从关联理论分析儿子与情人中人物对话Word下载.docx

从关联理论分析儿子与情人中人物对话Word下载.docx

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Keywords：

SonsandLovers;

character’sdialogue;

relevancetheory;

ostensionandinference

摘要

人物对话作是小说的重要组成部分。

作者经过精心构织，使得小说人物对话更加集中和凝练。

作者正是通过人物对话展开故事情节，塑造人物形象，刻画人物性格进而体现小说主题。

本文尝试从关联理论交际角度对《儿子与情人》中人物对话进行详细分析，属于跨语言学和文学的多学科研究。

关于这部小说的研究与评论不胜枚举，但从语用学角度对其丰富的人物对话进行剖析则并不多见，本文正是这样的尝试。

本文首先回顾了自小说问世以来的文学家以及批评家对这部小说做出的文学研究和批评，并探讨了运用语用学分析《儿子与情人》中人物对话的必要性和可行性。

本文使用的语用学理论为Sperber和Wilson提出的关联理论，并在第四章对该理论做了详细阐述，为分析《儿子与情人》中人物对话提供了明确的理论基础。

本文发现在《儿子与情人》这部小说里，作者使用了大量的人物对话以展现错综复杂的人物关系，表现人物心理矛盾和保罗的成长历程。

而且这些对话多为平白直述的语言，这就为运用关联理论对其进行分析提供了可能。

本文从小说《儿子与情人》里选取若干具有代表性的人物对话，试从关联理论视角对其进行细致分析。

分析分别从明示推理，互明，语境效果以及最佳关联展开。

通过分析发现人物对话在小说阅读过程有着不可替代的作用，人物对话有助于刻画人物形象，展现人物关系以及人物心理并揭示小说主题。

另一方面，研究发现小说人物对话体现作者的写作意图，小说作品欣赏的过程就是读者寻求与作者写作意图最佳关联的过程。

本文作者期待通过对《儿子与情人》的语用学研究能够为更好地欣赏这部小说有所贡献，也期待用关联理分析小说人物对话能够拓展传统文学作品批评维度，对小说批评和欣赏有所启示。

关键词：

《儿子与情人》；

人物对话；

关联理论；

明示与推理

Contents

Acknowledgementi

Abstractii

摘要iv

Chapter1Introduction1

1.1Researchbackground1

1.2Researchrationale3

1.3Researchobjectivesandsignificance4

1.4Frameworkofthethesis5

Chapter2LiteratureReview7

2.1ReviewofSonsandLovers7

2.2ReviewofstudiesonSonsandLovers8

2.3ReviewofstudiesonRT’sapplicationsinliterature10

2.3.1Foreignstudies10

2.3.2Domesticstudies11

Chapter3TheoreticalBackground13

3.1Basicnotioninrelevancetheory13

3.1.1Relevance13

3.1.2Assumption15

3.1.3Cognitiveenvironment16

3.1.4Informativeandcommunicativeintentions18

3.2RT’sostensive-inferentialcommunicationmodel20

3.2.1DefinitionofRT’scommunication20

3.2.2Basisofcommunication——mutualmanifestness21

3.2.3Ostensionandinference25

3.2.4Conditionsforrelevance——contextualeffect27

3.2.5Optimalrelevanceandsuccessfulcommunication28

Chapter4AnalysisofSelectedDialoguesfromSonsandLovers33

4.1LanguagecharacteristicsinSonsandLovers33

4.2Analysisofdialoguesfromrelevance-theoreticalperspective34

4.2.1Analysisofselecteddialoguesfromostensionandinference34

4.2.2Analysisofselecteddialoguesfrommutualmanifestness39

4.2.3Analysisofselecteddialoguesfromcontextualeffect44

4.2.4Analysisofselecteddialoguesfromoptimalrelevance50

4.3Maincharactersandthemereflectedbytheanalysesofdialogues55

4.3.1MaincharactersinSonsandLovers55

4.3.2ThemeinSonsandLovers60

4.3.2.1Oedipuscomplex60

4.3.2.2Bondage62

4.3.2.3Contradictions63

4.4Summary64

Chapter5Conclusion65

Bibliography68

Appendix72

Chapter1Introduction

Thisthesisdealswiththeapplicationofrelevancetheorytocharacters’dialoguesinSonsandLovers.Withthefurtherdevelopmentanddeepeningoflinguisticsstudy,thefieldoflinguisticstudyhasbeenexpandingtoliteratureanalysis.Meanwhile,theopencharacteristicofliteratureanalysismakesitpossibletoanalyzetheliteraryworksfromafreshperspective.

1.1Researchbackground

SonsandLoversisoneofLawrence'

swell-knownearlyworksandhasbeenconfirmedasanexampleofFreud'

spsychoanalytictheory.Eversinceitspublication,SonsandLovershasneverceasedtoreceivewideattention.Inthisnovel,Lawrencefiguresfromallofthespiritandsouloftheemotionalimpactanddemonstratesstrongfocusonpersonalitiesandinnerfeelings.Overmanyyears,manycriticshavepaidmoreattentiontotheOedipuscomplexbetweenPaulandhismotherandhisgirlfriends.Butstillfarmoreconnotationinthisnovelremainstobedug.

Broadlyspeaking，thetwomajorsubjectsofpragmaticresearchareutteranceproducingandutteranceunderstanding.InWilliamJamesLectures,Gricepointsoutthatcommunicativeactivityinvolveinferenceandostension.Heputsforwardthecooperativeprinciple,whichlaysthefoundationsforaninferentialmodelofcommunicationandreplacestheclassicalcodemodel.Accordingtothecodemodel,communicationisaprocessofencodinganddecodingmessage:

thespeakerencodeshisideaintoutteranceswhilethehearerinterpretsthespeaker’sideathroughdecodinghiswords.AccordingtoGrice’sinferentialmodel,acommunicatorprovidesevidenceofhisintensiontoconveyacertainmeaning,whichisinferredbytheaudienceonthebasisoftheevidenceprovided.However,Grice’scooperativeprinciplecannotexplainthenatureofcommunicationprocess.Later,RelevanceTheory（RT）,formallyproclaimedbySperberandWilson,providesanewapproachtopragmatics.Relevancetheorystudieshumancommunicationandutteranceunderstandingonthebasisofcognitiveperspectiveindynamiccontext.RelevanceTheorysharesGrice’sideasthatutterancesraiseexpectationsofrelevance.ButconcerningotheraspectsofGrice’saccount,relevancetheoryholdsdifferentviews.

AccordingtoSperberandWilson,communicationisanostensive-inferentialprocess.Ostensionandinferencearethetwosidesofthecommunicationprocess.Speakingfromthesideofthespeaker,thecommunicationisakindofostension.Speakingfromthesideofthehearer,thecommunicationisakindofinference.Intheprocess,thespeakerprovidesevidenceofhisintensiontoconveyacertainmeaning,whichisinferredbytheheareronthebasisofevidenceprovided.

Therelevancetheorycommunicationclaimsthecombinationofboththecodemodelandinferentialmodel.Accordingtorelevancetheory,communicationisakindofcognitiveactivity.Themutualmanifestnessofthecognitiveenvironmentsconstitutesthebasisofthesuccessfulcommunication.Andhumancommunicationisrelevance-cored.TherelevanceinRTisrelativeandbalancesbetweenthecontextualeffectandtheprocessingeffortinutteranceunderstanding.Whenanassumptioncanachieveeffectivecontextualeffectwithoutcausingthehearertoomuchunnecessaryprocessingeffort,wecansayitisoptimallyrelevant.Theoptimalrelevanceistheeffectwhichbothcommunicatorstendtoachieveinverbalcommunication.Contextualassumptionisanotherimportantconceptinrelevancetheory,whichcontributestoachievingthecontextualeffect.

Thisthesiswillanalyzetheimplicaturesofcharacters’dialoguesinSonsandLoverswiththeaimtohelpreadersbetterunderstandthisclassic.ThetheoreticalbackupofthisthesisisSperberandWilson’sRelevanceTheory.Havingcarefullyreadthewholestory,theauthorofthisthesisselectedseventeensuitabletargetdialoguesfromthisnoveltoconducttheresearch.

1.2Researchrationale

Characterdialogueconstitutesanimportantpartofanovel.Itislikelythatcharacterdialogueismoreloadedwithinformativeandsuggestivemessages.Thewordsofdialoguesinanovelmayberenderedconsciouslyandintentionally,orpartiallyrenderedonlinguisticconsiderations.Betterunderstandingofcharacters’dialoguessurelywillhelpreadersbetteranalyzeandappreciatethenovel.Inanovel,thecharacte