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Shallleavenovestigeofthisflower.
Frommorningsunsandeveningdews
Atfirstthylittlebeingcame:
Ifnothingonce,younothinglose,
Forwhenyoudieyouarethesame;
Thespacebetween,isbutanhour,
Thefraildurationofaflower.
1ststanza:
Thehoneysucklelivesanobscure,unknown,forgotten,serene,andsafelife.
2ndstanza:
Thepure,innocenthoneysuckleisnotcontaminatedbythevulgareyeofpeopleandprotected,embraced,andnurturedbyNature.
3rdstanza:
griefupontheflower’sdeath
4thstanza:
nothinggained,nothinglost
第十四讲
2.APsalmofLife（p102）
byHenryWadsworthLongfellow
.
Tellmenot,in
mournfulnumbers,
Lifeisbutanemptydream!
Forthesoulis
deadthatslumbers,
Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.
Lifeisreal!
Lifeis
earnest!
Andthegraveisnotitsgoal;
Dustthouart,todustreturnest,
Wasnotspokenof
thesoul.
Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,
Isourdestinedend
orway;
Buttoact,thateach
tomorrow
Findusfartherthantoday.
Artislong,andTimeisfleeting,
Andourhearts,
thoughstoutandbrave,
Still,likemuffled
drums,arebeating
Funeralmarchestothegrave.
Intheworld'
sbroadfieldof
battle,
Inthebivouacof
Life,
Benotdumb,driven
cattle!
Beaherointhestrife!
TrustnoFuture,howe'
erpleasant!
LetthedeadPast
buryitsdead!
Act,~actinthe
livingPresent!
Heartwithin,and
Godo'
erhead!
Livesofgreatmenallremind
us
Wecanmakeourlives
sublime,
And,departing,leavebehindus
Footprintsonthesandsoftime;
Footprints,thatperhapsanother,
Sailingo'
erlife'
s
solemnmain,
Aforlornand
shipwreckedbrother,
Seeing,shalltakeheartagain.
Letus,then,beupand
doing,
Withaheartforanyfate;
Stillachieving,stillpursuing,
Learntolaborandto
wait.
1stStanza:
Ifyoursoulisnotkeen，ifitisdead,youwillnotsensethetruefeatureorcharmoftheworld,
2ndStanza:
Lifeisfulloffleshandblood,beauty,charms,andmeanings.Weneedtobeenthusiastictowardslife.Itisnotacoursefrombirthtodeath;
ithasmeaningsandgoalstostrivefor.Itshouldbeenriched.
3rdStanza:
Weshouldenhanceandimproveourselvescontinuously,andshouldnotbestoppedbytemporaryjoyorsorrow.
4thStanza:
Ifthereisnofireburninginoursoulorheart,ifwehavenopassion,wearejustonthewaytodeath,eventhoughwearecourageousorbrave.
5thStanza:
Donotlivepassively,weshouldliveindignity,weshouldhaveanaimorcausetostrivefor.
6thStanza:
Don’trelytoomuchonthefuture,andnotbeobsessedbythepast.Sticktoyouridealfast,holdbeliefinyourheartundertheguidanceofGod.
7thStanza:
Wecanbegreat.
8thStanza:
Whatwehavedoneorleftbehindusmaycheerupandstimulatethoselonelyandfrustratedfighters.Whatwedoisofsignificance.
9thStanza:
Weshouldbegin（takeaction）now,withcourageandconfidence,toworkhardandbepatient.
up:
standup,wakeup.
Heart:
belief,resolution,steadfastness,courage
Foranyfate:
tofaceanydestination
第十六讲（April14,2003）
3.TheTideRises,theTideFalls:
HenryWadsworthLongfellow
Thetiderises,thetidefalls,
Thetwilightdarkens,thecurlewcalls;
Alongthesea-sandsdampandbrown
Thetravelerhastenstowardthetown,
Andthetideroses,thetidefalls.
Darknesssettlesonroofsandwalls,
Butthesea,theseainthedarknesscalls;
Thelittlewaves,withtheirsoft,whitehands,
Effacethefootprintsinthesands,
Andthetiderises,andthetidefalls.
Themorningbreaks;
thesteedsintheirstalls
Stampandneigh,asthehostlercalls;
Thedayreturns,butnevermore
Returnsthetravelertotheshore,
Andthetiderises,thetidefalls.
HeyWejustdidthispoeminmylitclass.Thispoemisaboutlife.ThefirststanzaisactuallytalkingaboutthewalkthroughlifehencethementionoftheTraveller.Theauthorusesthesameline"
Andthetiderisesandthetidefalls"
toshowthatnothinginlifeisforcertainbuttheworldandeverythingkeepsgoingevenafteryourdeath.Thesecondstanzaistalkingaboutthe
processofdeath.Hementionsthefootprintsbecausejustlikethewaterwashestheprintsaway,lifeisn'
tpermanentjustastheprintsweren'
tpermanent.The8thlineofthepoemhaspersonificationinit."
Thelittlewaves,withtheirsoft,whitehands"
ispersonification.Thethirdstanzaistalkingabouttheafterlife.ThehostlerisGodandhecallshischildrenhome.Weknowthatthetravellerdied
becauseinlines13-14Itsaysthatthetravellerneverreturned.Anditsaysthedayreturnsbutthetravellerdoesnot.whichgoesbacktowhatIsaidearlier.Natureiseternalbutlifeisnot.HenryWadsworthLongfellowwascontemplatingdeathwhenhewrotethispoem.Hediedshortlyafterwritingthispoem.IfyouhaveanymorequestionsaboutthispoemorLongfellowyoucanemailmeatannaclassof2004@.IhopemyexplanationhelpedyouunderstandthispoemandIhopeyouhaveawonderfulday.
Anna
TheTideRises,TheTideFalls
潮涨潮落
作者简介
朗费罗（1807-1882），美国诗人，生于美国波特兰，曾任哈佛大学近代语言教授[1836-1854]，主要诗作有抒情诗集《夜吟》（VoicesoftheNight）、长篇叙事诗《伊凡吉林》（Evangeline）、《海华沙之歌》（TheSongofHiawatha）等。
Thetiderises,thetidefalls,
Alongthesea—sandsdampandbrown
Andthetiderises,thetidefalls.
Thedayreturns,butnevermore
Returnsthetravelertotheshore,
潮涨，潮落，
暮色渐浓，麻鹬鸣叫；
沿着潮湿灰褐色沙滩，
行路人匆匆往城里赶，
潮涨，潮落。
黑暗把屋顶墙壁笼罩，
但大海在黑暗中呼啸；
细浪白白的手，悄悄
把海滩上的脚印抹掉，
破晓时分，厩中骏马
闻马夫唤，踏啼嘶鸣；
海岸边，白昼又来到，
但行人从此形去影消，
朗费罗的这首诗，既像写景诗，又不像写景诗。
要说它不是写景诗吧，它的确描写了大海边的景色——黄昏时的大海边，潮涨潮落，鸟鸣马嘶，有行人赶路，有黑暗笼罩的房屋，甚至连轻柔的白色浪花把沙滩上人的脚印抹掉这样的细节都写到了；
要说它是写景诗吧，它却又多了一些别的东西，特别是前面说“行路人匆匆往城里赶”，后面又说他“从此形去影消”，似乎包含着某种哲理和对人生的感悟。
当然，这不是说，写景诗就该是纯粹的写景，“情”与“景”，“理”与“景”常常是互相交融的；
而是说它与一般的写景诗不同，它更多的是“理”的内涵。
此诗的写作时间是1880年，这时作者已73岁，到了人生的暮年。
因此可以说，这首诗是一位垂暮老人在一天中的垂暮时刻——黄昏，面对潮起潮落的壮阔大海，看到有人沿着沙滩匆匆走过，在抒发诸如“人生天地间，忽如远行客”（《古诗十九首》）或“人生寄一世，奄忽若飚尘”（老莱子）之类的感慨。
而景则是寄寓这一“意”的“象”，故不妨称之为哲理意象诗。
以上的讨论，实际上已交待了这首诗的写作特点，即理景交融。
这里还须指出的是，它的景都是“动态”的：
从小的方面说，麻鹬鸣叫，行人赶路，马儿踏蹄嘶叫，细浪抹去脚印等是“动态”的；
从大的方面说，时间的变化（“暮色渐浓”，“白昼又来到”），大海的潮涨潮落，更是“动态”的，尤其是“潮涨，潮落”这两句形成每一小节的burden（末尾的叠句），回环往复，给人以强烈的印象：
一切都在变化着；
加之“小”与“大”形成强烈的对比，更使人觉得天地的广阔，人的渺小；
时光的无穷，人生的短暂。
WhydoesthispoemdisturbSalamancasomuch?
AskhowishermotherChanhassana"
traveler"
?
Whereisshegoing（Idahotoseehercousin）andwhy（tohercousins'
housesoshewilltellherwhoshewas"
underneath"
beforebeingawifeandmother）（143）?
Askwhat"
theshore"
is…Askwhytherepetitionof"
thetiderises,thetidefalls"
ComparethepoemtoChanhassan'
staleexplaininglifeanddeath."
MymotheroncetoldmetheBlackfootstoryofNapi,theOldManwhocreatedmenandwomen.Todecideifthesenewpeopleshouldliveforeverordie,Napiselectedastone.'
Ifthestonefloats,'
hesaid'
Youwillliveforever.Ifitsinks,youwilldie.'
Napidroppedthestoneinthewater.Itsank..Peopledie"
（150）."
Thetiderises,thetidefalls."
"
Itsank.Peopledie."
Salalsoreactsstronglytothislegendaboutlifeanddeath,evenbeforehermotherdies.Whydidn'
tNapiusealeaf?
HowisSalamancaatravelerandwhatisshelookingfor?
Shehasillusionsaboutfindinghermother（p.141hassomeofherself-deceptions）."
Wewerefollowingalonginherfootsteps"
（40）."
Itwasonlythen,whenIsawthestoneandhername….thatIknew,bymyselfandformyself,thatshewasnotcomingback"
（268）.
Howdoesshefinallycometotermswiththefactsoflifeanddeath?
Wedidn'
tneedtobringherbodybackbecausesheisinthetrees,thebarn,thefields"
（276）.Afterthesherifftakeshertohermother'
sgravesiteSalsays,"
Sheisn'
tactuallygoneatall.She'
ssinginginthetrees"
The1ststanza:
Whentheitisgettinglate,atravelerhurriesoffalongthesea-sandstosomewhere.（Wheredoesthetravelerheadfor?
Whatisheabouttodo?
）
The2ndstanza:
Whennightfalls,whendarknesspermeateeverywhere,whendarknessswallowseverything,somethingsomewhereiscalling.Thetraveler’sfootprintsarewipedoutbythesea’srepetitive,rhythmic,solemn,andsteadfastaction.（Whatdoestheseacall?
The3rdstanza:
Anothernewdaybegins,butthetravelerdoesnotreturn.（Why?
Whatisthewhereaboutsofthetraveler?
tide:
timehistory,thetempoorrhythmofhistory,secularevents,aperson’s（oranation’s）upsanddowns
traveler:
particularpersonwhoshowsuponceanddisappearsforever,ashortlife,amortallife,butalsoapersonwithasoulofquest;
therepresentativeofhumanbeings,aspiritofquestandadventure.
time:
twilight—darkness--morning
darkness:
foreshadowof
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