高中英语特殊句式全面讲解及练习含答案文档格式.docx
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只把谓语的一部分(助动词,情态动词或be动词)置于主语之前
1.so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,意为“...也是如此”。
Theylovemakinglotsoffriends;
sodoI.
2.neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,意为“...也不这样”。
Lilycan’trideabicycle;
neither/norcanLucy.
3.否定词never,seldom,nor,not,little,hardly,scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语atnotime,
under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首时。
Notasinglemistakedidhemake.
=Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistake.
4.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。
OnlythendidIbegintounderstandhim.
Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.
Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.
5.so...that...和such...that...句式中,so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood
Suchprogressdidhemakethathewonmuchrespect.
3.形式倒装:
在语法上称为前置。
只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。
1.感叹句
Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!
=Howinterestingatalktheyhad!
+比较级.....,the+比较级.....句型
ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.
+n.或however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句
Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.
Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.
4,as/though引导让步状从,表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前,表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。
Youngas/thoughhewas,hewassuccessful.
Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuch.
题组训练
1.Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.
2.Atnotimetheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.
3.OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtimeshenoticethespellingmistake.
4.---It’ssogood.NeverbeforeIhadsuchanicemeal!
---Iamgladyoulikeit.
答案:
1.will2.did3.did4.have
强调句
1.强调句型的陈述句形式:
Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。
被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“事物”时用that.
ItisIwho/thatamright(强调主语)
Itwashimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.(强调宾语)
ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.(强调状语)
2.强调句型的一般疑问句形式:
Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分
Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?
IsitProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish?
3.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat+其他成分。
Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?
Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?
Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?
4.有时可用Itmightbe......that/who....,Itmusthavebeen......that/who....句型表示强调。
Itmightbehisfatherthat/whoyou’rethinkingof.
Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthat/whoyousaw.
5.not.....until....结构的强调句型。
其强调句式为:
Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+主句的肯定式
Hedidn’tgotobeduntilteno’clock.
Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.
Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
二对谓语动词的强调
Itis/was......who/that.....结构不能强调谓语动词。
强调谓语动词,用助动词do,does或did加原形。
Docomethisevening.
Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.
Tomdoesstudyhardnow.
三特殊疑问句中以“thedevil”“onearth”“intheworld”表“究竟;
到底”之意来起强调的作用。
Whatonearthareyoudoing.?
1.WasbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMr.Smithgotangry?
2.ItonlyafterhehadreadthepapersMr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.
3.ItwasnotuntilIcamehereIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.
4.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillagethehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.
其他特殊句式
一省略与代替
(1)定语从句中的省略现象
限制性定语从句中宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。
如Sheisthegirl(whom/who/that)Iwouldliketoworkwith.
(2)状语从句中的省略现象
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,这时从句中可以出现下列结构:
(1)连词(though,if,when等)+形容词
Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.
(2)连词(asif,while等)+介词短语
Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.
(3)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词
While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.
(4)连词(when,if,unless,once,than等)+过去分词
Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.
(5)连词(asif,asthough等)+不定式
Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tosaysomething.
当主从句的宾语一致时,有时也可以这样省略。
Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.
2.当从句中的主语是it,谓语部分又含有be动词时,也可把it和be动词一起省略,构成“连词(if,unless,when,whenever等)+形容词”的结构。
Makeacarefulplanif(itis)possible.
Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.
(3)不定式的省略,单独使用不定式符号to
1.代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,reuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。
Iaskedhimtoseeafilm,buthedidn’twantto.
2.在have,need,ought,begoing,used等后面
Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.
3.在某些形容词,如glad,happy,pleased,delighted后面。
---Willyoujoininthegame?
---I’dbegladto.
4.否定形式的省略用notto.
---ShallIgoinsteadofhim?
---Ipreferyounotto.
(4)用so或not代替前面提到的句子。
1.在if条件句中,常用so/that代替前面提到的句子。
Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(=Ifyoudon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.
Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(=Ifheisnotathome),leavehimanote.
hope,suppose,believe,imagine,beafraid,expect,guess等词后常用not代替否定句,so代替短语或从句。
---Shemustlooklikeaprettygirl.
---Yes,Iimagineso.
---IsProfessorSmithverysick?
---I’mafraidso.
---Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.
---Oh!
Ihopenot.
Hewantedtogowithus,buthedidn’tsayso.
题组训练:
将下列句子中的省略成分补全
1.Hewasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan,whateverthecost.
2.Whensplit,anatomcanreleaseenergy.
3.Theywerescoldedwheneverlateforschool.
4.Ifnotwellorganized,themeetingwillbeafailure.
二祈使句
1.否定式和强调式
Don’tbesosure.(否定式)
Dobecareful.(强调式)
2.祈使句+and+陈述句=If......,+主句
祈使句+or+陈述句=If...not....,+主句
Workinghardandyouwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.
Hurryuporwewillbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,wewillbelate.
题组训练:
句型转换
1.Workhardandyouwillbeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.
youworkhard,youadmittedtoakeyuniversity.
2.Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillbelateforthebus.
youwillbelateforthebus.
三感叹句
1.What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
2.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语
Whatacleverboyheis!
=Howcleveraboyheis!
Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!
Howhighthemountainis!
Howfastheruns!
用what,how填空
1.aninterestingbookitis!
2.interestingabookitis!
3.interestingbookstheyare!
4.deliciousfoodIhad!
5.kindofyoutohelp!
6.IwishIwereabird!
四therebe句型
1.therebe句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。
be后面是主语,句子结尾是地点(时间)状语.
Thereisatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.
Therewillbeameetingintheconferenceroomat8o’clocktomorrowmorning.
2.如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词be与主语采用就近原则。
Thereisapen,twobooks,andmanypencilsonthedesk.
3.therebe结构有不同的时态形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
Therewasameetinginourschoolyesterday.
TherewillbeanewfilmshowonSunday.
Therehavebeenmanygreatchangesinourcountrysincethen.
Therecan’tbeanymistakesinhispassage.
4,therebe结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seemtobe,happentobe,belikelytobe,remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur等替换。
Thereislikelytobesomethingwrongwithhiscomputer.
Onceuponatimetherelivedamonkinthetemple.
五反意疑问句
(1)陈述部分含有must/may(might)的反意疑问句
当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问句部分用needn’t;
当含有mustn’t(不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问句部分用must/may.
Youmustgonow,needn’tyou?
Youmustn’tsmokehere,must/mayyou?
当must/may(might)表示推测,即must作“一定,准是”讲,may/might作“可能”讲时,可首先将句子改为“Iamsure/guess+that从句”,反意疑问句部分的动词形式根据besure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。
musthavedone有过去时间状语当过去时反问,否则当现在完成时反问。
Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,?
→
Iamsure/guessthatyouarehungrynow,aren’tyou?
Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,aren’tyou?
Youmusthaveheardaboutit,?
Iamsure/guessthatyouhaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?
Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?
(2)陈述部分含有usedto的反意疑问句
其反意疑问句部分用usedn’t或didn’t均可
Youusedtosleepwiththewindowopen,usedn’t/didn’tyou?
(三)陈述部分含有oughtto的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t均可
Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’the?
(四)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?
(5)如果陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定形式。
Tomdislikeplayingtennis,doesn’the?
It’sunfair,isn’tit?
(6)陈述部分带有宾语从句的反意疑问句
1.宾语从句的反意疑问句,一般变主句
Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn’the?
Tomdoesn’tbelieveJanewillsucceed,doeshe?
2.但由I/wethink,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,引导宾从时,反意疑问句需变从句。
注意否定前移。
Idon’tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?
(7)陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的反意疑问句部分不表示反意,而表示一种语气
1.否定祈使句,+willyou?
2.肯定祈使句,+will/won’tyou?
3.Let’s...,+shallwe?
4.Letus...,+willyou?
5.Let+第三人称...+willyou?
Openthedoor,will/won’tyou?
Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?
Letusgohomenow,willyou?
(8)therebe句型的反意疑问句
其反意疑问句部分用be/情态动词/助动词+there
Therewillberaintomorrow,won’tthere?
Thereshouldbenoproblem,shouldthere?
(九)回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则
1.不管陈述部分为否定,还是反意疑问句部分为否定,回答时只看所提到的事