高考写作如何布局作文高中高中9200字.docx

高考写作如何布局作文高中高中9200字.docx

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高考写作如何布局作文高中高中9200字

高考写作如何布局

　　一.教学内容：

　　书面表达讲解与训练

　　1.如何谋篇布局——写好篇章结构

　　2.学习连接词——把握连接上下文的关键

（一）写作基础讲解与练习：

　　掌握如何写好篇章的技巧：

　　1.注意篇章结构，合理布局

　　开始部分（openingparagraph）----说出文中的要点、核心问题。

　　正文部分（bodyparagraphs）----围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。

　　结尾部分（concludingparagraph）----对全文的总结和概括。

　　要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。

前后呼应，去除与主题无关的内容。

　　2.确定主题句

　　主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。

它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。

通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。

　　写主题句应注意以下几点：

（1）归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点

（2）提炼出一句具有概括性的话

　　（3）主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。

　　下面我们通过例子来学习、体会“主题句”

　　范例1：

　　somethingunpleasanthappenedtousonourwaytothebeach.

　　inthemorning,whilewewerewaitingtobuytrainticketsintherailwaystation,abusdrivercameovertous.hetoldushealsowasgoingtothebeach,theridewascheap,andthebuswasair-conditioned.wefeltgratefulandgotonhisbus.asweweretalkinghappilyontheway,thebussuddenlystopped.thedriversaidheneededtwohourstorepairtheengine.whilehewasworkingontheengine,heturnedofftheair-conditioner.heactuallytookfourhourstofinishhisjob,andwespentthewholemorningsweatingintheheat!

　　范例2：

　　iamanactiveboyanditalkmorethanlisten.whenitalkwithmyfriends,i’malwaysreadytoexpressmyself.i’mnotafraidtotellotherswhatithink.iamusuallythefocusoftheattentionbecauseioftenhavelotsofideasthatinteresteveryone.inmyopinion,peopleshouldshareandexchangeeachother’sideas.butwheniamwiththequietpeopleifeeltheairisfrozen.i’malwaystryingtofindatopicandstartaconversation.inthisway,peoplewilllikemeandfeelhappy.

　　inaword,iamoptimisticandactiveandicanmakeeverybodyasconfidentasme.

　　范例3：

　　根据下面表格以“changesinpeople’sdiet”为题写一篇短文。

　　审题列提纲：

（1）statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears;

（2）givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;

　　（3）drawyourownconclusions.

　　dietisveryimportantinpeople’slife.from1986to1990,people’sdietchangedalot.grainwasnolongerregardedasthemainfood.andastheproportion（比例）offruitandvegetabledeclined,theconsumptionofmilkandmeatincreased.

　　whatcausedthesechanges?

therearetworeasons.oneisthatwiththedevelopmentofscience,peoplebegantorealizetheimportanceofmaintainingabalanceddiet.theotheristhatpeoplehadmoremoneytospendandcouldaffordmoreexpensivefood.theytriedtochangetheirlow-priceddietintoamorevariedone.theywereeagertobuildupastrongbodybyimprovingtheirlivingstandards.

　　withthedevelopmentofoureconomyandimprovementofourfoodsupply,furtherchangeswilltakeplaceinpeople’sdiet.

　　看高考题体会主题句及篇章布局：

　　98年高考学生范文

　　ihadbeenlookingforwardtotodayforlong!

seveninthemorningwegatheredatourschoolgate,andthen,wesix-gradestudentsofno.1middleschoolwenttoredstarfarmforavisit.onarrivingthere,wewerewelcomedwarmlybytheguardandseveralfarmers.thentheguardshowedusaroundthewholefarm.wewereallstruckbythesightofhardworking.inthenoonwehadawonderfulpicniconthegrass.weweresogladthatafterlunchweturnedontheradiocarriedbymingming.mostofusdancedtomusichappily,whileothersalsoenjoyedthemselvestalkingtogether.fourintheafternoon,wesaidgoodbyetotheguardandallthefarmers.whataniceday!

　　本篇文章思路清晰，要点明确，前后呼应，加强了文章的整体性。

　　高考书面表达参考答案：

　　todaywevisitedafarm.earlyinthemorningwemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogether.thefarmworkersgaveusawarmwelcome.thentheheadofthefarmshowedusaround.howgladweweretoseethecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell.atnoonwehadapicniclunchinthesunshine.afterashortrest,wehadgreatfunsinginganddancing,tellingjokesorstories.twoofusevenplayedagameofchess.thetimepassedquickly.beforeweknewit,wehadtosaygoodbyetotheworkers.

（二）学习连接词---把握连接上下文的关键

　　要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词

　　下面请你认真学习并学会运用下列常见连接词

　　i表示罗列增加

　　first,second,third,

　　first,then/next,afterthat/next,finally

　　foronething…foranother…,

　　on（the）onehand…ontheotherhand,

　　besides/what’smore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also,

　　especially/inparticular,

　　i表示时间顺序

　　now,atpresent,recently,

　　after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,

　　atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,

　　later,next,finally,

　　immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themoment

　　fromnowon,fromthenon,

　　atthesametime,meanwhile,

　　till,not...until,before,after,when,while,as,during,

　　i表示解释说明

　　now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreover

　　furthermore,infact,actually

　　i表示转折关系

　　but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except（for）,instead,ofcourse,afterall,

　　i表示并列关系

　　or,and,also,too,notonly...butalso,aswellas,both...and,either...or,neither...nor

　　i表示因果关系

　　because,becauseof,since,nowthat,as,thanksto...,dueto...,therefore,asaresult（of）,otherwise,so…that,such…that

　　i表示条件关系

　　as（so）longas,onconditionthat,if,unless

　　i表示让步关系

　　though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whether...or...,however,whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatterhow（who,what,which,where,when,whom）

　　i表示举例

　　forexample,forinstance,suchas...,take...forexample

　　i表示比较

　　besimilarto,similarly,thesameas,incontrast,comparedwith（to）...justlike,

　　justas,

　　i表示目的

　　forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto,

　　i表示强调

　　indeed,infact,surely,certainly,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,

　　obviously,aboveall,

　　i表示概括归纳

　　inaword,inshort,inbrief,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,

　　asfarasiknow,asweallknow,ashasbeenstated，asihaveshown,

　　finally,atlast,insummary,inconclusion,

　　看高考题体会连接词的运用：

　　XX高考试题

　　deardick,

　　hownicetohearfromyouagain.youwanttoknowwhatisgoingoninschoolsinchina?

inshort,thingshavebeguntoimprovesinceschoolswerecalledontoreducelearningload.idon’tknowaboutothers,butiusedtohaveworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.nowihavemorefreetime.icanfollowmyowninterestssuchasreadingbooks,visitingmuseums,andtakingcomputerlessons.intheeveningsicanwatchnewsontvorreadnewspapers.what’smore,icangotobedearlier.asfarasiknow,everyoneishappyaboutthisnewarrangementofthings.

　　bestwishes,

　　lihua

　　用所给的词完成下面短文：

　　hfinally,then,atfirst,afterthat

　　ihadabadcoldlastweek.__________,ihadarunningnose,butididnottakeitseriously.________ibegantocough.________,ihadafeverandfeltweak.___________,iwassenttohospitalandhadtolieinbedforthreedays.

　　答案：

atfirst,then,afterthat,finally

　　hand,but,finally,immediately,now,atfirst,oneday,then,so,

　　thenaughtyboyinthestory“theboywhocriedwolf”hasgrownup._______heworksasaweathermaninhisvillage._________hestudiedtheweathercarefully_______foundthatastormwascoming.____________,hetoldallthevillagerstoprepareforthebadweather,______noonebelievedhim.__________,theweatherwasfine,________thevillagerssaidthattheyoungmanwaslyingagain.________theweathersuddenlychanged________astormwindcame.allthevillagerstriedtosavethecrops_______itwastoolate._________,thestormruinedallthecrops.

　　答案：

now,oneday,and,immediately,but,atfirst,so,then,and,but,finally

　　ibut,moreover,ofcourse,foronething,inaddition,however,first,furthermore,then,second

　　foreigncarsareoftenmoreexpensivetoownintheunitedstatesthanamerican-madecars.___________,foreigncarscostmoretobuy._________,therearereasonsforthis.thequalityofworkmanshipthatgoesintomakingthemisveryhigh._______,hightariffs（关税）onmanyforeignmodelshaveraisedprices.___________,foreigncarsoftencostmoretoregister._________,insuranceratescanbehigher._________,partsandrepaircostsaremuchgreaterthantheyareforamericancars._________,therearesomefinancialadvantagestoowningaforeigncars.______,manyofthemgetbettergasmileage,andtheyneednewtireslessoftenthanamericancarsdo._____,theirresalevalueishigher.thepriceofayear-oldforeigncarmaybeonly$300lessthanwhatitcostnew.______thepriceforayear-oldamericancarwillbearound$1,000less.

　　答案：

　　foreigncarsareoftenmoreexpensivetoownintheunitedstatesthanamerican-madecars.foronething,foreigncarscostmoretobuy.ofcourse,therearereasonsforthis.thequalityofworkmanshipthatgoesintomakingthemisveryhigh.then,hightariffs（关税）onmanyforeignmodelshaveraisedprices.furthermore,foreigncarsoftencostmoretoregister.inaddition,insuranceratescanbehigher.moreover,partsandrepaircostsaremuchgreaterthantheyareforamericancars.however,therearesomefinancialadvantagestoowningforeigncars.first,manyofthemgetbettergasmileage,andtheyneednewtireslessoftenthanamericancarsdo.second,theirresalevalueishigher.thepriceofayear-oldforeigncarmaybeonly$300lessthanwhatitcostnew.butthepriceforayear-oldamericancarwillbearound$1,000less.