职称英语真题之理工类B级全含答案.docx

职称英语真题之理工类B级全含答案.docx

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职称英语真题之理工类B级全含答案

2009年职称英语真题之理工类B级（全）含答案

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1　Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible?

A　visit        B phone 

C　consult      D invite

2　Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents.

  A　speech       B question

  C　talk         D debate

3　Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.

A　stated       B announced

C　demanded     D suggested

4　Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

A　livedon     B dependedon

C　believedin  D joinedin

5　ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord.

  A　beats        B maintains

  C　matches      D tries

6　Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.

  A　happy        B healthy

  C　naughty      D busy

7　Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor.

  A　laid         B displayed

  C　kept         D stored

8　Shestoodthere,shakingwithfury.

  A　misery       B laughter

  C　anger        D cry

9　Maryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongus

  A　intelligent  B beautiful

  C　talkative    D hardworking

10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless.

A Forceful     B　Reasonable

C Continuous   D　Firm

11Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

  A　everlasting  B long

  C　temporary    D boring

12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

  A　shaken       B damaged

  C　fallen       D jumped

13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

  A　faithful     B royal

  C　genuine      D sincere

14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

A　attraction   B simplicity

C　power        D rigor

15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle

  A　mist         B fog

  C　mystery      D secret

　第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　RadiocarbonDating

　　Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳）,orcarbon-14,dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

　　Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（质子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）.Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

　　InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.hedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

　　Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14,orN-14,

　　interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.

　　AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14

　　atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）.Onceanorganism（有机体）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases,andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.

　　16　Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

　　ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

　　17　Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

　　ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

　　18　Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

　　ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

　　19　Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

　　ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

　　20　Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50,000years.

　　ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

　　21　TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

　　ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

　　22　Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.

　　ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题;

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

　　Chimpanzees

　　1　　Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）.Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

　　2　　In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

　　3　　Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

　　4　　Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

　　5　　Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

　　23　Paragraph1

　　24　Paragraph2

　　25　Paragraph3

　　26　Paragraph4

　　A　ReasonsforHIVresistance

　　B　Implicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

　　C　EffectiveAIDStreatment

　　D　Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

　　E　Chimps'resistancetoHIV

　　F　Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

　　27　Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect

　　28　Thereisadifferenceof　lessthan2%betweenthechimpand

　　29　Scientistssuspectthatgenes.PlaYasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting

　　30　Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto

　　A　somehumandiseasetreatments

　　B　somediseases

　　C　humansurvival

　　D　humangenomes

　　E　keyareas

　　F　healthierlifestyle

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇

　　Water

　　Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures,sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃.Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.

　　Theearth'ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately,butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans-about97percent.Therest

　　isfresh,butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains,andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole,thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.

　　Watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewater

　　circulation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopass.Waterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans,fromlakesandriversandfrommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow,fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis,asmightbeexpected,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland,butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceans,andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers.

　　31　Liquidwateronlyexists

　　A　inthecenteroftheearth.

　　B　onthesurfaceofourplanet.

　　C　inaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures.

　　D　inthecoastalareasoftheearth.

　　32　ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth

　　A　remainsalmostunchanged.

　　B　hasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears.

　　C　isdecreasingconstantly.

　　D　isaffectedbyglobalwarming.

　　33　MostofthefreshwateronEarth

　　A　isstoredunderground.

　　B　isintheformoficeatthePol