中外习语差异PPT格式课件下载.pptx

中外习语差异PPT格式课件下载.pptx

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doonesbest不遗余力6.Nodiscord,noconcord.不打不成交,2.Whytolearnidioms?

themostactivecomponentinEnglishvocabularybasictoolsreflectsanationsspecificculturalcustomsculturalconnotationDifferentidiomscontaindifferentmeanings,whichmayformobstaclestoourcommunication.,PartTwoThesourceofEnglishidioms,2.1FromHistoricalstoriesandevents2.2Fromthefables2.3FromTheBible2.4Fromthecustom,2.1Fromhistoricalstoriesandevents

（1）burnonesboats（similarto破釜沉舟）Thestoryisthat,theancientRomeJulesCaesararmysailedacrosstheRubiconandthentheyburnedtheboats,totellthesoldiersthattheposterior（后路）hadbeenbroken,andcannotretreat.Nowitmeansthat“youcant,gobackward,makeupyourmindtoslog”.WiththeChinesesimilarmeaning“cutoffallmeansofretreat”.Anothersimilaridiom:

burnyourbridgesbehindyou.,

（2）keepthepowderdry（similarto有备无患）Theseventeenthcenturyauthoritarian（独裁主义者）politicianOliverCromwellgoneouttobattleIreland,beforecrossingtheriverhesaidtothearmy“PutyourtrustinGod；

butbesuretokeepyourpowderdry”.Nowitusedtoreferto“getready”or“bepreparedagainstwant”.,2.2Fromthefables,ManyEnglishidiomsoriginatedfromthefablesandspreadsofar.

（1）killthegoosetogettheeggs（similarto杀鸡取卵）TheidiomisfromtheGreekfable,saidthereisacountryfolk,hewasmoney-madandkilledhisgoosethatlaidgoldeneggstogetlotsofgold,buthegotnothing.Thestorytellusthatseekingimmediateinterestswithoutlong-termplancangetnoting.,

（2）fishintroubledwaters（fromAesopsfables.waterfisherman）（similarto浑水摸鱼，趁火打劫）Thefishermanputanetacrosstheriver,andusedtheropetoentangle（缠住）thestones,thenhittheriverconstantly,thefishfleedinpanicandallwentintohisnet.Amannearbysaw,andaccusedhimofmuddyingtheriver,sothatnobodycandrinkthewater.Thefishermananswered:

”IfIdidntmuddythewater,Iwouldbestarvetodeath”.Italwaysusedtoreferthatgainonesownadvantageindisarray.,2.3FromTheBible,

（1）Separatethesheepfromthegoatsmeansdistinguishthegoodfromthewicked（区别好坏）InThegospelofMatthew（马太福音）thesheepmeansgoodperson,andthegoatmeansthebadperson.IdiomsaboutgoatinEnglishalwayshasderogatorysense（贬义）.Foranexample:

“toplaythegoat”meansblindmischief.Togetsbsgoatmeansmakesomebodyangry.,

（2）Castpearlsbeforeswine（对牛弹琴，白费好意）ThisidiomisfromThegospelofMatthewmeanswastingsomethinggoodonsomeonewhowontbethankfulforitortogivewhatisprecioustothosewhoareunabletounderstanditsvalue.,2.4Fromthecustom,Folkcustomisanimportantsourceofidiom.Hundredsofyearsago,theBritisharistocracy（贵族）likedtoputfeathersontheircaps,toshowtheirimportance.Sotheidiom:

“featherinyourcap”meansthematterofglory.,Thumbsupmeansfavorandthumbsdownmeansopposition.InancientRometheslaveowneremploytheslavesasgladiators（格斗士）forentertainment.Afterthecontest,asktheaudiencetojudgehowtodealwiththedefeatedgladiator.Iftheaudiencethumbsup,releasetheloser,iftheaudiencethumbsdownkilltheloser.Nowthisfiguremeansfavororopposition.,PartThreeFeaturesofIdioms,3.1StructuralStability3.2SemanticUnity3.3FigurativeFeatures3.4NationalCharacteristics,3.1StructuralStability,Theformisoftenfixed.Thewordsinidiomaticexpressionscannot,asarule,bedeleted,addedto,replacedbysynonymouswords,ormeaning.e.g.1.Astitchintimesavesnine（小洞不补，大洞叫苦）.“in”“on”or“nine”“ten”?

2.Theoldmankickedthebucket（这个老人死了）Ifthewordbucketisreplacedbypail,themeaningoftheidiomwillnolongermean“die”.3.Iamgoodfriendswithhim（我和他是好朋友）Thissentenceisirregularorillogicalinitsgrammaticalstructure.“Iamagoodfriendwithhim”?

3.2SemanticUnity,Idiomsaremainlycharacterizedbytheirsemanticunity.Bysemanticunitywemeananidiomfunctionsasaunitofmeaning,andmustbelearnedasawhole.Thatis,themeaningoftheidiomcannotbededucedfromtheliteralmeaningofitsmemberwords.,e.g.Afeatherinsomebodyscapisnotatallconnectedwithfeatherorcap;

itmeansanhonor,success,ofwhichonecanbeproud.Themeaningoftodrawablankhasnothingtodowiththemeaningsoftheseparatewords;

itmeanstofailtodiscoverorfindoutaboutsomethingaftersearchinghardandaskingmanyquestions.,3.3FigurativeFeatures,Idiomsareoftenforcible,terse（精练的,简练的）andvivid.becausetheyareusedfiguratively.Idiomsareanimportantrhetoricaldeviceinlanguage,andtheyincorporatevariousfiguresofspeech,amongthemmostaresimiles（明喻）andmetaphors（隐喻）.,Similes:

astimidasarabbit,asboldasbrass,likearedragtoabull,likewateroffaducksbackMetaphors:

tohelpalamedogoverthestiles（助人度过难关）betweenthedevilandthedeep（进退两难）butterfliesinmystomach（七上八下）,3.4NationalCharacteristic,Idiomsarelargelydrawnfromthepopularspeech,createdbycommonpeopleandhavemuchtodowithpeopleslifecircumstances.Englishidioms：

“God”,“devils”,“church”,“hell”Chineseidioms：

佛（Buddha）,庙（temple）,和尚（monk）,e.g.

（1）aspoorasachurchmouse:

oneissopoorthathasnopenny一贫如洗

（2）toplaythedevilwith:

seriouslyinjure深深伤害（3）toridehellforleather:

asquicklyaspossible尽快地（4）Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves:

天助自助者（5）苦海无边,回头是岸:

Theseaofbitternesshasnobounds,repentandtheshoreisathand.（6）跑得了和尚,跑不了庙:

Themonkmayrunaway,butthetemplecannotrunwithhim.,PartFourDifferences,4.1Livingenvironment4.2Literature4.3Religious4.4Values4.5Customs,4.1LivingenvironmentChina:

agriculturalcountryagriculture-relatedidiomsDontforgetatonesdinnerthepeoplewhoraisethecrops.吃饭勿忘种田人Fromonegrainsownintotheearth,onethousandgrainswillspring.一籽下地，万籽归仓,Britain:

islandcountryrelatedwithwater,rain,fish,etal.Allisfishthatcomestohisnet.来者不拒（贬义）Livewithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.没有目标的生活，如同没有罗盘的航行。

Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.好鱼居水底,4.2LiteratureChina：

fourgreat/famousmasterpiecesThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemaster-thewisdomofthemassesexceedsthatofthewisestindividual.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。

Everythingisreadyexcepttheeastwindthatiscrucial.万事具备，只欠东风,Britain：

theBibleForbiddenfruitissweetest.禁果最甜（旧约创世纪）Thereisatimeforallthings.天下万物皆有定时。

（旧约传道书）Nomancanservetwomasters.一仆不侍二主（圣经新约马太福音）,4.3Religious,China：

BuddhismAllintheBuddhistcommunityarefriends.既在佛会下，都是有缘人。

Bettersaveonelifethanbuildaseven-storiedpagoda.救人一命胜造七级浮屠。

Britain：

ChristianityManproposes,GodDisposes.谋事在人，成事在天Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者HethatservesGodformoneywill,servethedevilforbetterwages.为金钱侍奉上帝的人，为了更多的报酬也会给魔鬼卖力。

4.4ValuesChina：

collectivismWithinthefourseasallmenarebrothers.四海之内皆兄弟。

Decentbehaviorisworthathousandpiecesofgold.仁义值千金。

Thebenevolentlovesothers.仁者爱人。

individualismWhatissauceforthegooseissauceforthegander.同样的对象，就应该同等对待。

EverymanforhimselfandGodforusall.个人为自己，上帝为大家。

Everybodyforhimself,thedeviltakethehindmost.人不为己，天诛地灭,4.5Customs

（1）differentattitudestowardsanimalsDog：

China：

despicable卑贱ungrateful狼心狗肺cornered狗急跳墙，走投无路Britain：

mansbestfriendaluckydog幸运儿Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌,Dragon：

imperialpowerluckystrengthandsuccessBritain：

evilchasethedragon（吸海洛因）dragonsowsteeth（种下祸根）,

（2）aboutcolorRed：

auspicious吉利，喜庆Britain：

violentcatchsomebodyredhanded当场抓获,White:

China:

unluckyBritain:

auspiciousholywhiteheatofloveday热爱markedwithawhitestone幸福的日子,weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheculturaldifferencesbetweendifferentidioms,onlybythiscanwecommunicatebetter.,ThankYou！