翻译1和2课本单元学习要点.docx

翻译1和2课本单元学习要点.docx

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翻译1和2课本单元学习要点

Unit-basedkeypointsofTranslation

（1）

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

1:

StartwithParadoxes

Activity1

（1）Difficultiesintranslating:

comprehensionandexpression

（2）Nidaandhisperspectivestowardtranslating--meaningismoreimportantthanform

literalness;faithfulness;thesourcetext;paraphrase

Activity2/Task1

（1）DifferencesinlexiconsbetweenEnglishandChinese;

（2）Somewordsshareexactlythesamemeaning.（propernames,technicalterms,thenamesofsomeeverydayobjects）

designativemeaning;associativemeaning;thetargetlanguage;connotation;

Activity2/Task2

Mostwordsdonotsharethesamemeaning

Activity2/Task3,4,5

Wordsusuallyhavemorethanonemeaning,especiallywhenusedintheircombinationwithotherwords.

Activity3

WhatkindsofEnglish/Chinesephrasestendtobemovedintranslatingrespectively?

Changingthepositionsofsomephrases

Activity4

Changingwordsorphrasesintosentences

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

Unit2:

Goontoanewconcept

Activity1/Task1

（1）thenatureoftranslating

（2）thepurposeoftranslating（3）differentperspectivesinvaluingtranslating（4）Meaningandstyle

thesourcelanguage;thereceptorlanguage（thetargetlanguage）;contentratherthanword-for-wordtranslation

Activity2

（1）differencesinclauseorder:

theattributive;theadverbial

（2）thepositionsoftheattributive

（3）thepositionsoftheadverbial--place/timeadverbial

Activity3

thepartofspeech

Changingthepartofspeech（E>C）

nounsasverbs

prepositionsasverbs

verbsasnouns

Activity4

Mainclause

Mainclausefirst（E>C）

Activity5

translatingadiplomaticspeech

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

Unit3:

Dosomegrammaticalanalysis

Activity1/Task1

three-stageprocedureintranslating

thesurfacestructure;transfer;restructuring

Activity1/Task2

grammardoeshavemeanings

grammaticalmeaning;referentialmeaning

Activity1/Task2-Task3

asamegrammaticalconstructiondoesnotnecessarilyindicatethesamemeaning

connotativemeaning

Activity1/Task4

thesamemeaningcanbeexpressedinmanydifferentways,withsomeslightdifferencesduetotheshiftoffocusinasentence

Activity2

differencesintheformsofnounsbetweenEnglishandChinese

pluralformandsingularform

countablenounsanduncountablenouns

highlightthepluralformwhentranslatingfromEnglishtoChinese

Activity3

changingthepartofspeech

nounsasadjectives

adjectivesasadverbs

nounsasadverbs

Activity4

changingthepositionsofthemajorcomponents

Activity5

translatingascientificwriting

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

Unite4:

Lookintoreferentialmeanings

Activity1

themeaningofawordismadeclearerbysyntacticmarkingandsemotacticmarking

syntacticmarking;semotacticmarking

Activity2

differencesinusingpronounsbetweenEnglishandChinese

whentranslatingEnglishtoChinese,leavingoutunnecessarypronouns

whentranslatingChinesetoEnglish,addingpronouns

Activity3

WhentranslatingEnglishtoChinese,addwordstomakethetargetlanguageloyalandsmooth

addingverbs

addingadjectives/adverbs

addingnouns

addinginterjections

Activity4

changingphrasesintosentenceswhentranslatingfromEnglishtoChinese

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

Unit5:

Focusonconnotativemeaning

Activity1

connotativemeaninganditsrelationshipwithgrammaticalmeaningandreferentialmeaning

Connotativemeaning

Wheredoestheconnotativemeaningfrom?

Measuringtheconnotativemeaningbyvaluesandlevelsoflanguage

Activity2

DifferencesinverbstensebetweenEnglishandChinese

PayingattentiontoverbtenseswhentranslatingEnglishtoChinese

theEnglishtenses

Activity3

Repeatingkeywordsintranslation

repeatingthenouns

repeatingtheverbs

repeatingthepronouns

Activity4

LongEnglishsentences

breakinglongEnglishsentencesintoseveralshortsentences

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

Unit6:

Transferfromthesourcelanguage

Activity1

thesecondstageoftranslation:

transfer

form;content;

therelationshipbetweentheformofamessageanditscontentandimplicationsfortranslation

semanticadjustments;structuraladjustments

Activity2

differencesinpassiveconstructionbetweenEnglishandChinese

considerusingactivevoicewhentranslatingEnglishpassivevoice;considerusingpassivevoicewhentranslatingChineseactivevoice;considerusing"把,使,将,由"structuretotranslateEnglishpassivevoice

fourcircumstanceswherepassivevoiceisusedinEnglish

marksofChinesepassivevoices

Activity3

WhentranslatingEnglishtoChinese,someunnecessarywordscanbeleftoutdependingonthecontexts

leavingoutunnecessaryconjunctions

leavingoutunnecessaryarticles

leavingoutunnecessaryprepositions

Activity4

usingfourcharacterChinesephrasesinyourtranslation

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

Unit7:

Restructureinthereceptorlanguage

Activity1

thethirdstageoftranslation:

restructuring

theproducerlanguage;theconsumerlanguage

Activity1/Task1

varietiesofstyles

Activity1/Task2

majordifferencesbetweenthewrittenstyleandtheoralstyleandreasonsbehindthosedifferences

sociologicalfactors;situationalfactors

sociologicalfactorsaffectinglinguisticvariation

differentlevelsoflanguageandtheircharacteristicsintermsofsituationalfactorsrespectively

Activity1/Task3

differenttypesofdiscourseandtheircomponents

universalsofdiscourse

Activity2

translatinglongsentenceswithsubjectclausesandobjectclauses

subjectclauses;objectclauses

subjectclausesandobjectclausesintroducedbyimpersonal"it"

changingthepositionsofsubjectorobjectclauses

Activity3

differencesinusingpositiveandnegativewaysofexpressinganidea

donotsticktotheoriginalformofpositiveornegativeexpressionsinthesourcelanguagewhentranslating

Activity4

dealingwithidiomsinthesourcetexts

translatingliterally

usingreadyidiomsinthereceptorlanguage

bringingouttheimpliedmeaningofanidiom

UnitNo.

ActivityNo./TaskNo.

Importantpoints

ImportantWords/ConceptsRequiringDefinition/TranslatingSkills

Unit8:

Testthefinalwork

Activity1

howtotestthetranslation

dynamicequivalence

Activity1/Task1

typesofexpansionsandreductionsintranslation

Activity1/Task2

proceduresoftesting

threewaysoftestingyourtranslation

Activity1/Task3

criteriaforagoodtranslation

Activity2

Englishattributiveclauses

attributiveclauses

restrictive/non-restrictiveattributiveclauses

twotypesofattributiveclausesinEnglish

using"的"structureintranslation

changingtheclauseintoanothersentence

Activity3

positionsofadverbialclausesareflexibleinEnglishandChinese

differenttypesofadverbialclauses

usingappropriateconjunctionsintranslationandbeawareofdifferencesintheirpositionsinthereceptorlanguage,adverbialclauseforpurpose,adverbialclauseforconcession,conditionalclause

Activity4

translatingawholepieceofwork

cohesion

Unit-basedkeypointsofTranslation

（2）

UnitNo.

ActivityNo.

Importantpoints

Details

Unit1:

Getthetenseright

Activity1

ThepresentsimpleVsthepresentcontinuous

●Thepresentsimple

ØAgeneralfact

ØApermanentcapability

ØAnofficialarrangementtobeimplemented

●Thepresentcontinuous

ØAnactiontakingplacenow

ØAnactionhappeningregularlyrecently

ØAfacttrueforacertainperiodoftime

ØThespeakernothappywiththesituation

ØUsedtotalkaboutsomethinginthenearfuture,normallysomeintentionsorarrangements

ThepresentperfectVsthepresentperfectcontinuous

●Thepresentperfect

ØApasteventaffectingthepresentsituation

ØApastsituationstandingincontrastwiththepresent

●Thepresentperfectcontinuous

ØAnactivitystartedinthepastandkeepingoccurringuptillnow

ThepastperfectVsthepastperfectcontinuous

●Thepastperfect

ØAnactioncompletedbeforeanotherpastone

●Thepastperfectcontinuous

ØAnactionhappenedbeforeandlasteduptillaparticulartimeofthepast

“Will”Vs“beinggoingto”

●“Will”

ØPreferredinwrittenorformalEnglish

ØIndicatingapredictionbasedonone’sopinionorjudgment

ØUsedinthe“if”clauseswhen“if”means“when”

ØAneventtotakeplaceataparticulartimeoroveracertainperiodoftimeinthefuture

●“Beinggoingto”

ØUsedtotalkaboutsomethinginthenearfuture,normallysomeintentionsorarrangements

UnitNo.

ActivityNo.

Importantpoints

Details

Unit2:

Learntousetherightmodalverbs

Activity1

Shouldandoughtto

●Toindicateanobligation

●Togiveadvice

●Toexpressaprediction

●Tomakeacriticism

●Toshowaregret

WillandWould

●Todescribeahabit,butuse“usedto”ifthesituationhaschangedorinspokenEnglish

●Tomakeaprediction

●Toindicatethecertaintythatanactionhappenedinthepastorwillhappeninthefuture,bu