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二、省略的分类
1.语篇省略
有的省略句可以从上下文找到被省略的成分,这种省略叫做语篇省略。
Shanghaiisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld,ifnotthelargest(city).
上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界上最大的城市之一。
2.情景省略
有的省略句虽然从上下文中找不到被省略的成分,但是可以从语言情景中推断出被省略的成分。
(Iam)Gladtoseeyou.见到你真高兴。
3.简单句、并列句和复合句的省略
(1)简单句中的省略
①不定式的省略
—Willyoujoinus?
—Iwouldloveto(joinyou).
——你要同我们一道去吗?
——我愿意。
②介词的省略
Wehavelivedhere(for)tenyears.
我们在这儿已经住了10年了。
注意:
但是在否定句中,此类for不能省略。
Ihaven’tseenyouforthreemonths.
我已经三个月没有见到你了。
It’snouse(in)crying.哭也没用。
(2)并列句中的省略
一般来说,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。
Myroomisonthefifthfloor,andhers(is)ontheeighth(floor).我的房间在五楼,而她的在八楼。
IcameateightbutHenry(came)atnine.
我八点来,但是亨利九点来。
(3)复合句中的省略
①状语从句中的省略
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且状语从句中含有be动词时,省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
When(thenovelis)published,thenovelwillbecomeoneofthebest-sellersoftheyear.
那本小说出版的时候将会成为当年的畅销书之一。
Although(hewas)hard-working,hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupporthimself.
尽管努力工作,他的收入还是不够自己糊口。
When(thegrapesare)ripe,thegrapeswillbedelicious.
当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃。
②定语从句中的省略
当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,这个关系代词可以省略。
Hereistheman(whom)you’vebeenlookingfor.这位就是你一直在找的人。
He’stheman(whom/who/that)youcansafelydependon.他是你能放心信赖的人。
Therearemanyplays(that/which)I’dliketosee.有很多我想看的话剧。
③宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连接词that,但当有多个that引导的从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略。
Ithink(that)itwillclearupthisafternoonandthattheywillcometosaygoodbyetous.
我认为今天下午天会放晴,他们会来向我们告别的。
Ⅰ.把下列各句中的画线部分补充完整
1.Asscheduled,wetookpartinseveralinstructiveactivities.(2016·
天津)
Asitwasscheduled
2.Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleftinthewronghands.(2015·
湖南)
iftheyareleft
3.Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutsideunlessfullycoveredinthickclothes.(2015·
江苏)
unlessyouarefullycovered
4.ItmighthavesavedmesometroublehadIknowntheschedule.(2015·
ifIhadknown
5.Children,whenaccompaniedbytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2014·
theyareaccompanied
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Thedishes
或whatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.(2016·
四川,短文改错)
2.Someclassmatessuggestwecan或
gotoplacesofinterestnearby.(2016·
全国Ⅱ,短文改错)
3.Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfound
或where hisparentsweremissing.(2015·
全国Ⅱ,短文改错)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhencompared(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.
2.Herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty,butshestillhopedto.
3.Oneday,hecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.
4.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthanexpected(expect).
5.Heopenedhislipsasiftospeak(speak).
6.IhearthatTomisill.Ifisso,I’llgotoseehim.
7.Whilehe或
stayinginFrance,hepickedupsomeFrench.
8.Whynottogototheteacher’sofficeandaskforsomeadvice?
9.Thestudentsdidn’tknowwhathadhappened.Theyjustdidas
.
10.Idon’tliketheway
或
或whichshetreatsherlittlechildren.
Ⅲ.用省略结构翻译句子
11.她想学好英语,但不知道怎么学。
ShewantstolearnEnglishwell,butshedoesn’tknowhow.
12.他建议我们去看电影。
Hesuggestedwegotoseethefilm.
13.他不像过去那样早起床了。
Hedoesn’tgetupearlyasheusedto.
14.她除了等待另一个机会什么也不能做。
Shecoulddonothingbutwaitforanotherchance.
15.尽管被告知了很多次,她仍然犯了同样的错误。
Althoughtoldmanytimes,shestillmadethesamemistake.
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2017·
江西南昌二中高二月考)
Thebestwaytodealwithsportsinjuriesistokeepthemfromhappeninginthefirstplace.Knowingtherulesofthegameyou’replayingandusingtheright16.equipment(equip)cangoalongwaytowardpreventinginjuries.Ifyouthinkyou’vebeeninjured,pull17.yourself(you)outofthegameorstop18.doing(do)youractivityorworkout.Letacoachorparentknowwhathappenedincaseyouneedtoseeadoctor.Seriousheadandneckinjurieshappenmostofteninathletes19.who/thatplaybody-contactsportslikefootball.Keeptheinjuredpersonstillwithhisorherhead20.held(hold)straightwhilesomeonecallsforemergency21.medical(medicine)help.Iftheperson22.lies/islying(lie)ontheground,donottrytomovehimorher.
Yourfirstquestionafterasportinjurywill23.probably(probable)be,“WhencanIplayagain?
”Thisdependsontheinjuryandwhatyourdoctortellsyou.Evenifyoucan’treturntoyoursportrightaway,adoctormighthavesuggestionsandadvice24.about/onwhatyoucandotostayfit.Alwayscheckwithyourdoctor25.beforetryinganyactivityfollowinganinjury.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
河北馆陶一中高二期中)
Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid,“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”
Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseetherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimagination.
OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.
Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”
“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou’reasleep?
”
“Oh,sure.”
“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That’sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?
“Nobody.Idoit.”
“Really—atnight,whenyou’reasleep?
“Sure.”
“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?
语篇解读 作者为了更好地了解自己的学生而使用了一种玩具,通过这种玩具来发现具有创造力的学生。
1.TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto.
A.knowmoreaboutthestudents
B.makethelessonsmoreexciting
C.raisethestudents’interestinart
D.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段首句中的“IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents”可知,作者的目的是更好地了解自己的学生。
2.WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?
A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.
B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.
C.Hewasactiveinclass.
D.Hewasimaginative.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段中的“Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.”可知,这个男孩是有想象力和创造性的。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?
A.Mistake.B.Drawback.
C.Difficulty.D.Burden.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。
根据下文的“Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.”可知,此处句子说的是作者鼓励这样的思维方式也有不足之处。
故选B项。
4.Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?
A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.
B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.
C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.
D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.
根据后文的一系列对话尤其是“That’sprettycreative.”可知,A项为正确答案。
B
Haveyoueverfeltlikeafoolforhavingsaidtoomuch?
AnitaChowhadoneofthosemoments.
Afewweeksago,sheappliedforajobinacompany.Chowsaidsheisusuallyquiet,butduringtheinterviewshetriedhardtoactagainsthernature.Shesmiledalotandtalkedinalivelymanner.Whenaskedwhyshewantedtoworkinthecompany,shesaidthejobwouldenablehertomeetalotofinterestingpeople.Thensheaddedjokingly,“Whoknows?
Imightevenmeetmyfuturehusband.”
Chowwantedtobeatherselfupthemomentshesteppedoutoftheinterviewroom.“Itcameoutsowrong,”shesays.“Nowtheinterviewerswillthinkofmeasoneofthosewomenwhodon’thaveanycareerambitionandjustwanttogetmarriedandsettledown.”
Sayingtoomuchoroversharinghappenstoeveryoneofus.Inthetimeofsocialmedia,sharingeverydetailofyourlifeisalmostexpectedandencouraged.Butitisn’tallsocialmedia’sfault.“Expertssayoversharingoftenhappenswhenwearetryingsubconsciouslytocontrolouranxiety,”accordingtoaWallStreetJournalcolumn.Chow’sstoryisatypicalcaseof“self-adjustment”aimedatfightingherownanxiety.Ithappenslikethis:
Whenhavingaconversation,wewanttosoundamusingandinteresting.Soweusealotofmentalenergytryingtomanagetheotherperson’simpressionofus.Theeffortrequiredtodothisleaveslessbrainpowertothinkoverwhatwesayandtowhom,saysTheWallStreetJournal.
Thisexplainswhywesometimessuddenlysayembarrassingthingstopeoplewewanttoimpressmost,whetherit’safirstdate,thebossorourfuturein-laws.Itleadstoembarrassingsituationsandistheperfectmaterialforcomedymovies.
Sohowdoyoustopyourselffromsayingtoomuch?
Simple:
stopandthinkbeforeyouopenyourmouth.
语篇解读 本文谈论了说话过多的危害,并给出建议:
在说