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whatisthechangeinthewidespreadmoodreferredtoinp5?
WhenBritaincameundertheheavyairattacksbyGermany.manyothernationsthoughtthatBritainwasfinished.Asthecountrystoodtheordealtotheirgreatsurprise,thosenationschangedtheirview.
3.whydoesthespeakerchangedarkerintosterner?
Becausehehasastrongconvictionofvictory.The2termshavedifferentimplications.whenusedinthetexttorefertothedaysofwar,”darkerdays”emphasizesthenegativeaspectoftheeventandshowstheuser’spessimism.’sternerdays’,thoughidenticalinitsreference,suggestsoptimismandprideinhavingthechancetorisethechallenge.
4.Doyouthinkthespeakerhadachievedhispurposebytheendofhisspeech?
Yes,Ido.BypayingavisittoHarrowSchoolandmakingaspeechthere,ChurchillnotonlyencouragedtheaudienceofhisspeechbuttheBritishpeopleingeneraltocontinuetofightratherthansurrendertotheirenemy.
UNIT2
1.Whydoesthewriterdescribehisexperienceatthebank?
Becausehewantstoshowtheimportanceofpersonalspaceinmaintainingpublicorder.Ifone’spersonalspaceisinvaded,hemay,inpreservinghisownspace,breakintoothers,personalspace.Thechainactioncancausechaosinpublicorder.
2.Howistheconceptofpersonalspacedefined?
Theauthordefinespersonalspaceasone’sindividualspherewiththeselfatthecenterandacertaindistanceoneachside.Itispartofone’sprivacy,theinvasionofwhichnecessarilymakesoneuneasy.
3.whatismeantby“thistendency”inp4?
Howdoestheauthorthinkofitscauses?
Itreferstothephenomenonexemplifiedinthepreviousparagraph,thatis,theescalationoftheinvasionofpersonalspace.ThewriterusedtothinkthiswascausedbythepopulationexplosionviaMalthusianlogic.Summerdresssomepeoplearemoreattractive.Inaddition,hesuggests,inseriousnessorjest,thestimulatingeffectofcaffeinecontributestotheescalationoftheinvasionofpersonalspacetoo.
4.whatisthecharacteristicofpersonalspaceasdescribedinp5?
Thewritermainlydescribesoneimportantcharacteristicofpersonalspace:
personalspaceisarelativeconcept;
Peopleindifferentregionshavedifferentconceptsofpersonalspace.Thesizeofpersonalspacevariesaccordingtowhereonelives,whereonehasaspread,hewillhaveamorespaciousconceptofpersonalspacethanthosewhodonothavealargeplaceoftheirown.
5.whyispersonalspaceshrinkingingeneral?
Becausepeoplearemoreself-absorbedthanbefore.Inotherwordstheyarepayinglessattentiontotheoutsideworld,includingpersonalspace,personalspaceineffectencouragesspaceinvasion.
U3
1.whatistheauthor’sviewpointaboutthebenefitoftheinternet?
Whatdoseheseeaboutitsnegativeside?
Astheauthorseesit,theinternetismostlikelytomakeourglobalvillageabetterplacetolivein.itprovidesamiraculousforumfortheglobalizationofideas,whichcontributestotherealizationofhumanpotential.Furthermore,itisapowerfultoolfortheacquisitionandapplicationofknowledge.Thebenefitsoftheinternet,however,maybedarkenedbythenegativeconsequences.Itmaydeprivetheuseofhistimefornecessaryinteractionwithothersocietymemberssothatthewholeworldmaybefurtherfragmented.Inaddition,thereisareasonablelikelihoodthattheinternetpresentstoomuchinformation,whichgivestheuseraskewedsenseofrealitybymakinghimcognitivelyoverloaded.
2.whathappenedtotheauthor’sfriendasregardstheinternet?
Whatnegativeconsequencesdidheseeaboutit?
Hisfriendwasaddictedtotheinternet.Hewouldspendevenover24hoursnon-stopontheinternetsothathehadtoforcehimselftogooffline.Ashespentsomuchtimeincyberspace,hissenseofrealitymighthavebeencrooked.Moreover,withoutanyface-to-faceverbalcommunicationwithotherpeople,hefeltlonelyanddepressed.
3.whatalienatedsocietymembersbeforetheinternetgainedpopularity?
Whatalienatesthemintheinformationage?
Thealienationofsocietymembershadbegunlongbeforetheinternetstartedtobeusedworldwide.AfterWorldWar2,whenthesoldiersreturnedfromthebattlefields,theydevotedthemselvesto“progress”。
Largequantitiesofcarsweremanufactured,whichfedthecreationofsuburbs,andconsequentlypeoplelivedfarapartfromeach.TheInternet,however,hasaddedtotheproblemandInternetaddictsarefarfromrare.Asillustratedbytheexampleoftheauthor’snephew,itseemstobeanirreversibletrendthatmoreandmorepeople,oldandyoung,arebecomingaddictedtotheInternet.Theywillspendmanyhoursnon-stopincyberspaceratherthanwiththeirfamiliesorfriends.Forlaceofcommunication,theyarebecomingstrangerstootherpeople.Therefore,thereisagoodreasontobelievethatsocietyisbeingfurtheralienatedbytheInternet.
4.whatismeantbythe“cruelirony”thatappearsinp4?
MeansthattheInternetprovidestheuserwithaconvenientmeansofcommunicatingandmakingfriendswithpeoplefarapartontheonehand,butontheother,itestrangestheuserfromthepeoplearoundhimbycancelinghisavailabilityforface-to-facecommunicationevenwithhisfamiliesandclosefriendsandforinvolvementincommunityactivities.
5.how,accordingtotheauthor,canthepotentialoftheinternetberealized?
ThepotentialoftheInternetasapowerfultoolforglobalizingideasandforacquiringandapplyingknowledgecanonlyberealizedwhenuserstrikesabalancebetweenrealityandtheInternet.AlthoughtheInternetmakesitpossiblefortheusertodebate,shop,travelandhaveromanceincyberspacewithoutleavinghome,theoveruseofthistoolprobablyresultsinadistortedsenseofreality.Theonlyofthistoolwithoutlosingone’ssenseofplaceintheworld.
U4
1.whyisaviewofmountainsprovidedbyapicturesosignificantthatitwaschosenasthetitleoftheessay?
Aviewofmountainsinthedistanceratherthanthewreckageismeanttoremindtheviewerofthecitythatwasleveledtogroundbytheatomicbombandofthenormallifethatwouldhavebeengoingonthere.Thisiswherethesignificanceofthepicturelies.
2.whyareYamahata’spicturesstillnews?
BecauseitwasthefirsttimethatAmericanshadeverseenthepicturessincetheatomicbombing50yearsago.
3.inwhatwayisthebombingofNagasakithefittersymbolofthenucleardanger?
ThebombingofNagasakiisregardedasthefittersymbolofthenuclearperilin2respects.First,itisevidencethatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagaintodestroyhumancivilization.Second,thefactthatNagasakihadnotbeentheoriginallychosentargetofthenuclearattacksinthefuture.Thatis,everycityintheworldisliabletonucleardestruction.
4.whatistheuniversalmeaningofYamahata’sphotos?
Theywereintendedtodemonstratethedevastatingpowerofnuclearweaponsandexpressanapprehensionofthenuclearperilmenacingtheworld.
5doYamahata’spicturesfullyexpresstheauthor’sintentionofwriting?
Whyorwhynot?
No,itonlyexpressespartofit.Becausethewriterintendsnotonlytoexpresshisapprehensionofthenuclearthreatbutmoreimportantly,tocallonthepeopletotakeactionstobanishforevernuclearweaponryfromtheearth.
U5
1.whatdidthewomanthinkofthemovieGirlfriends?
Shethoughtitwasatrivialmovie,particularlywithregardtoitsdullplot.Atthesametimeshefounditgentleandaffectingonthegroundsthatthemoviedescribedindetailthecharacteristicsofthefriendshipbetween2women.’
2.whydidthewomansaythatthemoviecamerahadshifteditsfocus?
Becauseinthepastmenweretheexclusiveimagesoffriendshipdepictedinmoviesandtheywerepresentedastheonlyinheritorsofaprimitivecapacityforfriendship.Women,ontheotherhand,wereportrayedasincapableoffriendship,takingtheirpleasureinmakingcriticalremarksabouteachother.Nowadays,however,femalefriendshipwasbecomingafashionablethemeofmovies,takingtheplaceofmalefriendship.
3.what,accordingtothewoman,isthesubtledistinctionbetweenmaleandfemalefriendship?
Malefriendshipisestablishedontheneedforcooperationintheactivitiesthatmenareengagedinorintheadversesituationstheyareconfrontedwith.Inotherwords,withouttheneedtodothingstogether,therewouldprobablybenobuddiesatall,incontrast,femalefriendshipbordersonlove,theneedformutualemotionalsupport,womenfriendsdesiretobetogetherasaresultofspiritualattachment,regardlessofwhethertheyareinvolvedinthesameactornot.
4.whatdoesitshowabouthowmenandwomenestablishtheirownformsoffriendshipfollowingdifferentcourses?
Menbecomebuddiesonlywhentheyhaveundergonetogethercompetitive,adverseordangeroussituationslikesportsgamesandwars,butwomenarenotrealfriendsunlesstheyhaveexchanged3loathsomesecrets.Thisfactshowsagainthatmalefriendshipisactivity-orientedwhilefemalefriendshipisemotion-rooted.
5.whywasthewomanshockedatmen’sde