计算机专业英语教案文档格式.docx
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resource:
资源
utilities(utilityprograms):
实用程序
二.Importantsentences(重点句):
1.Acomputersystemincludesbothhardwareandsoftware.
2.Abasicorganizationofacomputerhardwaresystemconsistsofaninputdevice,anoutputdevice,memoryandaCentralProcessingUnit(CPU).
3.Softwareproductsmaybedividedintofourbasictypes:
applicationprograms,programminglanguageprocessors,operatingsystems,andsystemutilities.
4.Applicationprogramsallowyoutoperformsuchtasksassolvingstatisticalproblems,keepingyourcompany'
saccountbooksorplayingacomputergame.
5.Programminglanguageprocessorsareprogramsthatsupporttheuseofacomputerlanguageonacomputersystem.
6.Operatingsystemsarecontrolprogramsthatmanagehardwareandsoftwareresourcesandenableyoutorunapplicationprograms.
7.Systemutilitiesarespecialprogramsthatenhancetheusefulnessandcapabilitiesofacomputer.
三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintoEnglish.
(1)硬件:
hardware
(2)软件:
software
(3)集成电路:
integratedcircuits(IC)
(4)中央处理器:
centralprocessingunit(CPU)
(5)应用软件:
applicationsoftware
(6)应用程序:
applicationprogram
2.TranslatethefollowingscreenmessagesintoChinese.
(1)、
(2)、(3).
3.TranslatethefollowingWindows95andDOS7.0screenmessagesintoChinese:
(1)、
(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)
4.MultipleChoice:
(1)、C
(2)、B
(3)、B
(4)、B
UNITONEIntroductiontoComputers
Text2SystemComponentsofComputers
一、Vocabulary(词汇):
component:
部件,元件
image:
图形
printer:
打印机
cabinet:
机箱
chip:
芯片
silicon:
硅片
mainmemory:
主存储器
secondarystorage:
辅助存储器
diskettedrive:
软驱
displayscreen(ormonitor):
显示器
1.Acomputersystemconsistsoffourbasiccomponents:
theCentralProcessingUnit(CPU),memory,inputdeviceandoutputdevice.
(1)计算机系统:
computersystem
(2)主存储器:
mainmemory
(3)辅助存储器:
secondarystorage
(4)键盘:
keyboard
(5)显示器:
displayscreen(ormonitor)
(6)数据:
data
(1)、
(2)
(2)、(3)、(4)
4.TrueorFalse:
(1)、F
(3)、F
(4)、T
(5)、F
Text3TheEvolutionofComputers
vacuumtube:
真空管
siliconchip:
硅片
large-scale:
大规模的
integration:
集成
chipcircuitry:
芯片电路
package:
封装
auxiliarystorage(=externalstorageorsecondarystorage):
data:
数据
magneticdisk:
磁盘
memorycapacity(=storagecapacity):
存储器容量
microprocessor:
微处理器
multiprogramming:
多道程序设计
二、Importantsentences(重点句):
1.Modernelectroniccomputersdidn'
tappearuntilthe1940'
s.ResearchworkersinAmericaproducedaworkingcomputerin1946.
2.Thefirst-generationofcomputerswereusedfrom1946to1959.TheywerecharacterizedbythemostprominentfeatureoftheENIAC-vacuumtubes,andwerelarge,costly,expensivetopowerandoftenunreliable.
3.Thesecond-generationofcomputersspannedtheyearsfrom1959throughto1964.Themostnotablechangewasthattransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.
4.Inaddition,thesecond-generationcomputersweregivenauxiliarystorage,sometimescalledexternalorsecondarystorage.
5.Thirdgenerationcomputerslastedfrom1964to1971.Thethird-generationismarkedchieflybythedevelopmentofintegratedcircuits,whichreplacedtransistors.
6.From1971tothepresent,wehavefourth-generationcomputers.
三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
(1)电子管:
vacuumtube
(2)晶体管:
transistor
(3)磁带机:
magnetictapemachine
(4)磁盘机:
magneticdiskmachine
(5)微处理器:
microprocessor
(6)大规模集成电路:
Large-scaleintegrationcircuits
(1)、(8)、(9)
(2)、(3)、(5)、(8)
4.MutipleChoice:
(1)、B
(2)、C
(3)、B、D
Text4MicrocomputerArchitecture
keyboard:
键盘
printer:
plotter:
绘图仪
diskette:
软盘
execute:
执行
screen:
显示屏
medium(pl.media):
媒体,介质
system:
系统
motherboard:
母板,主板
drive:
驱动器
memoryboard:
内存板
slot:
插槽
bus:
总线
bit:
位
interface:
接口
harddisk:
硬盘
1.Mostsystemsareconstructedaroundamotherboard,whichisametalframewordcontainingaseriesofslotsthatarelinkedthroughabustoan8-or16-bitprocessor.
2.CPU:
Itisusedtocarryoutavarietyofessentialdatamanipulationandcontrollingtasksintheheartofthecomputer.
3.Mainmemory:
ItcontainstheprogramstheCPUiscurrentlyexecutingandthedatatheseprogramsareoperatingon.
4.Massstoragedevices:
Theharddisk,floppydiskandmagnetictapedrivesarecalledmassstoragedevices,whichholddataforlong-termstorage.
5.Input/Outputdevices:
Thekeyboard,CRTdisplay(monitor),printerandXY-plotterarereferredtoasinput/outputdevices.
(1)微型计算机:
microcomputer
(2)母板:
motherboard
(3)插槽:
slot
(4)接口:
interface
(5)硬盘驱动器:
harddiskdrive
(6)软盘驱动器:
floppydiskdrive
(1)、
(2)、(3)
(1)、(3)、(4)、(6)、(8)
(1)、Lookingfromoutside,amicrocomputerconsistsofacase,akeyboard,amonitorandaprinter.
(2)、Tobootupacomputer,youcaneitherdoawarmbootoracoldboot.
(3)、Thecomputercanusethebinarynumbersystemtorepresentanycharacter.Byfar,ASCIIdevelopedinUSA,isthemostwidelyusedcode.
(4)、ThemainmemoryinacomputerconsistsofRAMandROM.
(5)、Amicrocomputerhasatleast640kbytesofmemory.1kbyteconsistsof1024bytes.
Text5ComputerViruses
format:
格式化
shell:
壳,外壳
modify:
修改
insert:
插入,嵌入
extension:
扩展名
version:
版本
computervirus:
计算机病毒
sector:
扇区
intrusivevirus:
入侵病毒
RAM(RandomAccessMemory):
随机存储器
RAM-residentprogram:
内存驻留程序
operatingsystemvirus:
操作系统病毒
bootup:
引导
shellvirus:
外壳病毒
sourcecodevirus:
源码病毒
devicedriver:
设备驱动程序
sourceprogram:
源程序
hostprogram:
主程序
compile:
编译
wormvirus:
蠕虫病毒
macrovirus:
宏病毒
1.Computervirusesaresmallprogramsdesignedtoreplicate(makeexactcopiesofthemselves)andspread,sometimeswithoutgivinganysignthattheyexist.
2.Computervirusescanbeclassifiedbyhowtheyinfectasystem.Therearefourmaintypesofviruses:
shell,intrusive,operatingsystem,andsourcecode.
3.Shellviruseswrapthemselvesaroundahostprogramanddonotmodifytheoriginalprogramcode.
4.Intrusivevirusesinvadeanexistingprogramandactuallyinsertaportionoftheircodeintothehostprogram.
5.Operatingsystemvirusesworkbyreplacingpartsoftheoperatingsystemwiththeirownlogic.
6.SourcecodevirusesareintrusiveprogramsthatareinsertedintoasourceprogramsuchasthosewritteninPascalpriortotheprogrambeingcompiled.
(1)病毒:
virus
(2)恶性病毒:
maliciousvirus
(3)外壳病毒:
shellvirus
(4)源代码:
sourcecode
(5)设备驱动程序:
devicedriver
(6)传播:
spread
(2)、(5)、(8)
(2)、(5)
4.MultipleChoice:
(1)、A、C(注:
现在的杀毒软件一般都具备病毒防火墙的功能)
(2)、C
5.TrueorFalse:
(2)、F(注:
如1999年4月26日爆发的CIH病毒就会烧毁主板或是硬盘)
Text6MultimediaTechnology
animation:
动画,动画片
video:
视频
audio:
声频
compactdisk:
光盘
mouse:
鼠标器
soundboard:
声卡
mixer:
混声器
throughput:
吞吐率
multimedia:
多媒体
graphics:
opticalstorage:
光存储
imageprocessing:
图像处理
CD-ROMdrive:
光盘驱动器
MPC(multimediapersonalcomputer):
多媒体个人电脑
parallel:
并行
serial:
串行
joystickport:
游戏操纵杆控制端口
VGA(VideoGraphicsArray):
视频图形阵列(显示卡)
resolution:
分辨率
1.Multimedia,whichtypicallyreferstoasynthesisofgraphics,animation,opticalstorage,imageprocessing,andsound,isnotasingletechnology,product,ormarket.
2.MPCstandsfor"
multimediapersonalcomputer"
.
3.TherequirementsforanMPCaredescribedindetailinMicrosoft'
sMultimediaPCSpecificationVersion1.0.
(1)多媒体:
multimedia
(2)图形:
graphics
(3)视频:
video
(4)图像处理:
imageprocessing
(5)动画:
animation
(6)光盘:
compactdisk
(1)、(3)、(4)、(7)、(8)
4.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly:
(2)、OA
(4)、Abyteconsistof8bits.
(5)、In1946,thefirstcomputerintheworldENIACwasdeveloped.
Text7CompactDisk-ReadOnlyMemory(CD-ROM)
digital:
数字的
access:
存取
laser:
激光
reserve:
重新写入
密集盘
opticaldisk:
(=compactdisk)光盘
videoplayer:
影像光盘机
programmedsearch:
程序搜索
memoryfacility:
记忆功能
telephonedirectory:
电话簿
postaladdress:
邮政地址
1.Newprogramsanddataare'
burnt'
ontothediscsurfacebyapowerfullaser.
2.Toreadtheinformation,aweakerlaserispassedoverthesurfaceandthereflecteddistortionf