《失乐园》撒旦形象Word格式.docx

《失乐园》撒旦形象Word格式.docx

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副教授

学院：

外国语学院

专业：

英语

班级：

2012级班

二〇一四年三月

试论《失乐园》中撒旦的形象

外国语学院

英语专业

申请文学学士学位

毕业论文

OntheImageofSataninParadiseLost

AThesisSubmittedto

EnglishDepartment,

SchoolofForeignLanguages,

NanyangNormalUniversity

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

Supervisor：

Acknowledgments

Mysincereanddeepappreciationshouldfirstlygotomytutor,ProfessorLiXiaohai,whoreadandexaminethemanuscriptofmythesiswithgreatcareandofferedmehisvaluableadviceandsuggestions.Hispatiencehelpedmemakethedetailedrevisionsandimprovementsofmythesis.Withouthisconstructiveadviceandcontinuousassistance,theprocessofwritingwouldbeboringandtough.

Ialsowouldliketoexpressmythankstomyfriendsfortheirsupportingandencouragementduringmystudy.TheyhavestimulatedtogoonwritingwhenIfeltanxious.Theirfriendlyandgeneroushelpissignificant.Andmyappreciationisalsoshowntomyparents,whoofferedtheirconstantandspiritualcaringtome.

Finally,IowemythankstomymotheruniversityandalltheteachersintheEnglishAcademia,whoeducatedandcultivatedmeheartandsoul.Fromthem,Ihavelearnedtheusefulknowledgeonliteratureandgainedabetterandmorebroadenedunderstanding.

摘要

在弥尔顿所有的著作中，《失乐园》是最复杂，最难理解的一部作品，并为其赢得了永久的荣誉。

在《失乐园》中，弥尔顿通过对撒旦反抗,堕落过程的描写赋予了撒旦新的形象，也让我们重新认识了撒旦，并了解了当时的英国文化。

撒旦作为《失乐园》中最具影响力人物，吸引了众多评论家的目光,引起了几个世纪的争论。

撒旦是《失乐园》中颇具争议的人物，他既是一位为了平等和自由敢于向最高权威进行不屈不挠斗争的反叛英雄，又是一个利益熏心，娇矜狂妄的魔鬼；

同时他还是弥尔顿关于自由意志与理性原则并存的思想观念的艺术载体，即人为了自由和理想而奋斗同时又受到真理的约束。

本文除剖析撒旦的形象外，还将探究十七世纪社会背景及弥尔顿个人经历和信仰，揭开弥尔顿笔下撒旦多重形象的根本原因。

关键词：

《失乐园》；

撒旦；

英雄；

恶魔

Abstract

AllofJohnMilton’sgreatworks,ParadiseLostisthemostcomplicatedandmostprofoundone,whichwinshimendlesshonor.InParadiseLost,throughthedescriptionoftheprocessofSatan’srebellionandhisfall,theauthorgivesusanewimageofthedevilandalsoallowsustore-acquaintwithSatan,tounderstandwhatthecultureinBritainis.AsthemostinfluentialcharacterinParadiseLost,Satancatchesallthecritics’eyesandleadstocenturies’disputes.Satanisacontroversialcharacteractedbothasarebelliousherowhodarestotenaciouslychallengethesupremeauthorityforequalityandfreedomandadevilwhoisblindbygain,prideandconceit.Meanwhile,heisalsotheartisticembodimentofMilton’sthoughtsandideasforfreewillandrationalprinciples,whichistofightforfreedomanddreamundertheconstraintoftruth.InadditiontoanalysisSatan’simage,thisthesiswillalsomakearesearchintothebackgroundof17thcentury,Milton’spersonalexperienceandbeliefstofindoutthetruereasonforSatan’smultipleimages.

KeyWords:

ParadiseLose;

Satan;

hero;

devil

Contents

AcknowledgmentsI

摘要II

AbstractIII

ContentsIV

1.Introduction1

2.SatanViewedasaHero2

2.1Satan’sSpiritofRevolting“Tyrannic”Authority2

2.2Satan’sHeroicEloquence3

2.3Satan’sWisdomandEmotion5

3.SatanViewedasaDevil6

3.1SatanIstheAuthorofAllDevils6

4.3Satan’sDevilinTermsofMilton’sReligiousBeliefs8

3.4Satan,aPoliticalDevil10

4.AResearchforSatan’sMultipleImages12

4.1TheRiseofHumanism12

4.2Milton’sFreeWill13

4.5ReligiousEffects15

5.Conclusion17

Bibliography18

1.Introduction

JohnMiltonisoneofthemostfamouswritersduringthewholeEnglishhistory.ForMilton’sheroicdevotionalpractice,ZhuWeizhipraises“Miltonstandsalone,shininginthegenerationwhoisnotworthyofhisshine.”[1:

382]Ofallhisworks,ParadiseLostisdefinitelyagreatsuccessforMiltonwhichoccupiesaveryhighpositioninEnglishliterature.

ParadiseLostrecountsthestoryofSatan’srebellionagainstGod,andofthedisobedienceandfallofAdamandEve.Itdealswithrevolt,withsinandfall,andwiththepossiblesalvation.Itpresentstheauthor’sviewsinanallegoricreligiousform.ItisalsoareflectionofthereactionaryforcesofMilton’stimeandthepassionateappealforfreedom.

Satan,asamajorcharacterintroducedinthepoem,hassuccessfullycaughtagreatnumberofcritics’attention.TheissuesofwhetherSatanisaherooradevilhavebeenalastingcontroversialdisputeoverhundredsofyears.However,toanalyzehiminamorereasonableangleandfromcomprehensivefactors,wecaneasilycometoaconclusionthatSatanisbothaheroandadevilinParadiseLost.ThisthesiswillbedividedmainlyintofourpartstogiveadetailimageofSatanandanalyzetherealreasonforhismultipleimages.Part2andpart3depictSatanbothasaheroandadevil.Part4statestheactualreasonforSatan’smultipleimagesaccordingtothebackground,Milton’sexperiencesandbeliefs.ThelastpartisconclusionwhichcomprehensivelyanalyzestheimageofSatandiscussedpreviouslyandgivesconstructiveadvicesabouthowtomakeresearchesonliteraryworks.

2.SatanViewedasaHero

Heroesarealwayscourageoustofightagainsttheuncoordinatedfactorsofthesociety;

theyarenotreconciledtobeingdictatedtothemightypower.Theymakegooduseoftheircourageandwisdomtostrikefortheequalityandfreedom,whichstandforasoundandpositivesocietyandtheyareconfidentthatthevictorybelongstothem.InParadiseLost,Satandemonstratesthesepersonalitiesofaheroinhisstrongdesireforfreedom,equalityandhiswisdomtofightagainstthe“tyranny”oftheGod.

2.1Satan’sSpiritsofRevolting“Tyrannic”Authority

ThemainbravenessofSatanasaheromainlyliesinthefactthatSatanisthegroundbreakerwhorevoltsagainstGod.SatantakestworevengestoGodaltogether:

thefirstisontheHeavenwiththebattleagainsttheSonofGodandthesecondisinEdentemptingmankindgoingagainstGod’swill.AlthoughthereisnoevidencetoshowthatGodisreallyatyrannicrulerontheHeavenbutonlySatan’sone-sidedwords,Satanisagoodandbravesoldierintermsofthesayingthatthesoldierwhodoesnotwanttobeageneralisnotagoodone.Satandarestobethefirstonetoeatcrab,whichissupportiveenoughtogetthetitleofbravehero.

Afterthefallintothehell,Satandoesnotlosehisresolutiontofightback.Hisunchangingmindmakeshimpositiveandoptimisticathissituations.Hebidsfarewelltohishappyfieldsoncehelivesin,andheadsforthehellresolutelywithstrongconfidencetoconquer,ashetalkstothefollowers:

...Hail,horrors!

Hail,

Internalworld!

andthou,profoundeftHell,

RevMvethynewpoffeffor―onewhobrings

Amindnottobechang'

dbyplaceortime.

Themindisitsownplace,andinitself

CanmakeaHeav'

nofHell,aHellofHeav'

n.

……..[3:

378]

SatanmakesthegreatresolutionastomakeaHeavenofHell,whichreallyreflectstheheroiccharacterofSatan.AtimidmanmayneverhavesuchkindofmindbutSatanasagreathero.WecanalsoseehisheroiccharacteristicsthroughSatan’srevengeagainstGodbydestroyingGod’snewworkofmankindinEden.Thejourneyofrevengeisfullofdifficultiesandobstacles,andSatanmakesgreateffortstoovercomethemontheroad.Allofhisangelfollowersaredreadofthejourneyandtheplan,sotheydarenottotakethejobtodo.Thecouragetoovercomethedifficultiesanddangers,withoutdoubt,isofahero’scharacter.

2.2Satan’sHeroicEloquence

Satanisagreatmasteroflanguage.Hecanspeakbeautifulandpersuasivelanguagetobringhisarmyandfollowerstogethertightly.AsWinstonChurchill,theBritishnotedstatesmanaswellasagreatorator,cheereduphisarmyintheWorldWarIIwithhispowerfulspeechesandskillfullanguages.SatanmakesseveralspeechesinParadiseLostinfrontofhisangle-followers,whichcheersuphisfollowerstofightforhim.Hislanguageofbraveryshowsthatheisahero,atleastonewithcourageandbravery.

Languageispowerfulindeed,againprovedbySatan’swonderfulspeecheshehasmadeinthehelltohisalliedarmyofthefallen-angels.Hisspeech,whichhemakesinthefirsttimewhenheawakesafterthefallfromtheHeaven,notonlycomfortshimselffromthedeepdesperation,butalsoconvincesmanyreadersandscholarstoviewhimasahero.Thefamousandfar-reachinginfluentialspeechisstatedinBookI,themostsignificantlinesareasfollowings:

...Whatthoughthefieldbeloft?

Allisnotloft;

th'

unconquerablewill,

Andftudyofrevenge,immortalhate,

Andcouragenevertofubmitoryield:

Andwhatiselfenottobeovercome[3:

105]

Inthehell,theyaregoingthroughtheunbearablesuffering,however,Satancanstillholdthestrengthandmakesuchpowerfulandinspiringspeech-out.IthastoadmitthatSatanisofdefinitelyheroiccharacteristicsatthemoment.Thewordsas“unconquerablewill”and“couragenevertosubmitoryield”aresostrongandpositivethatnobodywouldnotbetouchedandmovedforthesewords.

AfterSatanandhisarmymaketheplantogotodestroyEden,noneofthefollowersarebraveenoughtobethevolunteeronetodothetask.AndofcourseSatanistheonlyonewhotakesthedangerousandchallengingomission.Hesaid，

Butshouldillbecomethisthrone,OPeers,

Andthisimperialfov'

reignty,adorn'

d

Withfplendor,arm'

dwithpower,ifaughtproposed

Andjudg'

dofpublicmomentintheshape

Ofdifficultyordanger,coulddeter

Mefromattempting.Whereforedo’Iaffume

Theferoyalties,andnotrefufetoreign,

Refufingtoacceptasgreatafhare

Ofhazardasofhonour,duealike

Tohimwhoreigns,