全国大学英语四级模拟题18及答案.docx

全国大学英语四级模拟题18及答案.docx

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全国大学英语四级模拟题18及答案

PartⅡReadingComprehension（35minutes）

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Increasingly,overthepasttenyears,people—especiallyyoungpeople—have

becomeawareoftheneedtochangetheireatinghabits,becausemuchofthefoodtheyeat,particularlyprocessedfoods,isnotgoodforhealth.Consequently,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinnaturalfoods:

foodswhichdonotcontainchemicaladditivesandwhichhavenotbeenaffectedbychemicalfertilizerswidelyusedinfarmingtoday.

Naturalfoods,forexample,arevegetables,fruitandgrainwhichhavebeen

growninsoilthatisrichinorganicmatter.Insimpleterms,thismeansthatthesoilhasbeennourishedbyunusedvegetablematter,whichprovidesitwithessentialvitaminsandminerals.Thisinitselfisanaturalprocesscomparedwiththeuseofchemicalsandfertilizers,themainpurposeofwhichistoincreasetheamountbutnotthequalityoffoodsgrownincommercialfarmingareas.

Naturalfoodsalsoincludeanimalswhichhavebeenallowedtofeedandmove

freelyinhealthypastures.Comparethiswithwhathappensinthemassproduction

ofpoultry:

therearebatteryfarms,forexample,wherethousandsofchickenslivecrowdedtogetherinonebuildingandarefedonfoodwhichislittlebetterthan

rubbish.Chickenskeptinthiswayarenotonlytastelessasfood;butalsoproduceeggswhichlackimportantvitamins.

Thereareotheraspectsofhealthyeatingwhicharenowreceivingincreasing

attentionfromexpertsondiet.Take,forexample,thequestionofsugar.Thisis

actuallyanonessentialfood!

Althoughanaturalalternative,suchashoney,can

beusedtosweetenfoodifthisnecessary,wecaninfactdowithoutit.Itis

notthatsugarisharmfulinitself.Butitdoesseemtobeadditive:

thequantity

weusehasgrownsteadilyoverthelastcenturiesandinBritaintodayeachpersonconsumesanaverageof200poundsayear!

Yetallitdoesisprovideuswithenergy,intheformofcalories.Therearenovitaminsinit,nomineralsandnofiber.



Itissignificantthatnowadaysfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantpart

ofahealthydiet.Inwhitebread,forexample,thefiberhasbeenremoved.But

itispresentinunrefinedflourandofcourseinvegetables.Itisinteresting

tonotethatincountrieswherethenationaldietcontainslargequantitiesofunrefinedflourandvegetables,certaindiseasesarecomparativelyrare.Hencetheemphasisisplacedontheeatingofwholemealbreadandmorevegetablesbymodernexpertson“healthyeating”.

21.Whichstatementbestexpressesthemainideaofthisarticle?

A）Peopleshouldeatanyfoodtokeepthemselveshealthyandstrong.

B）Peopleshouldeatnaturalfoodstokeepthemselveshealthyandstrong.

C）Peopleshouldeatfiberfoodstokeepthemselveshealthyandstrong.

D）Peopleshouldeatvegetablestokeepthemselveshealthyandstrong.

22.“Particularlyprocessedfoods”means____.

A）foodswhichareparticularlyprocessedbyaddingchemicaladditives

B）foodswhichareparticularlymadebycommercialfarms

C）foodswhicharespeciallyproducedbycommercialfactories

D）foodswhicharenotspeciallymadebyaddinganything

23.Naturalfoodsmeans____.

A）foodsgoodforhealth

B）foodsnotgoodforhealth

C）foodssuchasvegetables,fruitandgrainfromrichorganicmatterssoil

D）cropsfromrichorganicmatterssoilandmeatsofanimalsfromhealthy

pastures

24.Therearenovitamins,nomineralsandnofibersin____.

A）naturalfoodsC）sugar

B）animalmeatsD）fruit

25.“Yetallitdoesisprovideuswithenergy,intheformofcalories.”Itmeans____.

A）processedfoodprovidesuswithenergy

B）naturalfoodfurnishesuswithvitaminsandminerals

C）sugargivesusenoughenergyintheformofcalories

D）fiberhelpsustodigestfood

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:



Withatremendousroarfromitsrocketengine,thesatelliteissentupinto

thesky.Minuteslater,atanaltitudeof300miles,thistinyelectronicmoonbeginstoorbitabouttheearth.Itsradiobeginstotransmitanastonishingamount

ofinformationaboutthesatellite'sorbitalpath,theamountofradiationit

detects,andthepresenceofmeteorites.Informationofallkindsracesbackto

theearth.Nohumanbeingcouldpossiblycopydownallthesefacts,muchlessrememberandorganizethem.Butanelectroniccomputercan.



Themarvelofthemachineage,theelectroniccomputerhasbeeninuseonly

since1946.Itcandosimplecomputations—add,subtract,multiplyanddivide—with

lightingspeedandperfectaccuracy.Somecomputerscanwork500,000timesfaster

thananypersoncan.



Onceitisgivena“program”—thatis,acarefullyworkedoutsetofin

structionsdevisedbyatechniciantrainedincomputerlanguage—acomputerca

gatherawiderangeofinformationformanypurposes.Forthescientistitcan

getinformationfromouterspaceorfromthedepthoftheocean.Inbusinessandindustrythecomputerpreparesfactoryinventories,keepstrackofsalestrendsandproductionneeds,mailsdividendchecks,andmakesoutcompanypayrolls.Itcankeepbankaccountsuptodateandmakeoutelectricbills.Ifyouareplanningatripbyplane,thecomputerwillfindoutwhattotakeandwhatspaceisavailable.



Notonlycanthecomputergatherfacts,itcanalsostorethemasfastastheyaregatheredandcanpourthemoutwhenevertheyareneeded.Thecomputerisreallyahighpowered“memory”machinethat“hasalltheanswers”—oralmostall.Bes

idesgatheringandstoringinformation,thecomputercanalsosolvecomplicatedproblemsthatoncetookmonthsforpeopletodo.



Attimescomputersseemalmosthuman.Theycan“read”handprintedletters,

playchess,composemusic,writeplaysandevendesignothercomputers.Isitany

wonderthattheyaresometimescalled“thinking”machines?

Eventhoughtheyaretakingoversomeofthetasksthatwereonceaccomplishedbyourownbrains,computersarenotreplacingusatleastnotyet.Ourbrain

hasmorethan10millioncells.Acomputerhasonlyafewhundredthousandparts.

Forsometimetocome,then,wecansafelysaythatourbrainsareatleast10,

000timesmorecomplexthanacomputer.Howweusethemisforus,notthecomputer,todecide.

26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorthinksanelectroniccomputercan____.

A）copydownallthefacts

B）rememberallthefacts

C）organizethefactsandeverything

D）copydown,rememberandorganizeallthefacts

27.“Program”means____.

A）aplanofwhatistobedone

B）acompleteshowonaTVstationatafixedtimetable

C）ascheduledperformance

D）seriesofcodedinstructionstocontroltheoperationsofacomputer

28.Thecomputerisahighpowered“memory”machine,which____.

A）hasallthereadyanswers—oralmostalltoanyquestions

B）canremembereverything

C）canstoreeverythingandworkforyou

D）hasalltheanswers—oralmosttoalltheinformationthathasbeen

stored

29.“Thinking”machinessuggestthat____.

A）theycan“read”handprintedlettersetc

B）theyreallycanthinkanddomanyotherjobs

C）theyevendesignothercomputers

D）theycan'tthink,butcandosomethingunderhumancontrol

30.Cancomputersdowhatevertheywanttodo?

Why?

A）Yes,becausesomecomputerscanwork500,000timesfasterthananypersoncan.

B）No,becausetheynormallyhaveafewhundredthousandparts.

C）No,becausehumanbrainsareatleast10000timesmorecomplexthananycomputers.

D）No,becausehowacomputerworksisdecidedbyhuman.



Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

NooneexpressedthisattitudemorestronglythanNoahWebster（17581843）.

BornnearNartford,Connecticut,hereceivedhiseducationatYaleCollegeandlaterbegantopractiselaw.Butbusinessinthisprofessionwasslow,andhewasforcedtoturntoteaching.Asateacher,hesoondiscoveredthattheEnglishschool

bookstheninusewereunsatisfactory,andtheAmericanRevolutionreducedthesupplyofsuchbooksastherewere.Websterthereforebegantoworkonthreesimple

booksonEnglish,aspellingbook,agrammar,andareader,andthesewerethefirstbooksoftheirkindtobepublishedinthiscountry.Thesuccessofthefirst

partwassurprisinglygreat.ItwassoonissuedagainunderthetitleTHEAMERICANSPELLINGBOOK,andinthisformabout80millioncopiesweresoldduringthe

nexthundredyears.Fromaprofitoflessthanonecentacopy,Webstergotmostofhisincomefortherestofhislife.Notonlydidthelittlebookhavegreatinfluenceonmanygenerationsofschoolchildren,butitalsohadtheeffectorturningitsauthor'sattentiontoquestionsoflanguage.In1806heproducedasmalldictionary,andthiswasfollowedbyhisgreatestwork,ANAMERICANDICTIONARYOF

THEENGLISHLANGUAGE,publishedintwovolumesin1828.Inbothoftheseworksandinmanysmallerwritingshehadonepurpose:

toshowthattheEnglsihlanguage

inhiscountrywasatrulyAmericanthing,developinginitsownspecialwayanddeservingtobeconsideredfromanindependent,Americanpointofview.Ashe

himselfwrote,“Itisnotonlyimportant,butinadegreenecessary,thatthepeopleofthiscountryshouldhaveanAMERICAND