考研英语二真题.docx

考研英语二真题.docx

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考研英语二真题

2017年考研英语二真题

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minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:

Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:

Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]gainedgreatpopularity

[B]createdmanyjobs

[C]strengthenedcommunityties

[D]becomeanofficialfestival

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]promotesportparticipation

[C]improvethecity’simage

[D]increasesporthoursinschools

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents

[B]superviselocalsportsassociations

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.

[A]tolerant

[B]critical

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

Text2

Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:

“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.

[A]simplifyroutinematters

[B]absorbuserattention

[C]betterinterpersonalrelations

[D]increaseworkefficiency

27.Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.

[A]takesawaybabies’appetite

[B]distractschildren’sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood

[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

[D]remainconcernedaboutkid’suseofscreens

30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______.

[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn’tit?

Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.

Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There’salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.

Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat______.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps______.

[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen’sfinancialburdens

[D]relievefreshmenofpressures

33.Theword“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）isclosestinmeaningto______.

[A]adaptation

[B]application

[C]motivation

[D]competition

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem______.

[A]avoidacademicfailures

[B]establishlong-termgoals

[C]switchtoanothercollege

[D]decideontherightmajor

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe______