届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十七18页word版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十七18页word版.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十七18页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十七

[一]

OurdaysonEartharenumbered，accordingtoProfessorStephenHawking.

TheworldfamousphysicisthaspreviouslyissuedwarningstotheworldthatrobotscouldwipeoutmankindandthatleavingEarthisouronlyhope.

“IbelievethatlifeonEarthisataneverincreasingriskofbeingwipedoutbyadisaster，suchasasuddennuclearwar，ageneticallyengineeredvirus，orcatastrophicglobalwarming，”hesaid.“Ithinkthehumanracehasnofutureifitdoesn’tgotospace.”

Hawkingsaidthatincreasingly，mostofthethreatsmankindfacescomefromprogressintechnology.“Wearenotgoingtostopmakingprogress，orreverseit，sowemustrecognizethedangersandcontrolthem.”

Togetawayfromthesethreats，humankindwillhavetocolonizeotherplanets，whichHawkingbelieveswilltakemorethanacentury.“Wewillnotestablishselfsustainingcoloniesinspaceforatleastthenexthundredyears，sowehavetobeverycarefulinthisperiod，”Hawkingsaid.

Researchregardingsendinghumansintospaceremainsstrong.

InSeptembertheUSSenateintroducedabillthatauthorizesanew

19.5billion（￡15billion）budgetforNASAtosendacrewtotheredplanet，butcommandeditmusthappenwithinthenext25years.

ProfessorHawkinghasalsopreviouslysingledouttheriskofartificialintelligence（AI）becomingpowerfulenoughtocausethedownfallofmankind.

InJuly，ProfessorHawkingandTeslafounderElonMuskled1,000roboticsexpertsinanopenletterwarningthat“weaponsentirelypoweredbyAIwillbecometheKalashnikovsoftomorrow”．

“Theprobablelifespanofhumancivilizationismuchgreaterifwe’reamultiplanetspeciesasopposedtoasingleplanetspecies，”ElonMusksaidlastyear.

HiscompanySpaceXisworkingtosendhumanstospace.InSeptember，thefirmtestfiredoneofitsnewRaptor“interplanetarytransportengines”whichthecompanywillusetocarryastronautstoMars.

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。

史蒂芬·霍金教授认为人类不向太空发展就会失去未来。

58．WhichofthefollowingmightProfessorHawkingNOTagreewith?

A．Thehumanracehasnowayoutbuttostopprogressintechnology.

B．Itwilltakeatleastonecenturytocolonizeaplanet.

C．Artificialintelligencewillbringdisasterstothehumanrace.

D．Mankindisfacingmanydangerscausedbytechnologicalprogress.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段第二句“Wearenotgoingtostopmakingprogress，orreverseit，sowemustrecognizethedangersandcontrolthem.”可知选A。

59．Theunderlinedsentence“OurdaysonEartharenumbered”inParagraph1implies“”．

A．weareparticularcreatureslivingonEarth

B．wecan’tliveonEarthformuchlonger

C．therearetoomanydaysforhumanexistence

D．eachdayhasitsparticularmeaning

答案　B

解析　句意理解题。

此句意为“我们在地球上的日子不多了”。

故选B项“我们不能在地球上生活得更久了”。

60．Theparagraphsfollowingthispassagewouldprobablytalkabout.

A．howtoextendhumanlifespan

B．morethreatsthehumanracefaces

C．theriskofartificialintelligence

D．SpaceX’splantocolonizeMars

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第一句“HiscompanySpaceXisworkingtosendhumanstospace.”可知选D。

[二]

Doyouenjoyreading?

HerereadersofyouragefromallovertheUnitedStatesrecommendgreatbooksforyoutoread：

•MyfavoritebookisDon’tDie,MyLovebyLurleneMcDaniel.Iloveallherbooks,butthiswasthefirstoneIreadandIhavetosay,itisbyfarmyfavorite.Itdoesn’tendlikeotherbooks,andIcriedwhilereading.

•IthinkNancyDrewisgreat!

Nancyisadetectivewhohasmanyfantasticideas!

Iloveitbecauseit’sabookfromwhenmygrandmawasmyage,andIcansharethefunwithher!

•IhighlyrecommendSkinnyBonesbyBarbaraPark.Itisfunnysopleaseadditonyourbooklist.Youdon’twanttomissoutfunnystories!

•IwouldsuggestGrowingTroublebyJudyBlume.ItisbasedonrealthingsthathappenedtoJudyBlume.Itisaboutagirl,Alice,whomeetssomegirlsatanewstate.Theybecomefriends,makeaclubandmeetonceaweek.Theystopaftertwoweeksbecausetheyalllikeaboyintheirclassandputhimasnumberone.Ithinkeverygirlshouldreadthisbecauseitisaboutourgrowingup.

•IreadabookcalledNeela:

VictorySonganditwassogoodthatIreadittwice!

IttakesplaceinIndiain1936andthis12yearoldgirlnamedNeelatriestosaveherfather!

Ithaslotsofhistoryinit!

Ialsolearnedalotaboutdifferentcultures!

Theauthor’snameisChitraBanerjeeDivakaruni.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了适合不同年龄的孩子们阅读的图书。

1．Accordingtothereader,SkinnyBonescanbedescribedasa________story.

A．sadB．history

C．funnyD．detective

C解析：

细节理解题。

在介绍SkinnyBones这本书的一段文字中连续两次出现了funny（可笑的）。

2．Fromwhichbookcanwelearndifferentcultures?

A．SkinnyBones.B．NancyDrew.

C．Don’tDie,MyLove.D．Neela:

VictorySong.

D解析：

细节理解题。

只有在Neela：

VictorySong的介绍中出现了differentcultures。

3．WhichisTRUEaboutNancyDrew?

A．Boththereaderandthereader’sgrandmalovethisbook.

B．It’sbasedonrealthingsthathappenedtotheauthor.

C．It’sabouta12yearoldgirlwhotriestosaveherfather.

D．Itdoesn’thaveacommonendinglikeotherbooks.

A解析：

细节理解题。

在NancyDrew一书的介绍中，读者介绍了奶奶在他/她这个年龄的时候就读过这本书，所以可推断出他/她与奶奶都喜欢这本书，其他选项都张冠李戴了。

4．Thispassageismainlywrittenfor________．

A．parentsB．teachers

C．writersD．children

D解析：

写作意图题。

本文共推荐了5本书，而且这5本书的读者大部分是儿童，所以这篇文章主要是为儿童推荐图书。

[三]

Scientistssayahugepercentageofbirdspeciesareindangerbecausetheirhabitats,orhomelands,aredisappearing.

Traditionalmigration（迁徙）pathstakebirdsthroughcountriesthatarenotprotectingtheplacesforbirdstostop,restandfeed.Thescientistsstudiedthemigrationorflightpathsofalmost1，500species.Theydecidedthat91percentofthempassedthroughdangerousareas.

Themajordangerformigratorybirdsisdevelopment.Buildingsandpavementshavecoveredtheplaceswherebirdsstopandfeedastheymovefromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Oneofthescientistswhoworkedonthestudysays“manyoftheseimportantplaceshavebeenlosttoland_reclamationowingtourban,industrialandagriculturallandexpansion”.

Theproblem,accordingtoscientists,isthatmanyofthesesmallbirdsdiealongtheirmigrationpathsbecausetheydon’thaveasafeplacetofeedandrest.Thereisnoplacetorestoretheirenergyforthenextpartoftheirjourney.CountriesinNorthAfrica,CentralAsiaandthosealongthecoastsofEastAsiaarehavingthemostdifficulttimeconservingland.Thescientistssaythesecountriesdonothaveenoughareasthataresafeforbirds.Onespeciesthatdoesn’texistnowistheEskimocurlew.“Ourworldgetspoorereverytimeweloseaspecies，”oneofthescientistssays.

Theresearcherssaycountriesneedtoworktogetherandcomeupwithsafestoppingareasforbirdsthatpassthroughtheirboundaries.Forexample,onecountrymighthavepreservedsafezonesformigratingbirds.Butaneighborcountrymightnot.Abirdmightdie.

OnescientistwhoisnotconnectedwiththereporttellsLosAngelesTimesthatwhilesomehabitatsarechanging,moreworkcanbedonetomakeurbanareassafeforbirds.

Hesayssmallchanges,likeplantingmorenativeplantsorkeepingcatsoutoftheareasbirdswouldbelikelytouse,couldmakeabigdifference.

【语篇解读】城市化建设和工农业发展，使得候鸟栖息地遭到严重破坏，这将直接导致大量鸟类物种的消失。

32.Thedisappearanceofthebirdhabitatsismainlycausedby________.

A.thelossoflandandwaterB.development

C.fillingseastogrowgrainD.thechangeofclimate

答案B[推理判断题。

根据第三段中的Themajordangerformigratorybirdsisdevelopment.Buildingsandpavementshavecoveredtheplaceswherebirdsstopandfeed和manyoftheseimportantplaceshavebeenlosttolandreclamationowingtourban,industrialandagriculturallandexpansion可知，导致大量鸟类栖息地消失的主要原因是发展，具体表现在城镇、工业和农业用地的扩张。

]

33.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“landreclamation”inParagraph3mean?

A.Makinglandsuitableforfarmingorbuilding.

B.Causingthelandqualitytogetworse.

C.Thedisappearanceofgoodland.

D.Abusingthefarmingland.

答案A[词义猜测题。

根据该部分所在位置的前后内容可知，landreclamation意为“土地开垦”，故选项A的表述符合该词义。

]

34.Manybirdsdieonthewayofmigrationmainlybecausethey________.

A.areharmedbyhumansB.havenosafeplacetorestandeat

C.havetotakealongjourneyD.arekilledbyotheranimals

答案B[细节理解题。

根据第四段中的Theproblem,accordingtoscientists,isthatmanyofthesesmallbirdsdiealongtheirmigrationpathsbecausetheydon’thaveasafeplacetofeedandrest.Thereisnoplacetorestoretheirenergyforthenextpartoftheirjourney可知，迁徙中死去的鸟主要是因为在迁徙途中没有可供休息和进食的安全地点。

]

35.Accordingtotheresearchers,howcanweprotectthemigratingbirds?

A.Bykeepingfewercatsordogs.

B.Bystoppingtheurbandevelopment.

C.Bypreservingthelocalecologicalenvironments.

D.Byhelpingchangethebirds’migrationpaths.

答案C[推理判断题。

文章最后三段是说，各国需要合作，为路过的鸟类提供安全的栖息地。

各国可以做一些工作，把该国的城镇区域变成鸟类安全的栖息地。

结合最后所列举的两项举措我们可推知，要保护好迁徙的鸟类，我们就要保护好地方生态环境。

]

[四]

Nowintheworldpeoplearelivinglonger.Studiesshowtheaverageageofthehumanpopulationisrising.Bytheyearof2050,abouttwobillionpeoplewillbe60orevenolder.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoare80yearsoldoroverwillreach395million.

TheWHOsaysthegovernmentsmustpreparenowtodealwithanincreasinglyagingworld.Aspeopleage,theymaydeveloplong－termhealthproblems.Thesedisorders（疾病）mayaffecttheirqualityoflifeandcreateproblemsforsocietyandhealthcaresystems.Caringforanagingpopulationtakesbothtimeandmoney.Theresponsibilityofcaringforoldpeopleoftenfallsonfamilymembers.Andthiscancreatedifficulties.

In2050Chinawillbethecountrywiththelargestpopulationaged80oroverwith90million.Indiawillcomeinsecondwith37million.AndtheU.S.willbethirdwith32million.Othercountrieswiththelargestpopulationsofthe80andoldercrowdw