动词不定式中的省略.docx
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动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况,一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略.
一,省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
1.一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如expect\want\hope\wish\love\hate\decide\plan\mean\try\wouldlike\beready\beafraid\beglad等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to.例如:
(1)-I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermydog
-Notatall.I'dbegladto.
(2)-Willyougowithme
-Well,I'dliketo.
(3)-Willyougohometomorrow
-No.I'mgoingtoalecture,oratleastIamplanningto.
2.不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式.例如:
(1)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhimnotto.
(2)You'dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyouto.
3.在一些情态动词或助动词oughtto\haveto\usedto\beableto后.例如:
(1)-MustIgonow
-No.Youdon'thaveto.
(2)-Areyouplanningtoseeyourgrandfather
-No.ButIoughtto.
二,省略动词不定式符号to的情况
1.动词不定式作感官动词feel\see\notice\watch\find\hear\listento\observe和使役动词have\make\let等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to省略.如果这些动词用于被动语态,其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外).例如:
(1)Weoftenhearhimsingthesongathome.
(=Heisoftenheardtosingthesongathome.)
(2)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenhergrowupfromchildhood.
(=Theyknewherverywell.Shewasseentogrowupfromchildhood.)
注意:
MothergotTomtobuyapackofsugar.
2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and\or\than\but连接时,从第二个不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to.但如果强调对比之意时不省略.例如:
(1)She'dliketotakeoffhercoatandhaveabreak.
(2)Thestudentsaretaughttoread,writeanddomanyotherthings.
(3)It'smoredifficulttodothantosay.(强调语意前后对比)
(4)Theteachercamenottopunishyoubuttohelpyou.(强调语意前后对比)
(5)Iwonderedwhethertostudyortowork.(强调语意前后对比)
3.不定式作表语,用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时,往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.例如:
(1)Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankherforallherhelpduringhertraining.
(2)Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandrest.
(3)Whatadictionarydoesishelpthestudentstofindoutthemeaningandtheusageofnewwords.
4.在why或whynot引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中.例如:
(1)Whygetsoexcited
(2)Whyquarrelwithyourmother
(3)Whynotjoinus,Tom
5.在一些类似情态动词词组hadbetter\wouldrather\hadbest\ratherthan\can'tbut\can'thelpbut等之后.例如:
(1)InChinaitisimportanttoinvestineducationratherthanincreasepersonalwages.
(2)Jackwouldratherreadthantalk.
(3)You'dbetterputonmoreclothes,oryou'llcatchabadcold.
(4)Shedarestogotothelonelyislandbyherself.Ican'tbutadmireherbravery.
6.在美国口语中,用在祈使语气中表示目的的动词come\go\try\run之后的动词不定式符号to可省略,也可不省略.例如:
(1)Cometellmeifhearrives.
(2)Gotellyourmother.
(3)Runswimtogether.
(4)Tryopenthedooragain.
(5)Trytoopenthedooragain.(不省略语气更强烈)
7.在一些固定短语中,
makebelieve(假装)
makedo(凑合,设法对付)
letslip(说出)
leavego(放手)
hearsay(听说)
letpass(忽略)
letbe(别打扰).例如:
(1)Theteacherdidn'tletslipawordtousaboutthecomingexam.
(2)I'veheardsaythatMarywasabouttocome.
(3)Theboymadebelievethathewasreadingwhenhisfatherentered.
(4)Lethimbe.
(5)Don'tleavego(of)thefish.
另外值得注意的几种情况:
1.need作行为动词时,后面接带to的动词不定式;当dare作情态动词时,一般不用于肯定陈述句中;当dare作行为动词时,其后既可接带to的动词不定式,也可接不带to的动词不定式.例如:
(1)Idaretoswimacrosstheriver.
(2)Hedarestosaythattohisfather.
(3)Shedoesn'tdare(to)answerherteacher'squestion.
(4)Weneedtofinishthejobbeforelunch.
2.关于动词help后接动词不定式的问题:
一般说来,help后既可接带to的动词不定式,也可接不带to的动词不定式(在美国英语及非正式文体中多见不带to).例如:
(1)Wouldyouliketohelpme(to)carrytheluggage
(2)Helpthebaby(to)getup,Susan!
3.but\besides\except作介词,后接动词不定式的情况:
如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,反之则要带to.例如:
(1)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.
(2)Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim
(3)Hehasnochoicebuttoleave.
4.当like或want在由when\whenever\what\whatever\as\if等引导的状语从句中时,其后往往省略整个动词不定式.例如:
(1)Comewheneveryoulike.
(2)Tom,don'tbenervous.
Takewhateveryouwant!
(3)Doanythingasyoulike.
(4)Youdon'thavetocomeswimmingifyoudon'twant.