Test 3.docx

Test 3.docx

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Test3

CET4ModelTest3

PartIWriting（30minutes）

　　Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:

StylesofLiving.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

　　1.有些人愿意和父母居住在一起

　　2.有些人想自己独立居住

　　3.我的看法

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

SevenWaystoSavetheWorld

　　Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:

gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRamertocutcostsathisfamily—ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout￡100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis￡90,000fuelandpowerbillby￡60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”

　　Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.

　　Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.

　　Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact.

　　Insulate

　　Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout（orviceversa）.Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:

ifyouaddenoughyoucanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces（onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning）havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.

　　ChangeBulbs

　　Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.

　　Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLS,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.

ComfortZone

　　Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.

　　MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmostImillionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.

RemakeFactories

　　Fromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitesitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany￡200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing（优化）energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJurgenHambrecht.

　　GreenDriving

　　Aquarteroftheworld’senergy---includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:

youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated（充气）.Gasoline-electrichybrid（混合型的）modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.

　　ABetterFridge

　　Morethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption（andtheirutilitybills）by43percent.

　　FlexiblePayment

　　Whosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?

“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting（翻新改造）inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.

　　Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?

Ithasdowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsaving.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.

　　Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.

　　Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.

Willitbeenough?

Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.

　　1.Whatissaidtobebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?

　　A）Raisingefficiency.

　　B）Cuttingunnecessarycosts..

　　C）Findingalternativeresources.

　　D）Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.

　　2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?

　　A）Diversifyenergysupply.

　　B）Cutenergyconsumption.

　　C）Reducecarbonemissions.

　　D）RaiseproductionRaiseproductionefficiency.

　　3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto_____________.

　　A）improveyourworkenvironment

　　B）cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf

　　C）getridofair-conditioners

　　D）enjoymuchbetterhealth

　　4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?

　　A）Asmallportion.

　　B）Some40percent.

　　C）Almosthalf.

　　D）75to80percent.

　　5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby__________.

　　A）upgradingtheequipment

　　B）encouraginginvestments

　　C）implementinghigh-tech

　　D）providingsubsidies

　　6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves￡200millionayearby___________.

　　A）recyclingheatandenergy

　　B）settingupfactoriesinChina

　　C）usingthenewesttechnology

　　D）reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants

　　7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif___________.

　　A）weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes

　　B）Wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances

　　C）Wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

　　D）Wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

　　8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients____________.

　　9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith_____.

　　10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom__________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

11.A）Hecan’tgototheplay.

B）He’salreadyseentheplay.

C）He'llgototheplaywiththewoman.

D）Hedoesn'twantpeopletoknowwherehe’sgoi