必修三情态动词.docx
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必修三情态动词
情态动词ModalVerbs
请回忆一下你所学过的情态动词有哪些？
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下面来具体学习各情态动词的用法。
一、may&might
1.表示请求多用于第一人称，might比may语气委婉。
肯定回答用may或can,否定回答用can’t,mustn’t.
—May/mightIborrowsomemoney?
—Yes,youmay/youcan.No,youcan’t/youmustn’t
2.表示许可，允许。
might为may的过去式
Youmaydrivethecar.Youmaynottakethebookhome.
Hesaidhemightlendussomemoney.Heaskedifhemightusethephone.
3.表示对现在或将来的推测、可能，用于肯定句或否定句。
may的可能性大于might。
Hemaybeverybusynow.Theymay/mightbewaitingatthestation.
Theproblemsmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.
Hemighttellhiswife.
Shemightnotbelieveyourstory.
4.may/mighthavedone表示对过去的推测。
用于肯定句或否定句。
may的可能性大于might。
Hemayhavegoneabroad.
Jackmay/mighthavebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.
Hemay/mightnothavefinishedthework.
Evamightnothaveseenhimyesterday.
5.mighthavedone还可以表示虚拟，意为本来能够做某事却没有做。
表示轻微的责备、埋怨。
Youmighthavetoldme.你本来可以告诉我的。
ImighthavehelpedherbutIwastoobusy._________________________________________
Youmighthavegivenhermorehelp.______________________________________________
6.用于祈使句中，表祝愿。
Mayyousucceed!
练习一
1.He ______ youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
A.mighthavegiven B.mightgive C.mayhavegiven D.maygive
2.SorryI'mlate.I______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.
A.might B.should C.can D.will
3.--AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?
---I'mnotsure.I________gototheconcertinstead.
A．mustB．would C．shouldD．might
4.Helen______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.
A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can
5.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.
—Howunbelievabletogetitback!
Imean,someone________it.
A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen
二、can&could
1.提出请求，could比can语气婉转。
CanIgonow?
Canyouhelpme?
Couldyoushowmetheway?
—Couldyoupassmethebooks?
—Yes,Ican.No,I’mafraidnot.
2.表示许可、允许和may差不多，口语中can更常见。
Youcan（may）parkhere.
Youcan（may）takethebookhome.
Youcan’tsmokehere.
3.表示能力，can指现在，could指过去，beabletodo多指通过努力而做成某事。
ShecanrunveryfastWhocananswerthequestion?
WhenIwasyoung,Icouldclimbanytreeintheforest.
IcoulddrivebeforeIleftschool.
Therewasabigfireinthehotelbuteveryonewasabletoescape.
4.表示对现在的猜测、怀疑、不相信的态度。
用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
can比could的可能性大。
Itcan’tbethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonly6.
Thatcan’tbeMary.Sheisinthehospitalnow.
There’ssomeoneoutside.Whocanitbe?
Couldthisbetrue?
Howcouldyoudothat?
Howcanyoubesocareless?
5.can/couldhavedone表示对过去事情的推测，用否定句或疑问句中。
can比could的可能性大。
Hecan’thavebeentothattown.__________________________________
Icouldn’thaveleftitonthebus.______________________________________
Canhehavegotthatmessage?
他收到那条消息了吗？
MysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohecouldn’thaveattendedyourlecture.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6.couldhavedone还可以表示本来可以做某事却没有做成。
表达一种遗憾。
Hepaidforaseatwhenhecouldhaveenteredfree._______________________________________
Youcouldhavereceivedmyletter.______________________________________________________
7.表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时可能会”
Itcanbeverycoldhereatnight.
Itcanbequitewindyonthehills.山上有时风很大。
Hecanbeverycarelesssometimes.
练习二
1.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?
-Yes,ofcourseyou_________ A.might B.willC.can D.should
2.─Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.
─It______ acomfortablejourney.
A.can'tbe B.shouldn'tbe C.mustn'thavebeen D.couldn'thavebeen
3.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.
A.hadto B.would C.could D.wasableto
4.--IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.
--Oh,didyou?
You_____withBarbara.
A.couldhavestayed B.couldstayC.wouldstay D.musthavestayed
5.－Willyoustayforlunch?
－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿,Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.
A.Imustn't B.Ican't C.Ineedn't D.Iwon't
6.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe___yourlecture.
A.couldn'thaveattended B.needn'thaveattended
C.mustn'thaveattended D.shouldn'thaveattended
7.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_________itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?
A．can B．should C．may D.must
8.-Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere?
-No,it_______behim.I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.
A.can't B.mustnot C.won't D.maynot
9.I____havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.（2005）
A.shouldn’tB.couldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
10.—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?
Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.
—Well.He_____havegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.
A．shouldn’tB．mustn’tC．can’tD．wouldn’t
11.TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_________beveryslow.
A.shouldB．mustC．willD．can
12.There'snolighton——they______beathome.（2006）
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't
13.---IsJackondutytoday?
---It________behim.It'shisturntomorrow.
A.mustn'tB.won'tC.can'tD.needn't
三、must（主观，“必须”）&haveto（客观，“不得不”）
1.—mustIfinishtheworkrightnow?
/DoIhavetofinishtheworkrightnow?
—Yes,youmust/youhavetoNo,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto
mustn’t表示禁止，意为不能，不许
Youmustn’tdrivewithoutalicese
Youmustn’ttakephotoshere.
2表示推测只用于肯定句中，意为“一定”
mustdo（对现在的推测）mustbedoing（对现在进行的某事的推测）
musthavedone（对过去的推测）
Yoursistermustbeadoctorinthishospital._____________________________________
Hemustbereadingnewspaperinthereadingroomnow.__________________________________
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet._______________________________________
Mr.Greenmusthavebeenpunishedforhisbeingrude（无礼的、粗鲁的）atthemeetingyesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3.表示偏要，硬要做某事，多指做一些让人不快的事。
Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegooutside.
Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.
John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianonow?
Iwilltellyouthetruth,ifyoumustknow.
练习三
1.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?
—Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.
A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall
2.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They______atlease150kmanhour.
A.shouldhavebeendrivingB.musthavebeendriving
C.couldhavedrivenD.wouldhavedriven
3.He_____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t
4.----ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.
----Oh,dear!
She_______alotofdifficulties!
A.maygothroughB.mightgothrough
C.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethrough
5.Thiscakeisverysweet.You______alotofsugarinit.
A．shouldputB．couldhaveputC．mightputD．musthaveput
6.Tom,you______leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!
A．wouldn’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．maynot
7.—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?
—Something________tohim.
A．musthappenB．shouldhavehappened
C．couldhavehappenedD．musthavehappened
8.--Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?
--Yes,he______.
A.needB.mustC.mayD.will
9.---CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?
---Ohdear,ifyou________.A.canB.mustC.mayD.should
10.—MayIsmokehere?
—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must
11.Ihavetoldyouthetruth________Ikeeprepeatingit?
A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Will
四、need
1.作实义动词时，后接名词、代词、动名词或不定式。
Heneedshelp.
Thehouseneeds/wants/requirescleaning.（need/want/requiredoing表示某事需要被做，主动表被动）
Thetreeneeds/wants/requireswatering
Weneedtobemorecareful.
Youdon’tneedtorepeatitsomanytimes
Doesheneedtoknowit?
2.作情态动词，后接动词原形，用于否定或者疑问句中，needn’t意为不必
Youneedn’tcomesoearly.
Youneedn’tpayforit.
—NeedIdoitatonce?
—Yes,youmust/youhaveto.No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.
3.needn’thavedone，表示虚拟，意为本来不必做某事却做了。
Youneedn’thavewaitedforme.__________________________________________________
Sheneedn’thavehurried.Therewasenoughtimeleft.______________________________________
Youneedn’thavetoldhimaboutit.___________________________________
练习四
1.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?
—No,you______.I'vetoldhimalready.
A.needn't B.wouldn'tC.mustn't D.shouldn't
2.---Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.
---You________I'mnotaskingyouforit.
A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn’t
3.----Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.
----She____.I’vealreadyborrowedone.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t
4.—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.
—Thanks.Youit.Icouldmanageitmyself.
A．needn’tdoB．needn’thavedoneC．mustn’tdoD．shouldn’thavedone
5.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday．I_______thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme．
A．shouldhavetakenB．couldhavetakenC．needn'thavetakenD，mustn'thavetaken
6.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_________havecomethismorning.
A.mayn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
最后总结一下“情态动词+havedone”的用法：
Name
Usage
1
Musthavedone
用于______句中，表示_______
升级会员 