中考英语专项复习阅读理解 科普环保类专.docx

中考英语专项复习阅读理解 科普环保类专.docx

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中考英语专项复习阅读理解科普环保类专

2020中考复习科普环保类专项练习

一、阅读理解

WhenyouwatchTVprogramsaboutwildanimals,itissurprisingtoseehowanantelope（羚羊）canrunawayfromastronglion.Inthewilderness,everyonehashisownwaytoprotecthimself.Evenplantshavetheirownwaystofightoffenemies.

Overmillionsofyears,plantshavedevelopedtheirowndefensesystem（防卫系统）.Chemicalsarefantasticallyusedbyplantstosurvive（幸存）.Bymakingtheirleaves,flowers,rootsandfruitspoisonous（有毒的）toenemies,plantscanfightback.

OnesuchplantistheGoldenWattletree.TheBritishscientistDavidCameronhasfoundwhenananimaleatsthetree’sleaves,theamount（数量）ofpoisonincreasesintheotherleaves.“It’sliketheinjuredleavestelephoningtheotherstofighttogetheragainsttheenemy,”hesaid.

Thetreealsosendsdefensemessagestoneighboringplantsbygivingoutaspecialsmell.GoldenWattletreesinthenearby45meterswillgetthemessageandproducemorepoisonwithin10minutes.Now,ifanenemyeatstoomanyofthetrees’leaves,hewilldie.

Everykindofplantortreeisgoodatproducingaspecialsetofchemicals.Herbivores,likerabbits,cansafelyeattheleavesofonetree,buttheymaybepoisonedbyitsneighbor.

Inthisway,plantshavenotonlydevelopedtheirowndefensesystem,butalsoshareditwithothers.Thismakesitimpossibleforasingleanimaltodestroyevenasmallareaofforest.

1．Fromthefirst2paragraphs,wecanlearnthat_________.

A.plantscandonothingagainsttheirenemies

B.chemicalsarequiteusefulforplantstosurvive

C.anantelopecanalwaysrunawayfromastronglion

D.leaves,roots,flowersandfruitsofplantsarepoisonous

2．IfanimalseatoneGoldenWattletree’sleaves,thetreecan________.

A.killtheanimalswithaspecialsmell

B.tellothertreestocometoprotectit

C.warnothertreesagainsttheanimalsonthephone

D.senddefensemessagestotheneighboringplants

3．Theunderlinedword“herbivores”inthe5thparagraphprobablymeansanimalswhich_____.

A．producepoison                                   B．liveonsmallanimals

C．liketoeatrabbits                                     D．feedonplantsorgrass

4．Thelastparagraphofthepassagesuggeststhatthiskindofdefensesystemis________.

A．badforanimals                                    B．goodforforests

C．helpfultosomeanimals                     D．harmfultoforests

5．Thepassageismainlyabout__________.

A．theexamplesofprotectingforests

B．thebalancebetweenanimalsandplants

C．thewaysofplantsfightingagainstenemies 

D．therelationshipbetweenlionsandantelopes

QiHaoran,aJunior1student,wasquitebusyoverthepastwintervacation–andnotjustwithhomework.Qi,togetherwith10otherclassmatesmadeavolunteergrouptocallonpeopletojointheCleanYourPlateCampaign（“光盘行动”）.

The11studentswenttomanyrestaurantsandtoldpeopletheimportanceofsavingfood.“Excuseme,doyouknowthat950millionpeoplearoundtheworldstillhaven’tgotenoughtoeat?

Pleasedon’twastefood.”Theywouldsaythiskindofthinghundredsoftimeseveryday.

TheCleanYourPlateCampaignbeganontheInternetinJanuary.Itcallsonpeopletoreducefoodwaste.

Chinaintheseyearshadseriousproblemswithwastedfood.CCTVreportedinJanuarythatthefoodChinesepeoplewasteeveryyearisenoughtofeed200millionpeopleforayear.

Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable（好客的）andgenerous（大方的）.Manyevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefood.

Luckily,thecampaignhasgotthesupportofmany.InarestaurantinXinjiang,theownergivetheguestswhohaveeatenallthattheyorderedasticker（贴花）.Peoplecanenjoyafreemealwhentheyhave10stickers.Morethan750restaurantsinBeijinghavebeguntooffersmallerdishesandencouragetheirgueststotakeleftovers（剩饭剩菜）home.

Toreducefoodwasteisabigtask,anditneedstime.It’simportantthateveryonedoestheirbit,justlikeQi.Didyoufinishyourmealstoday?

根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。

6．Whatdidthe11studentsdointhewintervacation?

A.Thehelpedeachotherwithhomework.

B.Theyopenedarestauranttogether.

C.Theyvolunteeredforacampaign.

D.Theycollectedmoneyfromcustomersinrestaurants.

7．Inthispassagetheunderlinedword“callon”means______.

A.打电话B.号召C.拜访D.叫喊

8．TheCleanYourPlateCampaigncallsonpeopleto_____.

A.dovolunteerworkB.workparttimeinrestaurants

C.cutdownonfoodwasteD.washyourplatesafterdinner

9．FromParagraphs4-5,welearnthat_____.

A.wastingfoodisaseriousprobleminChina

B.Chinesepeoplewastethemostfoodintheworld

C.Chinesepeoplewanttoshowoffthattheyarerich

D.mostChinesepeopleareafraidoflosingfaceatthetable

10．WhatdidtherestaurantinBeijingdotosupportthecampaign?

A.Theownerwouldhavedinnerwiththosewhohadeatenuptheirfood.

B.Itofferedafreemealtotheguestswhohadfinishedalltheirfoodtentimes.

C.Itgavestickerstotheguestswhoorderedsmalldishes.

D.Itencouragedcustomerstotakeleftovershome.

Innature,youmayseemanyinsects（昆虫）andanimalsofdifferentcolors.Haveyoueverwonderedwhy?

Locustsaresuperdeliciousfoodforbirds,butitisnotalwaysaneasyjobforbirdstocatchthem.Itisneitherbecauselocustsaregoodjumpersorrunnersnorbecausetheyaresmarterthantheirenemies.Thereasonisthatthecolorsoflocustschangewiththecolorsofcrops（庄稼）.Whencropsareyoung,locustslookgreen.Butwhenautumncomes,locustschangetotheyellowandbrowncolorascropsdo.

Brownbears,tigersandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.Theycan’tbeseeneasilybytheirenemies.Thisisbecausetheyhavecolorssimilartothetrees.Forthesamereason,polarbearsthatliveonalandofsnowandicearewhite.Butterfliesandbeeslivingamongtheflowersarecolorfullikeflowers.Soilinsectsaremostlydark-coloredandtheyliveunderthesoil（土壤）inadarkandwetenvironment.However,insectswithcolorsdifferentfromplantscaneasilybefoundandeatenbyothers.Soinordertosurvive,theyhavetohidethemselvesinthedaytimeandappearonlyatnight.

Haveyouevernoticedsomeevenstrangeracts?

Theinkfishintheseacansendoutsomeveryblackinkwhenitfacesdanger.Astheinkspreadsover,itsenemieswillfindthemselvessuddenlyinadarkworld.Atthesametimetheinkfishimmediatelyswimsaway.Thatishowitkeepsitselfsafethoughitisnotstrongatall.

11．Itisnoteasyforbirdstocatchlocustsbecause____________.

A.locustsaregoodrunnersB.locustscanjumpveryhigh

C.locustsaresmarterthanbirdsD.locustscanchangetheircolor

12．Accordingtothepassage,mostsoilinsects_________

A.donothavebrightcolors

B.changetheircolorswiththesoil

C.donotliveinadarkandwetenvironment

D.Eatcolorfulinsectslikebutterfliesandbees

13．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword”survive”inthepassage?

A.繁殖B.产卵C.觅食D.生存

14．Theinkfish_______sothatitsenemieswillnotseeit?

A.changesitscolorB.makesthewaterarounditblack

C.appearsonlyatnightD.hidesitselfinthesearocks

15．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Someinsectsandanimalshavedifferentskills.

B.Someinsectsandanimalsarecleverthanwethink.

C.Someinsectsandanimalsusecolorstoprotectthemselves.

D.Someinsectsandanimalscangetusedtotheenvironmenteasily.

Manychildrenthinkmobilephonesarecool.Theycomeinfuncolorsandletyoutalkwithfriendsanytimeandanywhere.

IntheU.S.,morethan90millionpeopleusemobilephones.Manyofthesepeoplearechildren.Forchildren,mobilephonesaremorethanphonecalls.Theyarefashionable.

Mostmobilephoneusersdon’tthinkaboutthehealthproblemscaused（引起）bymobilephones.Somescientistssaythatmobilephonesgiveoffradiation（辐射）thatmightbebadfortheusers.Oneneweststudyshowsthatmobilephoneradiationmightraise（增加）aperson’schanceofgettingsomekindsofcancer（癌症）.Otherscientistssaymobilephonesdon’t’threatenpeople’shealth.Theysaythattheyhavenotfoundanylink（联系）betweenphoneuseandcancer.

Scientistssaythatpeoplecanprotect（保护）themselvesfrommobilephoneradiation.Onewayistouseaheadset（耳机）.Orpeoplecanmakeshortercall.

16．Manychildrenlikemobilephonesbecausetheythinkmobilephonesare_________.

A.coolB.smallC.cheapD.theirtoys

17．ManyofthemobilephoneusersintheU.S.are___________.

A.girlsB.boysC.scientistsD.children

18．Somescientiststhinkmobilephonesaren’t_________forusershealth.Theycausessomekindsofcancer

A.badB.goodC.wrongD.helpful

19．Theunderlinedword“threaten”inthepassagemeans____________.

A.威胁.B.担心C.治疗D.证实

20．Whatshouldpeopledotoprotectthemselvesfrommobilephoneradiation?

A.MakelongercallsB.UseaheadsetC.MakeshortercallsD.BothBandC

ThisMarch,theH7N9virus（病毒）hitShanghai,Anhui,Jiangsu,Zhejiangandsoon.Itseemedthatmostpeoplewhowereinfected（被感染）withH7N9hadthecommonflu.Somepeoplesufferedfromafeveroracough.

Don’tbeafraid—it’snoteasytobeinfectedwiththevirus.Hereissomeadvicetohelpyouprotectyourselfwhenitcomes.

Washyourhands.Youneedtowashyourhandswithsoapandhotwaterbeforeyoueat,afteryouusethetoilet,andafteryoutouchanimals,becauseyourhandsmaycarryviruses.

Coveryournoseandmouth.Whensomeonesneezes（打喷嚏）orcoughs,fluvirusescantravelasfarasonemeterthroughtheair,soyou’dbetterstandaproperdistance（距离）whiletalkingtosomeone