曼昆《经济学原理》（微观）第五版测试题库文档格式.docx

曼昆《经济学原理》（微观）第五版测试题库文档格式.docx

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7-1

NAT:

Analytic

LOC:

Supplyanddemand

TOP:

Welfare

MSC:

Definitional

2.Thewillingnesstopayisthemaximumamountthatabuyerwillpayforagoodandmeasureshowmuchthebuyervaluesthegood.

T DIF:

1 REF:

7-1 NAT:

Supplyanddemand TOP:

WillingnesstopayMSC:

3.Foranygivenquantity,thepriceonademandcurverepresentsthemarginalbuyer'

swillingnesstopay.ANS:

2 REF:

Interpretive

4.Abuyeriswillingtobuyaproductatapricegreaterthanorequaltohiswillingnesstopay,butwouldrefusetobuyaproductatapricelessthanhiswillingnesstopay.

F DIF:

5.Consumersurplusistheamountabuyeractuallyhastopayforagoodminustheamountthebuyeriswillingtopayforit.

ConsumersurplusMSC:

6.Consumersurplusistheamountabuyeriswillingtopayforagoodminustheamountthebuyeractuallyhastopayforit.

7.Consumersurplusmeasuresthebenefittobuyersofparticipatinginamarket.

8.Consumersurpluscanbemeasuredastheareabetweenthedemandcurveandtheequilibriumprice.ANS:

9.Consumersurpluscanbemeasuredastheareabetweenthedemandcurveandthesupplycurve.ANS:

10.Joelhasa1966Mustang,whichhesellstoSusie,anavidcarcollector.Susieispleasedsinceshepaid$8,000forthecarbutwouldhavebeenwillingtopay$11,000forthecar.Susie'

sconsumersurplusis$2,000.

453

Chapter7/Consumers,Producers,andtheEfficiencyofMarketsv467

11.IfDarbyvaluesasoccerballat$50,andshepays$40forit,herconsumersurplusis$10.

Applicative

12.IfDarbyvaluesasoccerballat$50,andshepays$40forit,herconsumersurplusis$90.

13.Allelseequal,anincreaseinsupplywillcauseanincreaseinconsumersurplus.

14.Supposethereisanincreaseinsupplythatreducesmarketprice.Consumersurplusincreasesbecause

（1）consumersurplusreceivedbyexistingbuyersincreasesand

（2）newbuyersenterthemarket.

15.Ifthegovernmentimposesabindingpricefloorinamarket,thentheconsumersurplusinthatmarketwillincrease.

16.Ifthegovernmentimposesabindingpricefloorinamarket,thentheconsumersurplusinthatmarketwilldecrease.

17.Eachsellerofaproductiswillingtosellaslongasthepriceheorshecanreceiveisgreaterthantheopportunitycostofproducingtheproduct.

7-2 NAT:

OpportunitycostMSC:

18.Atanyquantity,thepricegivenbythesupplycurveshowsthecostofthelowest-costseller.ANS:

19.Inacompetitivemarket,salesgotothoseproducerswhoarewillingtosupplytheproductatthelowestprice.

T DIF:

7-2

Efficiency

20.Producersurplusistheamountasellerispaidminusthecostofproduction.

ProducersurplusMSC:

21.Producersurplusisthecostofproductionminustheamountasellerispaid.

22.Allelseequal,anincreaseindemandwillcauseanincreaseinproducersurplus.

23.Allelseequal,adecreaseindemandwillcauseanincreaseinproducersurplus.

24.IfproducingasoccerballcostsJake$5,andhesellsitfor$40,hisproducersurplusis$45.ANS:

25.IfproducingasoccerballcostsJake$5,andhesellsitfor$40,hisproducersurplusis$35.ANS:

26.Conniecancleanwindowsinlargeofficebuildingsatacostof$1perwindow.Themarketpriceforwindow-cleaningservicesis$3perwindow.IfConniecleans100windows,herproducersurplusis$100.

27.Conniecancleanwindowsinlargeofficebuildingsatacostof$1perwindow.Themarketpriceforwindow-cleaningservicesis$3perwindow.IfConniecleans100windows,herproducersurplusis$200.

28.Theareabelowthepriceandabovethesupplycurvemeasurestheproducersurplusinamarket.ANS:

29.Theareabelowthedemandcurveandabovethesupplycurvemeasurestheproducersurplusinamarket.ANS:

30.Ifthegovernmentimposesabindingpriceceilinginamarket,thentheproducersurplusinthatmarketwillincrease.

31.Whendemandincreasessothatmarketpriceincreases,producersurplusincreasesbecause

（1）producersurplusreceivedbyexistingsellersincreases,and

（2）newsellersenterthemarket.

32.Totalsurplusinamarketisconsumersurplusminusproducersurplus.

7-3

Totalsurplus

33.Totalsurplus=Valuetobuyers-Coststosellers.

2

34.Totalsurplusinamarketcanbemeasuredastheareabelowthesupplycurveplustheareaabovethedemandcurve,uptothepointofequilibrium.

35.ProducingasoccerballcostsJake$5.HesellsittoDarbyfor$35.Darbyvaluesthesoccerballat$50.Forthistransaction,thetotalsurplusinthemarketis$40.

36.Theequilibriumofsupplyanddemandinamarketmaximizesthetotalbenefitstobuyersandsellersofparticipatinginthatmarket.

37.Efficiencyreferstowhetheramarketoutcomeisfair,whileequalityreferstowhetherthemaximumamountofoutputwasproducedfromagivennumberofinputs.

7-3 NAT:

Efficiency|EqualityMSC:

38.Efficiencyisrelatedtothesizeoftheeconomicpie,whereasequalityisrelatedtohowthepiegetsslicedanddistributed.

39.Freemarketsallocate（a）thesupplyofgoodstothebuyerswhovaluethemmosthighlyand（b）thedemandforgoodstothesellerswhocanproducethematleastcost.

40.Economistsgenerallybelievethat,althoughtheremaybeadvantagestosocietyfromticket-scalping,thecoststosocietyofthisactivityoutweighthebenefits.

41.Economistsarguethatrestrictionsagainstticketscalpingactuallydriveupthecostofmanytickets.

42.IftheUnitedStateslegallyallowedforamarketintransplantorgans,itisestimatedthatonekidneywouldsellforatleast$100,000.

43.Eventhough