大学英语外报外刊阅读教程第二版课后习题参考答案.docx

大学英语外报外刊阅读教程第二版课后习题参考答案.docx

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大学英语外报外刊阅读教程第二版课后习题参考答案

大学英语外报外刊阅读教程教学参考手册

第二版

端木义万主编

Lesson1

AnswerstotheQuestions

V.1.B2.B3.D4.A

VI.

1.AccordingtoMs.Wellington,GenX’ersareattractedtotheirorganizationsforutterlytraditionalreasons:

reputationoftheorganization,opportunitiestoadvance.

2.Catalystandotherresearchorganizationscautionthatthisagegrouphashighdemandsforemployers.Iftheirdemandsarenotmet,theywillleave.Andtheyarehighlysensitivetothewayinwhichtheyaretreated.IftheGenX’erbelievesthathisemployerisnotmakingacommitmenttohim,hewillleave.

3.Thesurveyfoundthatmorethan70percentofthemratedcompanionship,alovingfamilyandenjoyinglifeasextremelyimportant.Incontrast,fewerthan20percentofthemsaidearningalotofmoneyandbecominganinfluentialleaderwereextremelyimportantgoals.

4.AccordingtoRobertMorgan,thecorporateloyaltyisrisinginthecurrenteconomicclimatepartlybecauseofjobinsecurities.Besides,thereisthewarfortalent.Aslaborshortagesintensifiedinrecentyears,employershaveworkedhardatretaininggoodworkers.

Outline

I.

（1）Summarylead

IncreasingjobloyaltyofGenX’ers

II.（2–6）Catalyst’ssurveyaboutjobloyaltyofGenX’ers

1.Generalsituationofthejobloyalty

2.FindingsaboutthesimilaritiesbetweenGenX’ersandthepreviousgenerations

a.Old-fashionedgoals

b.Traditionalattractions

3.FindingsaboutthedifferencesbetweenGenX’ersandthepreviousgenerations

a.Highdemandsforemployers

b.Highsensitivenesstothewaytheyaretreated

III.（7–8）SpecificexampleofColleenGalle

Reasonsforstaying:

jobsatisfaction

jobloyalty

IV.（9–11）Moredetailsofthesurvey

1.Scope,objectsandfocusofthesurvey

2.Findingsaboutthefactorsinjobloyalty:

Companionship,lovingfamily,enjoyinglife

3.Statisticsshowingjobloyalty

V.（12–15）Analysisofjobloyalty

1.Notsurprisinginthecurrenteconomicclimate

2.Comparisonbetween1999and2001injobloyalty

3.Reasonsfortheincreaseofjobloyalty

a.Presentjobinsecurity

b.Employers’effortsatretainingthetalented

Lesson2

AnswerstotheQuestions

V.1.A2.A3.B4.D

VI.

1.ThepurposeofthedebatebetweenMateoandMartinezistofocusonthespecificneedsofLatinosthatbothpartiesarecourting.

2.TheproblemspointedoutbyMartinezarebadeducation,unemploymentandlackofhealthinsurance.

3.TheauthorsaysLatinoturnoutandpreferencewillbedecisiveintheelectionbecausetheyarethemajorityminorityandmoreofLatinosthaneverbeforeareexpectedtogotothepolls,andalargenumberofthosepeoplearenottiedtoeitherpoliticalparty.

4.Accordingtothearticle,acandidatewhofigureouthowtotalktoLatinosabouteducationandhealthcareinacompellingwaycanlockupLatinos’vote.

5.Theterm“Hispanic”cameintoofficialusein1973,whentheNixonadministrationformallydividedAmericansintofiveraces.Liberalsprefertheterm“Latino”onthegroundsthattheSpaniardsweretheverypeoplewhodestroyedtheindigenousculturesofLatinAmericans）

6.Theauthorthinksthattheterm“Hispanic”isamarketingtermandit’satermusedbypoliticiansatelectiontime.

7.Theauthorthinksthattheterm“Hispanic”isamarketingtermandit’satermusedbypoliticiansatelectiontime.Itcannotreflectculturalrealities.

Outline

I.（1–2）DebatebetweenMateoandMartinez

1.Mainissuesforthedebateandthepurposeofthedebate

2.Audience’sresponse:

louderopponents’voices

II.（3–5）Latinos’importanceinelection

1.DecisiveroleofLatinovoterturnoutandpreference

2.ReasonfortheimportanceofLatinovote:

Latinos’ascenttothemajorityminorityin2003

3.FactorslimitingLatinos’votingstrength

a.ManyofthemarenotyetUScitizens.

b.OnethirdofLatinosareunder18.

III.（6–8）Latinos’primeconcerns

1.ImportanceofeducationandhealthcaretoLatinos

2.Reasonsfortheimportanceofthoseissues

a.U.S.–bornLatinosformthemajority.

b.It’smorelikelyforLatinostolackhealthcareandeducation.

IV.（9–10）Discussionabouttheterm“Hispanic”

1.Theoriginofthetermandtheproblemswiththeterm

2.RichdiversityofLatinos

V.（11）IncreasedvisibilityofLatinos

Lesson3

AnswerstotheQuestions

V.1.C2.D3.C4.A

VI.

1.WWIIledtowomen’sentryintotheworkforce.Asmenmarchedofftofight,womentooktheirhusbands’placesinfactoriesandonthefarms.Theyneverlookedback.Mostnowtakeitforgrantedthatwomenhaveasmuchtoofferatworkasmendo.

2.No,itismorethanafinancialissuebecauseitraisessocialaswellaseconomicquestionsanditsresolutionwillinvolvegovernments,employersandpeople.

3.Thebabyboomgenerationisfarlargerthanthegenerationthatfollowsitoranythatprecededit.Itsachievementwillcastashadowoverthecompaniesitissettoleave.

4.Thepresentwaysofdealingwithafallingsupplyoflaborareshiftingworkoffshore,laxerimmigrationrulesanduseofnewequipment.

5.Iftheywereofferedthechanceofstayingonatwork,manyolderemployeeswouldjumpatthechancebecausetheywillnolongerbeabletoretireinthestyletheyhavebeenledtoexpect.Corporatepensionschemesandhealthbenefitsarebecomingevenlessgenerous.Besidestheneedformoney,manyelderlypeoplewanttocontinueworkingformentalstimulation.

6.Theauthorthinksthatolderworkersneedtoadaptandacceptarelativedeclineinsalaryandstatus

7.Thesignificanceofbabyboomers’changingtheworldofworkwillbemoreprofoundandlongerlastingthanthechangestheyhavebroughtsincethe1960s.

Outline

I.（1–2）SocialchangesinwesterncountriesafterWWII

1.Women’sentryintotheworkforce

2.Retirementpensionsfortheelderly

II.（3–4）Problemscausedbythepresentretirementpensions

1.Heavyburdenoffinancingretirementpensionsforbabyboomers

2.Companies’shortageofskilledworkers

III.（5–7）Needtokeeptheelderlyatwork

1.Presentwaysofdealingwithafallingsupplyoflabour

2.Elderlypeople’sdesireforwork

a.Elderlypeople’sneedformoney

b.Elderlypeople’sdesireformentalstimulation

IV.（8–10）Suggestionstogovernmentsandcompaniesabouthowtokeeptheelderlypeopleatwork

1.Separationofpensionfromtheirfinalsalaries

2.Freeinguplabormarketsinsteadoffocusingonlegislatingtobandiscriminationongroundsofage

3.Offeringflexibleworkschedule

V.（11）Suggestiontotheelderlyworkers

Needtoadapttoarelativedeclineinsalaryandstatus

VI.（12）Significanceofbabyboomers’changingtheworldofwork

Lesson4

AnswerstotheQuestions

V.1.D2.A3.D4.B

VI.

1.Accordingtothenewgovernmentfigures,Britishfemalefulltimeworkerswillbepaid£369,000lessthantheircounterpartsovertheirlifetime.

2.Thatlifetimedisparitywouldbeenoughtopayfor31yearsofchildcareor22newcars,ortopayofftheaveragestudentdebt18timesover.

3.Britain’sgenderpaygapof2008waslargerthanthatof2007.Menwerepaid17.1%morethanwomenforfull-timeworkwhilethedisparityinpart-timewageswas36.6%,upfrom35.8%in2007.

4.TheFawcettSocietyhascalledonthegovernmenttoincludemandatorypayauditingintheequalitiesbill,scheduledtobeintroducedinnextmonth’sQueen’sspeech.

5.Accordingtothearticle,SriLankaisjudgedthefifthmostequalintheworldonpoliticalempowermentbecauseofthelongincumbenciesasprmeministerandpresidentofSirimavoBandaranaikaandChandrikaKumaratunga.

6.AccordingtoYvonneGalligan,youngerparliaments,ingeneral,wereoftenmuchmorerepresentative.

7.Dr.SelviThriuchandranfeltpuzzledbytheWEFfindings,pointingoutthatasidefromtheBandaranaikes,SriLankahadtheworstrecordinSouthAsiaintermsofrepresentationinthelegislatureandexecutive.

Outline

I.（1–4）ONS’sfindingaboutgenderpaygapinBritain

1.Lifetimepaygapforfemalefull-timeworkers

2.Genderpaygap’swideningin2008

3.Concretevalueofthelifetimedisparity

4.Rake’scommentonthepaygap’swidening

II.（5–7）WEF’sfindingaboutUKwomen’sstatus

1.UK’sdropfrom11thto13thintermsofeconomic,political,healthandeducationalstatus

2.UK’srankingintermsofprogressonequalpay

3.Sectorswithwidegenderpaygaps

III.（8–9）Effortsmadetoaddresstheproblem

1.FawcettSociety’scallfortheinclusionofmandatorypayauditingintheequalitybill

2.HarrietHarman’sannouncementofarequirementtopublishgenderpaygaps

IV.（10–12）Analysisofwomen’spoliticalempowerment

1.AnalysisofSriLanka’shighrankingonpoliticalempowerment

2.YvonneGalligan’sanalysisofUKwomen’spoliticalempowerment

a.LowpercentageintheHouseofCommons

b.HealthiergenderbalanceintheScottishparliamentandtheWelshassembly

3.Women’shigherrepresentationinyoungerparliaments

V.（13–14）Dr.SelviThriuchanara’sviewonwomen’sstatusinSriLanka

1.DisputingWEF’sconclusion

2.ProblemsfacedbywomeninSriLanka

Lesson5

AnswerstotheQuestions

V.1.A2.B3.D4.B

VI.

1.Thefirstpowershiftisarebalancingofmoralauthority.Themajorfactorintheshiftistherecedingmoralsuperiorityofthewest.

2.ThedoublestandardinParagraph3referstotheUSdifferentrulesforthetwofinancialcrises.DuringtheAsianfinancialcrisis,theUSbashedHongKongwhenitsgovernmentintervenedinAugust1998inthestockmarkettofendoffthewesterninvestmentbanksandhedgefundsbentondestroyingthecity’scurrency.Yetonlyamonthlater,theUSintervenedinthemarkettobailoutLTCM.

3.Theauthorthinksthattheminoradj