏见),”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.
“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;
andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.
“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”
YearoftheKnow-It-All
Dougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.
“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumed(假装,假定)hehadhisdateswrong’,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimatongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.
“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYearoff,nottheWesternNewYear.HeexplainedpolitelythatinhisculturethenewyeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions(假定;
假设),andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.
“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithtoyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive(包括一切的;
包括的)’todifferences.”
ABetterBottomLine
Anopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.“MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asaresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”
Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals,anddiscard(抛开;
遗弃)thestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhance(增加;
提高)usasindividualsandreinforce(增强)oursharedhumanity.
Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc.,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamental(基础的;
基本的;
重要的)values.Weneedtotrainourselvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?
A)Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.
B)Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.
C)Hisresumedidn’tprovidethenecessaryinformation.
D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.
2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom_______.
A)racialstereotypes
B)invalidpersonalbias
C)culturalignorance
D)emphasisonphysicalappearance
3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?
A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.
B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.
C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.
D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.
4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?
A)Arealestateagency.
B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.
C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.
D)Ahi-techcompany.
5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat____.
A)hehadhiredthewrongperson
B)hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany
C)hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell
D)hemustgetridofhisgenderbias
6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?
A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.
B)Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.
C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.
D)Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.
7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?
A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.
B)Hedemandedanexplanation.
C)Heflatlyturneditdown.
D)Hereadilyapprovedit.
8.Dougfelt_embarrassed_______whenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.
9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceof______totheirbusiness.
10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe_______betweenus.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A)Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.
B)Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.
C)Shethrewasurprisepartyforherfriend.
D)Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.
12.A)Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.
B)TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.
C)They