外刊经贸知识选读串讲.docx

外刊经贸知识选读串讲.docx

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外刊经贸知识选读串讲

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

LessonOneChinaintheMarketPlace

一、术语：

manufacturedgoods制成品

capitalequipment资本货物

balanceofpayments国际收支

currentaccount经常项目

visibletradeaccount有形贸易项目

invisibletradeaccount无形贸易项目

tradesurplus贸易顺差

tradedeficit贸易逆差

barter易货贸易

compensationtrade补偿贸易

counter-trade反向贸易

assemblymanufacturing组装生产

industrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax工商统一税

jointventure合资企业

deferredpayment延期付款

buyercredit买方信贷

suppliercredit卖方信贷

softloan软贷款（低息贷款）

MFNtreatment:

MostFavoredNationtreatment最惠国待遇

PNTR:

PermanentNormalTradingRelations永久性正常贸易关系

NI:

NationalIncome国民收入

GNP:

GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值

GDP:

GrossDomesticProduct国内生产总值

IBRD:

InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment国际复兴和开发银行

IDA:

InternationalDevelopmentAssociation国际开发协会

IFC:

InternationalFinanceCorporation国际金融公司

OECD:

OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment经济合作和发展组织

BIS:

BankforInternationalSettlement国际清算银行

EEC:

EuropeanEconomicCommunity欧洲经济共同体

EU:

EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟

FDI:

ForeignDirectInvestment外商直接投资

二、词语释义：

exacerbate:

deteriorate恶化

disrupt:

interrupt中断

inthewakeof:

following继┉之后

breakdown:

analysisbyclassification分类分析

buoyant:

brisk上扬的，增产的

run-down:

reduction

mountexhibitions:

holdexhibitions

insofaras:

totheextent在┉范围之内

bottlenecks:

obstacles;problemsthatretardorhaltfreemovementorprogress

三、句子翻译：

OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy.

官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。

ThedebtproblemsconfrontinganumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChina"sdeterminationtointroduceforeigntechnologybymeansofdirectinvestmentandconcessionaryfinanceratherthanbyraisingsubstantialsumsofmoneyontheinternationalcapitalmarkets.…Theauthoritiesdonotconsideritappropriatetoincurlargeamountsofexternaldebtuntilanumberofpracticalbottlenecksintheeconomy,suchasaninadequatetransportnetworkandenergyconstraints

许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：

通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。

……在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。

LessontwoTheCurtainGoesup

一、术语：

ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区

awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士

infrastructure基础设施

capitalstock实际资本

consumergoods消费品

preferentialtaxrate优惠税率

cooperativeenterprise合作（经营）企业

ETDZ（Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone）经济技术开发区

entrepreneurship企业家精神

meansofproduction生产资料

stock-taking评估

二、词语释义：

inpiecemealform:

piecebypiece;gradually逐渐的

showpiece:

aprimeoroutstandingexample典范

pipedream:

fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦

fromscratch:

fromtheverybeginning从零开始，从最初开始

grassroots:

basiclevel基层

thedustsettles:

theconfusionends尘埃落定

inthedriver"sseat:

inthedominantposition

三、句子翻译：

IntheSEZs,whicharebeingbuiltalmostfromscratch,foreignerscaninvestinanythingwhichthestatedeemsusefulforthecountry,beit,forexample,productionofgoodsforexportorconstructionofprivate-housingestates.

在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。

So,whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthecountry"smodernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittee"s21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway.

因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。

LessonThreeBeijingRising

一、术语：

economicheavyweight举足轻重的经济强国

commercialhub商业活动中心

Percapita人均

GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值

punitiveimporttariff惩罚性进口关税

securities有价证券

realestatemarket房地产市场

“GreaterChina”tradebloc“大中华”贸易集团

conglomerate跨行业公司

consortium国际财团

二、词语释义：

jockey:

move

isbustlingwith:

isfilledwith

giddy:

dizzy;euphoric

farfetched:

improbable;incredible

clear:

earnanetprofit

dealahardblowto:

strikeheavily

rung:

level

retaliation:

returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisal

careeroutofcontrol:

runoutofcontrol

三、句子翻译：

WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina"smost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.Beijinghascutthisyear"sgrowthtargetfrom10to8.5percent,inanefforttokeeptheeconomyfromcareeringoutofcontroljustasitwascutbackin1989and1990whenitoverheated.

LessonfourTheEconomicScene:

AGlobalPerspective

一、术语：

centrally-plannedeconomy中央计划经济

marketeconomy市场经济

disinflationary（anti-inflationary）policies反通货膨胀政策

deflation通货紧缩

short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率

commoditymarket商品市场

nominal（dollar）terms名义（美元）价

constant（dollar）terms不变（美元）价

businesscycle商业周期

weightedaverage加权平均数

hardcurrencies硬通货

fiscaladjustment财政调整

portfolioinvestment有价证券投资

marketdiversification市场多元化

tightcreditpolicy紧缩的信贷政策

exchange-ratedevaluation汇率贬值

accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性货币政策

yieldcurve收益曲线

percapitaGDP人均国内生产总值

GATT:

GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定

EMS:

EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系

GDPdeflator消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（GDP平减指数）

CMEA（Comecon）:

CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance经互会

LIBOR:

LondonInter-BankOfferedRate伦敦同业银行优惠利率

二、词语释义：

inarow:

insuccession

easing:

slowingdown;decrease

momentum:

forceofmovement

underlying:

beingatthebasisof

slackening:

slowingofspeed

compound:

worsen

moderateinflation:

easeinflation

robust:

strongandhealthy

setbacks:

frustrations

slump:

depression

edgedown:

moveslowlydown

depreciation:

devaluation

spike:

abruptincrease

pick-up:

recovery

reinin:

control

bottoming-out:

reachingthelowestpointbeforerisingagain（止跌回升）

三、句子翻译：

AlthoughtheweaknessindemandintheUnitedStatesledtoasharpdeclineinshort-termdollarinterestrates—apositivedevelopmentformanydevelopingcountries—italsocontributedtoadropofover6percentinnonoilcommoditypricesandtoaslackening,to3percent,inthegrowthofworldtrade.IncreasinglybuoyantintraregionaltradeinEastAsiamaybeviewedasevidenceofanongoingprocessof“market-oriented”regionalintegration,adevelopmentthatcouldpartiallyoffsetlacklusterprogressintheareaofmultilateraltradeagreements.

LessonFiveU.S.isPreparedtoSeeTradeRelationsWorsen

一、术语：

traderepresentative贸易谈判代表

governmentprocurement政府采购

NAFTA（NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreements）北美自由贸易协定

tradesanctions贸易制裁

tradehawks贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物

二、词语释义：

tough:

uncompromising（不妥协的，强硬的）

discrimination:

unfairtreatment

sanctions:

penalty

escalate:

develop;intensify

frictions:

conflicts

procurement:

purchase

bebulliedintodoing:

beforcedtodo

isawaketo:

isconsciousof

amenableto:

responsiveto

araggedstart:

apoorstart

三、句子翻译：

Administrationofficialsseelittleriskthatthismoreaggressivepolicycouldescalateintoafull-fledgedtradewarthatwouldshocktheworld"sfragileeconomies.Thus,theadministrationwillnotbedeterredbycomplaintsthatithasmovedto“protectionism.”Insomeways,Mr.Clintonandhisadvisersarefollowingthesamewell-trodpathastheBushadministration,whichthreatenedsanctionsagainsttheCommunitylastyearandwalkedawayfromGATTnegotiationsratherthansignanagreementthatwouldprovideonlysmallgainsforU.S.companies.

LessonSixEconomicTroublesCloudNewMarket"sFuture

一、术语：

thesinglemarket统一大市场MaastrichtTreaty马斯特里赫特条约

barrier-freemarket无壁垒市场free-tradezone自由贸易区

referendum公民复决投票merger兼并

budgetcuts预算削减politicalandeconomicintegration政治经济一体化

deregulation放松管制privatization私有化

二、词语释义：

bigbang:

strongandpowerfuleffect;impact（不同凡响的效果）

sour:

worsenbacklash:

astrongadversereaction

beburstingto:

beeagerto（迫不及待地…）skid:

slide;fall

gushabout:

talkaboutwithexcessiveenthusiasm（滔滔不绝地谈论）

translateinto:

transformintohangover:

impendover;threaten

三、句子翻译：

Yetinitscurrentdourmood,Europerisksalmostoverlookingtherevolutionarystepforwardithastakenincreatingtheworld"slargestandwealthiestbarrier-freemarket—andonacontinentwhere,forcenturies,economicbattleshaveledtosomeofhistory"sbloodiestwars.ButperhapsthemajorreasonisthedarkeconomiccloudsnowhangingoverEurope.Oneofthecentraljustificationsforthesinglemarketwasitsabilitytocreategreaterprosperity,butitismakingitsdebutjustasEuropetraversesoneofitsroughesteconomicstormsinyears.

LessonSevenJapanSaysNo

一、术语：

freetrade自由贸易tradesanctions贸易制裁

fiscalpackages财政一揽子计划managedtrade管理贸易

tradebalance贸易差额multilateralrules多边规则

economiccycle经济周期budgetdeficit预算赤字

tradereprisals贸易报复

二、词语释义：

drawtheline:

setlimits;refusetogoasfarasorbeyond（划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）

diedown:

disappeargraduallyforeshadow:

isasignof;represents;indicates

capitulateto:

yieldtothrust:

principalconcernorobjective

gearedto:

adjustedtotakesbtotaskfor:

reprimandsbfor;criticizesbfor

isatpainsto:

makesagreateffortto;workshardtoofitsownaccord:

voluntarily;spontaneously

export-driven:

export-led;export-orientedinduecourse:

attherighttime

caveinto:

giveinto

三、句子翻译：

ItspolicyistoopensomeJapanesemarkets（whichitdeemstobeclosed）bysettingimporttargets—anapproachtotradepolicythatsupporterscall