职称英语考试强化训练题综合类补全短文.docx

职称英语考试强化训练题综合类补全短文.docx

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职称英语考试强化训练题综合类补全短文

2015年职称英语考试强化训练题（综合类补全短文）

LittleLadyStartsBigWar

　　HarrietBeecherStowehadpouredherheartintoheranti-slaverybook"UncleTom'sCabin."（46）Thepublisherwassodoubtfulthathewantedhertosplitthepublishingcostswithhim,andallshehopedwasthatitwouldmakeenoughmoneyforhertobuyanewsilkdress.上学吧视频超市

　　Butwhenthefirst5,000copieswereprintedin1852.Theysoldoutintwodays.Inayearthebookhadsold300,000copiesintheUnitedStatesand150,000inEngland.（47）Withinsixmonthsofitsrelease,aplaywasmadefromthebookwhichran350performancesinNewYorkandremainedAmerica'smostpopularplayfor80years.Itmightappearthat"UncleTom'sCabinswasuniversallypopular,butthiswascertainlynottrue.Manypeopleduringthosepre-CivilWardays--particularlydefendersoftheslaverysystem--condemneditasfalsepropagandaandpoorlywrittenmelodrama（传奇剧作品）.

　　Harrietdidhavestrongreligiousviewsagainstslavery（Whenaskedhowshecametowritethebook,shereplied:

"Godwroteit."）,andshetriedtoconvincepeopleslaverywaswrong,soperhapsthebookcouldbeconsideredpropaganda.（48）

ThoughshewasborninConnecticutin1832,asayoungwomanshemovedtoCincinnati,Ohio,whenherfatheracceptedthepresidencyofnewlyfoundedLaneTheologicalSeminary（神学院）.Ohiowasafreestate,butjustacrosstheOhioRiverinKentucky,Harrietsawslaveryinaction.（49）In1851,HarrietBeecherStowebeganherbook.上学吧视频超市

　　Itsvastinfluencestrengthenedtheanti-slaverymovementandangereddefendersoftheslavesystem.（50）

　　Infact,whenAbrahamLincolnmetHarrietattheWhiteHouseduringtheCivilWar,hesaid,"So,thisisthelittleladywhostartedthisbigwar."上学吧视频超市

　　AShehadreadalotabouttheslaverysystem.

　　BTodaysomehistoriansthinkthatithelpedbringontheAmericanCivilWar.

　　CButifso,itwastruepropaganda,becauseitaccuratelydescribedtheevilsofslavery.

　　DForawhileitoutsoldeverybookintheworld,excepttheBible.

　　EButneithershenorherfirstpublisherthoughtitwouldbeabigsuccess.上学吧视频超市

　　FShelived18yearsinCincinnati,marryingCalvinStowe,professorofacollege.

　　答案：

EDCFB

Isallthisconcernawasteofhumaneffort?

　　Theblackrobin（旅鸫）isoneoftheworld'srarestbirds.Itisasmall,wildbird,anditlivesonlyontheislandofLittleMangere,offthecoastofNewZealand.In1967therewereaboutfiftyblackrobinsthere;in1977therewerefewerthanten.（46）上学吧视频超市

　　Energeticstepsarebeingtakentopreservetheblackrobin.（47）Theideaistobuyanotherislandnearbyasaspecialhome,a"reserve",forthreatenedwildlife,includingblackrobins.TheorganizerssaythatLittleMangereshouldthenberestocked（重新准备）withtherobin'sfood.ThousandsoftherequiredplantsareatpresentbeingcultivatedinNewZealand.

　　Isallthisconcernawasteofhumaneffort?

（48）Arewelosingoursenseofwhatisreasonableandwhatisunreasonable?

　　Intheearth'slong,longpasthundredsofkindsofcreatureshaveevolved,risentoadegreeofsuccessanddiedout.Inthelong,longfuturetherewillbemanynewanddifferentformsoflife.Thosecreaturesthatadaptthemselvessuccessfullytowhattheearthofferswillsurviveforalongtime.（49）Thisisnature'sprovenmethodofoperation.

　　Theruleofselection--"thesurvivalofthefittest"--istheonebywhichhumanbeingshavethemselvesarrivedonthescene.We,beingoneofthemostadaptablecreaturestheearthhasyetproduced,maylastlongerthanmost.（50）Youmaytakeitasanotherrulethatwhen,atlast,humanbeingsshowsignsofdyingout,noothercreaturewillextendapaw（爪）topostponeourdeparture.Onthecontrary,wewillbehurriedout.

　　Lifeseemstohavegrowntootoughforblackrobins.Ileaveyoutojudgewhetherweshouldtrytodoanythingaboutit.

　　ASomecreatures,certainsmallanimals,insectsandbirds,willalmostcertainlyoutlast（比…长久）man,fortheyseemevenmoreadaptable.上学吧视频超市

　　BThosethatfailtomeetthechallengeswilldisappearearly.

　　CDetailedstudiesaregoingon,andapublicappealformoneyhasbeenmade.

　　DBothrepresentordersintheclassificationoflife.

　　EIsitanybusinessofourswhethertheblackrobinsurvivesordiesout?

　　FThesearetheonlyblackrobinsleftintheworld.

　　答案：

FCEBA上学吧视频超市

humanspaceexplorationareworththerisks

　　TheColumbiaaccidenthasrevivedthedebateonwhethertherewardsof

　　humanspaceexplorationareworththerisks

　　No.Iwasateacherwhenmenfirstlandedonthemoonin1969,andIrememberhowitmovedmystudentsandthiscountry.（46）Andwehaven'tventuredoutwardsincethen.That's30yearstoolong!

America'shumanspace-flightprogramisadrift,withnoclearvisionorgoalsbeyondthecompletionoftheInternationalSpaceStation.上学吧视频超市

　　IwantNASAtoestablishaphasedseriesofgoalsoverthenext20years,includinghumanvisitstoasteroidsthatcrosstheEarth'sorbit,establishingaresearchandlivingfacilityforhumansonthemoon,andhumanexpeditionstothesurfaceof.Marsanditsmoons.（47）

　　Anastronautistoday'sChristopherColumbus,whosailedintotheunknownanddiscoveredtheAmericas.Theknowledgewegainfromhavingactualpeopleexploringcanneverbereplacedbyrobots.（48）Robotsareuseful,buthumanscandothingsthatrobotscan't.上学吧视频超市

　　Therealobstaclewefaceinovercomingthedriftinthenation'shumanspace-flightprogramisnottechnologicalandit'snotfinancial.（49）

　　ThelessonfromtheColumbiaaccidentisnotthathumansdon'tbelonginspace.

　　______（50）

　　AInstead,weshouldhonorthememoryofthelostastronautsbypushingourexplorationofspacefuture.

　　BAstronautsarekeytothisexpandedexploration.

　　CIt'sthelackofcommitmenttogetstarted.

　　DUntilthen,weshouldstopriskingpeople'slivesbysendingthemintospace.

　　EItisnowmorethan30yearssincethelastAmericanleftthesurfaceofthemoonandreturnedtoEarth.

　　FOurabilitytosendhumansintospaceandhavethemreturngivesusamazinginformationaboutourselvesandouruniverse.

　　答案：

EBFCA上学吧视频超市

people'smindsaresusceptibletoinfluence

　　Whyonearthwouldaninnocentpersonfalselyconfesstocommittingacrime?

Tomostpeople,itjustdoesn'tseemlogical.Butitislogical,sayexperts,ifyouunderstandwhatcanhappeninapoliceinterrogation（审讯）room.

　　Undertherightconditions,people'smindsaresusceptible（易受影响的）toinfluence,andthepressureputonsuspectsduringpolicegrillings（盘问）isenormous.（46）"Thepressureisimportanttounderstand,becauseotherwiseit'simpossibletounderstandwhysomeonewouldsayhedidsomethinghedidn'tdo.Theansweris:

toputanendtoanuncomfortablesituationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess."

　　DevelopmentalpsychologistAllisonRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratorystudytodeterminehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstothingstheydidn'tdo.（47）Theresearchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputersandaccusedtheparticipantsofhittingthe"alt"keytoseeiftheywouldsignastatementfalselytakingresponsibility.

　　Redlich'sfindingsclearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalselyconfess:

59percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfessed.（48）Ofthe15-to16-year-olds,72percentsignedconfessions,asdid78percentofthe12-to13-year-olds.上学吧视频超市

　　"There'snoquestionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisk,"saysSaulKassin,apsychologyprofessoratWilliamsCollege,whohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilarresults.（49）

　　BothKassinandRedlichnotethattheentire"interrogation"intheirexperimentsconsistedofasimpleaccusation--nothoursofaggressivequestioning--andstill,mostparticipantsfalselyconfessed.

　　Becauseofthestressofapoliceinterrogation,theyconclude,suspectscanbecomeconvincedthatfalselyconfessing,istheeasiestwayoutofabadsituation.（50）

　　AInherexperiment,participantswereseatedatcomputersandtoldnottohitthe"alt"key,becausedoingsowouldcrashthesystems.上学吧视频超市

　　B"Insomeways,"saysKassin,"falseconfessionbecomesarationaldecision."

　　C"It'salittlelikesomebody'sworkingonthemwithadental（牙齿的）drill,"saysFranklin确Zimring,alawprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.

　　D"Butadultsarehighlyvulnerabletoo."

　　EHowcouldaninnocentpersonadmittodoingsomethinghedidn'tdo?

上学吧视频超市

　　FRedlichalsofoundthattheyoungertheparticipant,themorelikelyafalseconfession.

　　答案：

CAFDB

theValeofWhiteHorseDistrictCouncil

　　ItwasduskinTubneyWoods,deepinruralOxfordshire.Thebirdsweresingingattheendofanotherperfectday.Thewomanlivingattheedgeoftheforestcouldstanditnolonger.Shephonedthelocalnoisepollutionofficer.

　　"It'stherooks（秃鼻乌鸦）,"shesaid."Ican'tbearthatawfulcawing（呱呱地叫）noise.Canyoudosomethingaboutit?

"

　　ThecallwasnosurprisetoofficialsattheValeofWhiteHorseDistrictCouncil.

　　（46）Thecountryside,aseverycountry-dwellerknows,canbeahellishly（可怕地）noisyplace.上学吧视频超市

　　LastweekDavidStead,aWestYorkshirefarmer,appearedincourtinWakefieldaccusedofallowinghiscockstobreaknoiseregulationsbycrowing（打鸣）atdawn,wakinganeighbour.

　　_____（47）SixmonthsagoCorky,afour-year-oldcock,wasbannedfromcrowingaftercomplaintsintheDevonvillageofStoke.

　　Complaintsaboutnoisereasonableornot-areatrecordlevelsincountryareas.Environmentalhealthofficerssaythisispartlybecauseofanincreaseinnoisyactivity.However,asignificantnumberofcomplaintscomefromnewcomerstothecountryside.上