ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET.docx

ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET.docx

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ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET

ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLET

BYWILLIAMSHAKESPEARE

StudentXXX

MajorXXX

TutorXXXXX

NANCHANGBUSINESSCOLLEGE

OFJXAU

December2012

摘要

威廉莎士比亚（1564-1616），英国诗人，演员，剧作家。

欧洲文艺复兴时期欧洲最伟大的剧作家和诗人，卓越的人文主义的思想代表，近代欧洲文学奠基者之一。

他被公认为最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的剧作家。

在其创作的作品中，四大悲剧之一的《哈姆雷特》被认为是其巅峰之作。

莎士比亚以其独特的创作手法塑造了一个有一个的人物形象。

这些人物形象栩栩如生，独具个性，尤其以《哈姆雷特》中丹麦王子哈姆雷特的形象最为著名。

哈姆雷特是一个处于现实和理想矛盾中的人文主义者，曾经对天地万物、人与社会都充满了美好的希冀。

但是现实的严酷与丑恶打破了他的美好理想，他的人文主义的信念破灭了。

作为一个人文主义者，哈姆雷特在复仇道路上的犹豫，显示了他所代表的人文主义与封建势力的悬殊。

借此表现了作者对文艺复兴运动的反思与对人的命运与未来社会的忧虑。

哈姆雷特的性格中却有着犹豫不定，延宕的一面。

但正是因为他的犹豫延宕才使得这一形象有着不朽的艺术魅力。

【关键词】：

莎士比亚;哈姆雷特;性格浅析;犹豫;延宕;死亡

Abstract

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）,isanEnglishpoet,playerandplaywright.HewasthemostremarkableplaywrightandapoetofEnglandintheperiodoftheRenaissanceinEuropean,anoutstandingrepresentativeofhumanitarianism,andoneofthefoundersofmodernEuropeanliterature.HewaswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.Inhisworks,Hamlet,oneofhisfourtragedies,isconsideredthesummitofShakespeare’sart.OnecharacterafteranotherwascreatedbyShakespearewithuniquecreativetechniqueinwriting.Thesecharacterswerealivewiththeuniquepersonality,particularlywell-knowninHamlet,theimageofHamlet，thePrinceofDenmark.Hamletisacontradictionbetweenidealsandrealitiesinthehumanist.Oncehewasfullofbrighthopeforpeople,societyandallthings.Buttheuglyandharshrealitybrokehisbeautifulideal,andhishumanistbeliefsshattered.Asahumanist,Hamlethesitatedontheroadofrevenge,whichshowedthatherepresentedthepoorbetweenthefeudalforcesandhumanism,andsoastoshowauthor’sreflectionsofRenaissancemovementandconcernstothefateofhumanandfuturesociety

However,Hamletwashesitatingandprocrastinatinginhispersonality.Hismelancholyisthereasonwhyhisimagehasamonumentalartisticcharm.

【Keywords】Shakespeare；Hamlet；analysisofthecharacter；hesitation；procrastination；death

Contents

Abstrac（inChinese）………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstrac（inEnglish）………………………………………………….……………………Ⅱ

1.Introduction

HamletofShakespeareisaclassicalrepresentativework.Themostfamouswordis:

“Tobeornottobethisisaquestion.”Inthework,ShakespearecreatedHamlet,amanwithwisdomandcourage.Inthe8thcentury,therewasaprinceinDenmark.Theoldkingwasmurderedandthethronewasusurpedbyhisbrother.Theprincewastoldthetruthbytheghostofhisfather.Inordertorevengeonhisuncleforkillinghisfather,hepretendedtobeamadman.Heandhisunclestartedafiercestruggle.Hewasakind-heartedmanandagod-fearingperson.Hewasinconsistentinhisheart,andfellinlovewithabeautifulgirl.Finally,hediedinthetrapsetbyhisuncle.Beforehedied,hekilledhisuncletoavengeforhisfather.Shakespearehadthemostincisiveandthemostprofoundthinkingonthenatureoflifethroughoutthefull-text.Thismadethereaderinastateofstrongshock.

1.1Thewritingbackground

HamletisShakespeare'smostfamousplay.Itisatragedy,believedtohavebeenwrittenbetween1599and1601.Itcreatedin1601-1602years,publishedin1603.HamlethasbeenhailedasthemasterworkofShakespeare.ThisworkarebasedonaPrinceLanceRoyce（PrinceAmleth）story,thestorycanbetracedbackto12thcentury.However,Shakespeare'sHamletisnotthefirststoryaboutthehistory.Earlyinthe16thcentury,theeighties,thesamenamecreationbyThomas•Kidd（ThomasKyd）alreadyfamousamongBritishsocialdrama,butthescriptofKidd'sversionhasbeenlost.Theplayvividlyportraysrealandfeignedmadness–fromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrage–andexploresthemesoftreachery,revenge,incest,andmoralcorruption.

Threedifferentearlyversionsoftheplayhavesurvived:

theseareknownastheFirstQuarto（Q1）,theSecondQuarto（Q2）andtheFirstFolio（F1）.Eachhaslines,andevenscenes,thataremissingfromtheothers.ShakespearebasedHamletonthelegendofAmleth,preservedby13th-centurychroniclerSaxoGrammaticusinhisGestaDanorumassubsequentlyretoldby16th-centuryscholarFrançoisdeBelleforest.Hemayhavealsodrawnon,orperhapswritten,anearlier（hypothetical）ElizabethanplayknowntodayastheUr-Hamlet.

ShakespearelivedinaalternatetimewhichaseriousdeclineoffeudalismandtheriseofcapitalisminEuropeanhistorycameintobeing.HamletisaprinceofDenmarkintheancienttime.ShakespearedeliberatelymadeanerrorofitstimetomoveHamlettoBritishrealityinElizabethdynasty.Britain，atthistime,socialconflictsbecameseriously，lavishcourtlifeexistedintheupperclass,socialsituationwasveryunrest,andthebourgeoisie,betweentheroyalfamilyandCapitalistbecamemoreandmorekeen.Shakespeare，throughthestoryofHamlet,wasruthlesslyexposedthedarknessandinjusticeofthesociety,andfullydemonstratedhishumanistideas.

InShakespeare'sdescription,thisstoryofmedievalEnglandwasgivenanewmeaningandimportance.AlthoughthedramaisfilledwithcolourfulcharactersintheDanishname,butthereaderiseasytoseewhathappeninginthestoryispreciselythedescriptionofBritishsocietyatthattime,thewholestoryispermeatedwiththespiritofShakespeare'sera.Itcansay,"Hamlet,"asaworkintheShakespeare’scriticismofhumanismandthespiritofreallife,isamostprofoundexpressionwork.

1.2AboutWilliamShakespeare

.WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandthe"BardofAvon".Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.

ShakespearewasbornandraisedinStratford-upon-Avon.Attheageof18,hemarriedAnneHathaway,withwhomhehadthreechildren:

Susanna,andtwinsHamnetandJudith.Between1585and1592,hebeganasuccessfulcareerinLondonasanactor,writer,andpartownerofaplayingcompanycalledtheLordChamberlain'sMen,laterknownastheKing'sMen.HeappearstohaveretiredtoStratfordaround1613,wherehediedthreeyearslater.FewrecordsofShakespeare'sprivatelifesurvive,andtherehasbeenconsiderablespeculationaboutsuchmattersashisphysicalappearance,sexuality,religiousbeliefs,andwhethertheworksattributedtohimwerewrittenbyothers.

Shakespeareproducedmostofhisknownworkbetween1589and1613.Hisearlyplaysweremainlycomediesandhistories,genresheraisedtothepeakofsophisticationandartistrybytheendofthe16thcentury.Hethenwrotemainlytragediesuntilabout1608,includingHamlet,KingLear,Othello,andMacbeth,consideredsomeofthefinestworksintheEnglishlanguage.Inhislastphase,hewrotetragicomedies,alsoknownasromances,andcollaboratedwithotherplaywrights.

TherearefourmajormasterpiecesofShakespeare'stragedies:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth.Hisfamouscomedies:

MidsummerNight'sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,TwelfthNight.Historicaldrama:

HenryIV,HenryV,CharlesII.Seriousplay,tragicomedy:

RomeoandJuliet.Healsowrote154sonnets,twolongpoems.BenJonsoncalledhim"thesoulofthetimes,"MarxsaidheandtheAeschylusinancientGreeceas"thegreatestdramaofhumangenius."AlthoughShakespeare'swritingonlyinEnglish,butheisaworldfamouswriter.Mostofhisworkshavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages​​,theplaysarestagedinmanycountries.

Ingeneral,thecreationofShakespeare'splayscanbedividedintothefollowingthreeperiods:

Thefirstperiod（1590-1600）

Towritinghistoricaldrama,comedy-based,thereareninehistoricaldramas,comediesandtwo10tragedies.Inadditionto9historicaldramas,KingJohnwaswrittenintheearly13thcentury’sBritishhistory,theothereightworksarecontenttodovetailthetwo4-steps:

thethreesectionsofHenryVI,thelastsection,withRichardIII;RichardII,HenryIV（knownasthemostsuccessfulhistoricaldrama）,thenextandHenryV.10comedies，ComedyofErrors,TamingoftheShrew,TwoGentlemenofVerona,loveinvain,MidsummerNight'sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,TheMerryWivesofWindsor,MuchAdoAboutNothing,happyandtwelfthNight.

Thesecondperiod（1601-1607）

Mainlyintragedy,wrotethreeRomandramas,tragediesandthree5"darkcomedies"or"problemplays."RomandramaJuliusCaesar,AntonyandCleopatraisdrawnfromPlutarch,GreekandRomanHeroes,thehistoricaldrama.Asthedepthofthoughtandrealisiminthisperiodhasbeenenhanced,sothatTroilusandCressida,marriedandatitandComedyalsorevealthedarkside,hangingoverthetreacherousintriguesofevilshadow,whichiscalled"problemplays"or"darkcomedy."

Thethirdperiod（1608-1613）

Tendtocompromiseandfantasytragicomedyormelodrama.Hismajorworksarefourtragicomediesormelodramas:

TellPrinceRickReese,Cymbeline,TheWinter'sTale,TheTempest.Theseworkswerewrittenseparated,reunited,framed,rehabilitate.Althoughstillinsistshumanistideal,theyhaveexposedtherealityofthedarktime,butmainlyrelyonmagictosolveconflicts,fantasiesbychanceandaccident,andtopromoteforgiveness,tolerance,compromise,reconciliationtotheend.ShakespeareandFletcheralsoco-wrotethehistoricaldramaHenryVIIIandthemelodrama,Twoofyourfamily,whichinrecentyearscollectedbysomeofShakespeare'splays..